• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1689-1697
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three kinds of organic acid (OA) products on the growth performance, intestinal characteristics and morphology, and cecal microflora in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal meal diet. Methods: A total of 420 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers with an average initial body weight of 49.11±1.02 g were used in this 42-day experiment. Birds were randomly allotted to one of five treatments (7 replicates with 12 birds per replicate). Treatments consisted of negative control (NC), basal diet; positive control (PC), basal diet+100 mg/kg of Aviramycin; OA1, basal diet+500 mg/kg of OA product 1; OA2, basal diet+1,000 mg/kg of OA product 2; and OA3, basal diet+1,200 mg/kg of OA product 3. Results: The results indicated that OA product addition had no effect on growth performance parameters, such as body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, from days 1 to 14, 15 to 28, and 0 to 42, or on the pH values of the intestine, intestinal weight, or intestinal weight to body weight ratio. The intestinal morphology in terms of villus height and crypt depth were affected by dietary supplementation of OA products, respectively. Furthermore, dietary addition of OAs had positive influences on the maintenance of the cecal microflora based on the results of 16S rRNA analysis. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of three kinds of OA products all benefit broilers, but the mode of action may be different. This study provides a basis for the application of OA products used in the poultry industry.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1725-1732
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium benefits on the physiological responses, litter performance, blood profiles and milk composition of lactating sows and tissue concentration of their progeny when mixed form of selenium was provided in a lactation diet. Methods: A total of 45 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with similar body weight, backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of three treatments with 15 sows per treatment in a completely randomized design. Organic and inorganic selenium were mixed and added to the diet at 0.15 ppm and 0.25 ppm, respectively. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean meal based diet, ii) ISOS15: control+ inorganic Se 0.15 ppm+organic Se 0.15 ppm, iii) ISOS25: control+inorganic Se 0.25 ppm+organic Se 0.25 ppm. Results: Serum selenium concentrations of sows and piglets were increased by the supplemental Se mixture at 7 days of lactation compared with the control (p<0.01, respectively). The kidney and muscle selenium concentrations of piglets were increased by the supplemental Se mixture at 21 days of lactation compared with the control (p = 0.03; p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with mixed inorganic and organic selenium in a lactating diet could improve the selenium status of sows and piglets; no differences were observed among the mixing levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1628-1633
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• 2005

Three hundred and twenty four one day old mixed sex broiler chicks were assigned at random into 9 treatment groups. The experimental design was a 3${\times}$3 factorial arrangement. During the starter period (week 1-3), chicks were fed ad libitum. A cornsoybean meal based diet contained 23% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium. Two organic chromium products, chromium yeast (Cr-Yeast from Alltech Biotechnology Corporation Limited) and chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) were supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. One inorganic product, chromium chloride, was supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. During the finishing period (week 4-7), the corn-soybean meal based diet contained 20% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and the same levels of chromium as in the starter period were added. No significant difference was observed among treatment groups in average daily gain, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The carcass percentage of broilers receiving 200 and 400 ppb organic chromium (Cr-Yeast or Cr-Pic) was significantly increased (p<0.01). In addition, the supplementation of organic chromium reduced (p<0.05) breast meat fat content but increased breast meat protein content. The addition of chromium in the diet had no effect on boneless breast, skinless boneless breast, boneless leg, skinless boneless leg but reduced percentage of sirloin muscle. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced by organic Cr supplementation. Supplementation with 200 and 400 ppb of both Cr-Yeast and Cr-Pic showed the lowest total cholesterol. The effects of type of Cr on HDL and LDL were variable, however, LDL increased with increasing level of Cr supplementation. This trial indicates that organic chromium tended to improve growth performances and carcass composition, reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides. The optimum level of organic chromium supplementation was at 200 ppb.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.931-936
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of different organic selenium (Se) products in finishing pigs. A total of 48 growing pigs, average body weight $47.6kg{\pm}0.05$, were allotted to four different treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in three replicates with four pigs per pen. Three different organic Se products, Se-enriched yeast (treatments A and B) and Se-proteinate (treatment C), were used in conjunction with a basal diet with no added Se as a control treatment. In growing period, pigs were fed the same diet but finishing pigs were fed each treatment diet containing organic Se products for 6 weeks. During the experimental period, feed intake and body weight were measured and blood samples were collected to determine the Se concentration. At the end of this experiment, 3 pigs per treatment were killed and various tissues (loin, liver, kidney, pancreas and spleen) were collected to analyze the Se concentration. The body weight, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were similar among treatments, but the average daily gain (ADG) was increased on Se-proteinate treatment (p<0.01) and gain-to-feed ratio (G/F ratio) was improved on Se yeast B or Se-proteinate treatment (p<0.01). The tissue Se content was also increased when pigs were fed organic Se sources, and Se was retained efficiently in loin (p<0.01) and kidney (p<0.05) when Se yeast B was provided. The serum Se concentration was increased when organic Se was provided and was higher when pigs were fed Se-proteinate (p<0.01); subsequently liver Se was also higher on Se-proteinate treatment than other treatments. The Se yeast A treatment did not show any increment of Se concentration both in serum and tissues. This result demonstrated that Se retention and bioavailability in finishing pigs were varied by Se products although organic sources were provided. Consequently, each organic Se product should be evaluated before it is used as a supplement in animal feed.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2005

for 50% of Rash water every week during experimental period. Eight of 100L of aquarium, eight kg of mudfish and four of female korean native chicken were used this study. This study are divided according to the mudfish fed on commercial mudfish diet in the four of control group and fed on raw hens excreta in the four treatment group. The chemical composition was compared with commercial mudfish diet and hens excreta. In the both sample, crude protein contents was almost same. The crude fat and crude ash were higher in hens excreta than commercial mudfish diet. The growth performance of mudfish tend to high when fed hens excreta. There were no differences in contents of E. Coli and Salmonella and pH of water in aquariums between the groups. Mortality of mudfish tend to decrease when fed hens excreta. No problem with mudfish health was observed during the experimental period of 35 days. These results indicated that it is possible to raising mudfish fed on hens excreta only.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.1249-1255
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• 2015

