• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.18-26
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• 2010

Outdoor lighting has become a necessary essential part of society for safety and comfortable space. However, inappropriate outdoor lighting leads to energy waste and poor landscape. Outdoor lighting is a very important social element, which enables us to conduct various activities at night in a safe, efficient and comfort way. River Thames in UK, Venice in Italy and Sydney in Australia is a good example of the coastal area. This paper aims to evaluate the light pollution of outdoor lighting in coastal area in Busan city. The Radiant Imaging ProMetric-1400 was used to measure the luminance of Gwangalli Beach, Marine City and Haeundae Beach. Compare to the CIE recommendation level the luminance of the all outdoor lighting were about 2~20 times higher. Outdoor lighting of the building facade luminance level and color should be particularly limited.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2012

This study aimed to glean lessons for desirable early childhood physical education programs by contouring the current paradigms on body or physical activities in the area of early education for young children. It also aimed to analyze their postures while participating in daily activities. The research method for analysis of children's postures while doing daily activities was OWAS(Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) which has been extensively used in ergonomics. Components of data analysis have been redesigned on the basis of information gathered from OWAS with the help of ergonomic experts. The results showed different percentages of children's movements according to activities such as whole class meeting, small group activity and outdoor activity. Small group and outdoor activities can be considered the most desirable physical activities not only for cognitive and social development but also for physical development. And it is recommended to reconstruct the quality and nature of whole class meetings in order to coordinate the physical nature of young children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.461-472
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status and condition of children's playgrounds in K which parents recognize as in Gyeonggi-do and provide basic data for the qualitative environment for daily outdoor play of young Children. To do so, a survey of 269 parents living in Gyeonggi-do was conducted and reconstructed based on the advanced research related to outdoor play. Also it was evaluated and revised after consultation with 3 children education specialists. The repossessed questionaries were frequency-analyzed with SPSS 20.0 program. The result of the analysis on outdoor playgrounds is in the following. First of all, it was analyzed that parents required 1 or 2 hours for their children to play outdoors in a type of "forest playgrounds." Moreover, they said that it was really important for the children to feel "interesting and funny" during the outdoor play, and they recognized that the play would be helpful for the children's socialization. However, they felt that a risk factor of the outdoor play was "a vehicle risk in streets." Secondly, the study suggested that there were outdoor playgrounds around parents' houses, and a type of the outdoor play was "a playground installed in the apartment complex." Furthermore, most of the parents weren't satisfied with the outdoor play because the apartment neglected the management of the playgrounds, and there were no playing facilities that were good enough to derive children's curiosity and adventurous spirit. The result also showed that most of the children played outdoors with "their mothers," and they participated in indoor activities, especially playing a game or watching TV rather than outdoor activities after attending a children educational institute. Lastly, when it comes to areas of outdoor play to be improved, it was necessary to "expand playgrounds that children can use for each season," build "safe playgrounds" for a type of the outdoor play," provide "playing spaces" for a spatial type, and "control vehicles around the playgrounds and deal with dangerous things" to prevent safety accidents. The result can expand the understanding of outdoor play for Young Children and offer discussions about the relevant organizations and studies.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.33-53
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate women's indoor and outdoor everyday life including their housework, labor and leisure of the late Chosen period as expressed in paintings. Women's everyday life was classified into their indoor and outdoor life according to the custom of Naeoe, which had confined women's activities in the outdoors. This study analyzed 93 Paintings depicting the Due life of People. As a result, even though the Chosen period was a conservative society dominated by Confucian custom that confined women in the home, most women spent much of their time in the outdoors carrying water, washing clothes and doing farm work. Some common women participated in marketing household product, peddling and managing a drink shop. Especially, servant women such as Kineo, Muneo and Youneo labored in Public offices or Private Places. Consequently, this study suggests that the misconception should be corrected that traditional women's sex role had been confined exclusively in the home.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.359-362
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• 2009

This study investigates the behavior of water vapor permeability of a layered system to find out a comfortable combination of a layered system for outdoor activities and examines the water vapor permeability of various types of outdoor clothing fabrics. The layered system includes the base layer such as sportswool and polyester/cotton fabrics, the middle layer such as single and double sided fleece fabrics, and the shell layer such as polyurethane-coated, PTFE-laminated and microfiber fabrics in this experiment. Results show that the layered system was applied, it was working together as a whole having some influence on each other layer, though every layer offered varying degree of water vapor permeability. Water vapor permeability of layered system exactly followed the same trend as the shell layer, which is all vapor permeable water repellent fabrics as a single layer. The rate of water vapor transfer through a layered system is mainly related to the type of vapor permeable water repellent fabrics used for the shell layer.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

