• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2009

The theme-type self-harvest concept proposed in this research will be applied as a relevant reference in planning and realizing urban-rural exchange facilities at the village level. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept, to characterize the self-harvesters and organic farmers involved, to illustrate the ecological, economic and social interaction and the possible constraints of the concept. What is more important, however, is to develop programs for consultants, organic farmers and green-minded consumers, to vitalize direct transaction. The proponents of self-harvest are convinced that this concept leads to ecological, economic and social benefits, which will help to design a sustainable food supply system for small, medium and large cities.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.237-249
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• 2006

The objective of this paper was to evaluate economic feasibility of biodiesel production. Biodiesel is a diesel-fuel replacement produced from domestic renewable resources such as vegetable oils. This paper deals mainly with the income and cost data to analyze economic feasibility of biodiesel. The income of a rape farmer for biodiesel was 206,894won/10a, and it's similar to barley income. In addition a rape production for biodiesel have ancillary effect. Therefore we have to use direct payment for encouraging the production and use of biodiesel.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-136
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• 1995

Recendtly an organic agricultured in Korea is getting a public attention not only for minimizing NO3- contamination of groundwater but also for producing of quility of agricultural products. But still there is not Basic Standards for Organic Agriculture in Korea and Japan since they just believe organic agriculture is one kind of the environmental friendly sustainable agriculture as written in western literature. In the paper it was discussed the core skills and doctrine of IFOAM Basic Standards compare to Korean Organic Farming Method in oder to point out thed disadvantages of overuse of organic fertilizer, 50-150MT/㏊ in each cultivation, intensive monocropping in glass-house without any rotation & legume, and without any green manure. Most korean or-ganic farmer believe that the more they apply organic fertilizer, the better they pro-duce high quility of crops and they practise organic agriculture completely. It was also suggested the overuse of organic fertilizer cause the accumulation of NO3- in rhizosphere and subsequently it might lead to drinkwater pollution by nitrate leaching. In conclusion it is suggested that for successful establishment of organic agriculture, The Association of Korean Organic Agriculture, The Society of Korean Organic Agri-culture and the certification body should be developed the Basic Standards which is acceptable by IFOAM Basic Standards.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-70
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• 1994

Presently the concept of organic farming has not simply technical categories such as no agricul-tural chemicals and no chemical fertilizer but can be also extended to the categories of economics, food nutrition, environmental and philosophical aspects. Accordingly, in order to understand cor-rectly organic farming, it is necessary to look into the concept including these extended aspects. So the production and consumption activities of organic farming products are largely based on the fundamental philosophy of organic farming. That is, all the life that is included in an ecosystem has to live in symbiosis, which is based on life circulation principle. And if this circultaion system is destroyed, human life may be threatended. Farmers who produce organic farming prducts(organic farmer) receive price higher than general farmers. This study shows the gap of 46.9% in two products. Also, since the price of organic farming products is fluctuated less relatively, Organic farming pruducts can be competed against imported agricultural products in terms of food safety. And organic farming should be managed by crop rotation and composite farm management upon which the principle of material circulation is worked. This composite management is devided into 2 classes, which are individually livestock-have-composite management and regional composite management. These management method means that organic materials are crucial to maintain the structure and fertility and these organic materials are easily obtained from animal as by-products.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.283-286
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• 2011

Powdery mildew and leaf mold were major diseases in organic cultured tomatoes. $NaHCO_3$ and $KH_2PO_4$ were selected as control agents for controlling tomato powdery mildew. Control effect of the selected control agents was increased when they were treated with oil-egg yolk mixtures (OEYO). Also four organic materials used commercially including copper hydroxide and sulfur, showed high control effect more than 90% in green house. Also two organic matters, copper hydroxide and sulfur showed high control effect in farmer's field. When tomatoes were cultivated in plastic house installed with circulation fan, incidence of powdery mildew and leaf mold was reduced by 56% and 60%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2016

The Hongseong-Gun school food service center (Hongseong SFSC) that is managed directly by local government is supplying local environmentally friendly foods from 2014. This study aimed to analyze a case on Hongseong SFSC and to propose improving directions. Hongseong SFSC showed higher supply ratio (67.4%) of local environmentally friendly foods compared to the other centers. The operation effects of this center are reliably price of farmer's products, increased consumption of local agri-products, school food confidence, and so on. But there are many problems on this operation. Improvement directions of SFSC for local food system are as follows: Firstly, the supply range of foodstuffs is needed to establish quality standards to increase foodstuffs quality. Secondly, guidelines for creating a fair commission fee structure should be established. Thirdly, the contract issues between the center and schools need to be resolved by governance system. Fourthly, local environmentally friendly agricultural cultivation and cropping systems are required to establish reliably supply of farmer's products.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2013