본 연구는 세리신을 이용해 만든 유기셀레늄의 생체이용률을 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 항산화지표인 환원형 글루타티온은 셀레늄 처치로 인해 증가 되었는데 유기셀레늄에 의한 증가는 무기셀레늄에 비해 큰 경향이었으며, 또한 혈중 과산화 지질도 유기셀레늄이 무기셀레늄에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내어 유기셀레늄은 무기셀레늄에 비해 항산화력 향상에 더 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 셀레늄 결핍식이로 인해 저하된 셀레늄 흡수율과 보유율은 셀레늄 처치로 증가되는데, 특히 유기셀레늄 처치로 인한 흡수율과 보유율이 높아 생체 내 이용률은 증대될 것으로 사료되며 이는 항산화력 향상에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. 혈청과 간의 셀레늄의 농도는 셀레늄 처치로 유의하게 증가되는데 셀레늄 형태 중 유기셀레늄에 의한 증가가 가장 컸으나 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과 무기질을 함유한 펩타이드는 무기질의 생체이용률을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났는데 세리신을 이용한 유기화 형태로 섭취될 경우 혈액과 장기의 침착뿐 아니라 흡수율과 보유율 증가에 관여하여 각 무기질의 효능을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.856-864
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of mixed organic acids (MOA) on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high wheat bran diet. Methods: Six crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), with an average body weight $78.8{\pm}4.21kg$, fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were allotted to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with 3 periods and 3 diets. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d total collection of feces and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean-wheat bran basal diet (CTR), mixed organic acid 1 diet (MOA1; CTR+3,000 mg/kg OA1), mixed organic acid 2 diet (MOA2; CTR+2,000 mg/kg OA2). Results: Pigs fed MOA (MOA1 or MOA2) showed improved (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter, and pigs fed MOA2 had increased (p<0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fiber compared to CTR. Dietary MOA supplementation decreased (p<0.05) pH value, and improved (p<0.01) concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in ileum compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA showed higher (p<0.05) concentration of acetic acid, and lower (p<0.05) content of formic acid in feces compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA1 had increased (p<0.05) concentration of TVFA and butyric acid in feces. Pigs fed MOA1 showed higher concentration of Lactobacillus and lower concentration of Escherichia in feces compared to CTR. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of MOA 1 or 2 could improve nutrients digestibility, TVFA concentration and intestinal flora in growing-finishing pigs fed high fiber diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ diet) of organic Se on growth performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency, and relative weight of liver, abdominal fat and ready to cook yields were not affected (p>0.05) by organic Se supplementation to broiler diets. Lipid peroxidation in plasma decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased (p<0.01) linearly with Se concentration in diet. The ratios between heterophyls and lymphocytes and relative weight of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus), and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (p>0.05) by Se supplementation to broiler diets. However, the cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased (p<0.01) linearly with dietary Se concentration. The results of the present study indicate that the supplementation of Se did not influence body weight and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of Se increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2019

The present study investigated the effect of forage sources and their inclusion levels in diet on the rumen fermentation of Korea traditional goat. Timothy and alfalfa were used as forage sources. Forages were mixed with concentrate diet in different ratios. The ratios of forage to concentrate diets were varied to 1:9, 5:5 and 9:1. The rumen fluid of goat was gathered from slaughter house. Dry matter digestibility was decreased and methane production was increased as forage levels in diet was increased. When forage sources, timothy and alfalfa, were compared, groups with timothy showed greater methane production than the groups of alfalfa. Molar ratio of produced acetate and valerate were increased when forage level in diet was increased. In the case of propionate and butyrate, they were decreased as elevated forage levels in diet. The result of this study provided a basic information for rumen fermentation of Korean traditional goat and these information could be applied in the development of nutritional and feeding strategy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.113-131
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing clay minerals and organic chromium in feed on broiler chicken under heat stress (HS). A total of 90 one-day-old broiler chicken (Arbor Acres) with an initial body weight of 45.0 ± 0.2 g were assigned to five treatment groups (six replications, three birds each cage): 1) NC group, basal diet under room temperature environment; 2) PC group, basal diet under high temperature (HT) environment; 3) ILT group, basal diet + 1% illite + HT; 4) ZLT group, basal diet + 1% zeolite + HT; 5) OC group, basal diet + 400 ppb/kg organic chromium + HT. The ILT and ZLT groups had significantly higher body weight than the PC group in 4 weeks. Apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy was increased in the ILT, ZLT, and OC groups compared to the PC group. The NC group had lower foot-pad dermatitis score than other groups. Escherichia coli population in the cecum and feces was decreased in the ZLT group than in the PC group. Lactobacillus in cecum and feces was significantly increased in the ZLT group than in the PC group. Regarding blood profiles, blood cortisol was decreased in the NC and ILT groups compared to the PC group. Water holding capacity and pH were increased in the ZLT group than the PC group. In conclusion, according to the results of growth performance, nutrients digestibility, bacteria counts, and meat characteristics, supplementation of the ZLT in broiler diet can alleviate HS.