This study empirically analyzed the effect of outdoor brand consumer's consumption value and company's creating shared values activity on consumers' purchase intention. The sub-variables of consumption value were set as functional value, conditional value, and emotional value as factors affecting consumers' purchase intention. The sub-variables of company's creating shared values activities were set as economic value, relational value, social value. As a result of analysis, functional value, conditional value, and emotional value of consumption value were found to have a positive effect on purchase intention, and economic value, social value, and relational value of company's creating shared values were all positively influenced Respectively. According to the results of the analysis, it is found that both consumption value of outdoor brand consumers and company's creating shared values activities are positive factors for purchase intention. This result can be deduced that consumers 'consumption value and company's creating shared values activities in outdoor brand industry are already reflected in consumers' purchase intention.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.527-536
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• 2010

Ubiquitous computing and mobile technologies provide much scope for designing innovative learning experiences that can take place in a variety of indoor and outdoor settings, such as botanical gardens, parks, museums and classrooms. In this paper, we present our own innovative work for bridging indoor and outdoor field-trip learning activities with the support of RFID with reader device on ubiquitous environments. The function of our system is based on strategically located RFID tags placed on objects around settings which are identified using the mobile device installed to an RFID reader. The mobile device reads the RFID tag and sends the learner's request to the field-trip learning system. And learners can be learning activities according to theirs learning levels. We also focus on the use of intelligent agents to customize learning contents for individual learners. The result of our experiment indicates that learner enjoyed learning where mobile devices are used in the system, supporting the learning activities in the context of which they are taking place.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.903-912
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze potential effects of Koreans' ultraviolet risk awareness and appearance management on their UV protective behaviors in daily life and outdoor activities, and was to investigate in their awareness of UV-protective clothing and their purchase attitudes toward anti-UV protective clothing. To meet the above goals, we have surveyed a total of 262 participants(male and female) residing in Chungcheong province. Findings were as following: As a part of ultraviolet-protective behaviors, it was found that the respondents often relied on applying sun-block cream or shady place before exposition to sunlight. Particularly, it was notable that 30's or older group was more proactive in UV protective behaviors than younger group below 30 years old. There were significant correlations among the respondents' UV protective behaviors, their awareness of anti-UV clothing and their purchase attitudes to anti-UV clothing. Also, there were also significant correlations among their UV-protective means for outdoor activities. That is, more favorable awareness about anti-UV clothing they have is associated with their more active attitudes to purchasing anti-UV clothing and taking anti-sunlight behaviors. It was found that the number of respondents who used cosmetics for outdoor activities was more than that of respondents who used clothing to protect their body from ultraviolet ray. Hence, it will be necessary for follow-up studies to focus on the development and promotion of anti-UV clothing.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.454-468
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• 2016

In this study, the gender-role stereotyping of the texts and the illustrations in the elementary science textbooks developed under the 2009 Revised National Curriculum was analyzed, and the results were compared with those of the 2007 Revised National Curriculum. In the texts, there were significant differences between boys and girls in the frequencies of texts, two types of learning activities such as scientific inquiry and emotional expression, and housekeeping activity. Women outnumbered men in housekeeping activity, but they were much less than men to perform outdoor and professional activities. In the illustrations, there were not significant differences by gender in pupils, and these results are desirable in terms of achieving balance between boys and girls. However, the textbooks were found to favor the illustrations of men especially in outdoor and professional activities. Women also performed more in housekeeping activity. Compared with the adult results of previous curriculum, these results were not improved at all.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2015

As the complexity of urban growth out of people with disabilities are subject to many restrictions. In particular, visually impaired people are not allowed to perceive objects as well as objects around the environment, it suffers from a number of outdoor activities to environmental challenges. But the outdoors environment of the current domestic reality is lacking a lot of facilities to assist the activities of people with disabilities, including the visually impaired. In this paper, we propose a navigation system to help the visually impaired in outdoor activities. The proposed system was applied to test the Jeungpyeong campus of Korea National University of Transportation for the exam.