The Purpose of this paper is to suggest sustainable strategies of the project for developing large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts (LSEAD). This study used assessment 3 indicators, efficiency, impact and sustainability of environment-friendly agricultural certification area and farmers, management situations of crop-livestock circulation center, educations for environment-friendly farming, changes of farmer's income and so on. This project has contributed to develop environment- friendly agriculture and model of LSEAD. And for sustainable development of LSEAD, it is necessary to renovate crop-livestock circulation centers, promote organic farming of resource-circulation type, converse to non-pesticide or organic farming of low pesticide one, do active marketing activities, establish a governance system of business projects and so forth.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.17-34
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• 2000

This paper is aim to report the core aspects of Codex guideline for organically grown food which is finalized by FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission on May 2000 in 28th session of the Codex committee on food labelling. The chapter of animal production had discussed for a long time before it was finalized in Ottawa/canada as well as use of GMO(Genetically modified organism), manure from factory farming, animal welfare, and fodder inputs consisting of at least 85% for ruminants and 80% for non-ruminants. As the guideline for Codex set out the several things which is very difficult for Asian country, Organic farmer in Korea should pay an attention to maintain/increase the fertility and biological activity by cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting plants in an appropriate multi-annual rotation programme, and incorporation in the soil of organic material from holding producing in accordance with the guidelines. Pest, diseases and weeds should be controlled by choice of appropriate varieties, appropriate rotation, mechanical cultivation, diversified ecosystems, flame weeding, animal weeding and steam sterilization. The use of plant growth hormone, GMO and manure from industrial management system are not allowed, and closed recycling system, rotation, resistant seeds again pest and disease should be practiced in organic farming. But these are not unfortunately practiced in the country. In the conclusion it was strongly suggested to enact the Basic Standard for Korean organic agriculture which contains the core principles of Codex guidelines, and to try the importation of the most advanced theory, skills and technology from leading country in organic farming.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.791-800
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• 2020

This study aims to determine the technical aspects of organic food systems in rice agribusiness and analyze the pattern of economic and institutional structures of agribusiness in East Java of Indonesia. Also, this study investigates the feasibility of farming and understands the strategies of rice agribusiness development. This study was conducted in several places in East Java of Indonesia, covering the district of Blitar, Kediri, Bondowoso, Tulungagung, and Malang. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussion. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using efficiency analysis, revenues analysis, and SWOT analysis. The findings indicated that, technically, the district of Bondowoso, Malang, Kediri, and Tulungagung had implemented the organic systems, while the district of Blitar applied under semi-organic systems. The pattern of economic institutions of agribusiness commodity consists of the production facility, farming, post-harvest and product processing, marketing, and support services institutional. These results showed that the organic rice farming is economically viable, and the government support was provided in the form of the establishment of development centers, the facilitation of agricultural machines, integrated crop management field school, and the organic certification. These findings suggest that several places in East Java have prospective opportunities for production of rice agribusiness development.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

The questionnaire survey was conducted on 225 farmers in Gyeonggi-do, Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do. A total of 189 (84%) farmers responded. 72% of the respondents were males, 50.3% were aged 60 or older, and 51.3% had less than 5 years of farming experience. 78.8% of the respondents are pesticide-free, and 44.4% of respondents have less than 0.5 ha of farming scale. 61.4% of the cultivated crops were vegetable crops. The order of seeds and seedlings to buy was tomato (23.3%), cucumber (12.2%) and pepper (10.6%). The cost of purchasing seeds ranged from a minimum of 100,000 won to a maximum of 5 million won. 78.3% of respondents answered that they well-knew or knew about organic seeds. 78.3% of respondents answered that they knew or knew about organic seeds. Of the positive effects of mandatory use of organic seeds, 41.3% of respondents said they would increase confidence in organic certification. However, 41% of respondents who opposed the mandatory use of organic seeds said that "The strengthening of regulations will make organic agriculture more difficult." When the use of organic seeds is mandatory, 43.4% of the respondents favor direct support for the purchase of organic seeds, which should be supported politically by the state. When organic seeds were supplied, the disease resistant seeds (53.4%) was the preferred characteristic of organic seeds. For the optimal price of organic seeds, 38.6% of respondents wanted the same price as the commercialized conventional seed. In this study, the questionnaire was conducted for three major organic farming regions, but many of the respondents were judged to have a legal position on the mandatory use of organic seeds. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as a basic data for reviewing the legislation on the organic seed production and distribution suitable for the situation of Korean organic farming.