• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2019

Then 3D printing is used practically at construction sites, there is a serious lack of studies on the conflict with construction-related laws and expected operational problems. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to present obstacles and directions for improvement in construction-related laws (Building Act, Construction Technology Promotion Act, Housing Act, Construction Machinery Management Act, etc.) for practical operation of 3D printing. The important results are as follows. Amending existing construction-related laws for 3D printing is irrational and inefficient in terms of structure and material. This study proposed a method of satisfying performance required by laws or standards based on the performance design method presented in existing laws and systems through structure and material performance certification procedure. In addition, inclusion of 3D printing equipment in the Construction Machinery Management Act results in various restrictions such as equipment inspection and certification of machine parts. As such restrictions can block vitalization of 3D printing, a long-term and step-wise approach was suggested.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.257-275
• /
• 2022

Recently, there are studies the argument that arithmetic rules established by the four fundamental arithmetic operations, in other words, commutative laws, associative laws, distributive laws, should be explicitly described in mathematics textbooks and the curriculum. These rules are currently implicitly presented or omitted from textbooks, but they contain important principles that foster mathematical thinking. This study aims to evaluate the current level of understanding of these computation rules and provide implications for the curriculum and textbook writing. To this end, the correct answer ratio of the five arithmetic rules for 1-4 grades 398 in five elementary schools was investigated and the type of error was analyzed and presented, and the subject to learn these rules and the points to be noted in teaching and learning were also presented. These results will help to clarify the achievement criteria and learning contents of the calculation rules, which were implicitly presented in existing national textbooks, in a new 2022 revised curriculum.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.1064-1073
• /
• 2020

The general situation of system composition and safety management of high-speed railway terminal is investigated and a comprehensive evaluation index system of operational security is established on the basis of railway laws and regulations and previous research results to evaluate the operational security management of the high-speed railway terminal objectively and scientifically. Index weight is determined by introducing interval eigenvalue method (IEM), which aims to reduce the dependence of judgment matrix on consistency test and improve judgment accuracy. Operational security status of a high-speed railway terminal in northwest China is analyzed using the traditional model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and a general technique idea and references for the operational security evaluation of the high-speed railway terminal are provided. IEM is introduced to determine the weight of each index, overcomes shortcomings of traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and improves the accuracy and scientificity of the comprehensive evaluation. Risk factors, such as terrorist attacks, bad weather, and building fires, are intentionally avoided in the selection of evaluation indicators due to the complexity of risk factors in the operation of high-speed railway passenger stations and limitation of the length of the paper. However, such risk factors should be considered in the follow-up studies.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the legal issues and policies on accommodation sharing based on qualitative research and examined how OECD societies establish laws and regulations to legalize accommodation sharing and prevent adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the different laws and regulations at both the country and city levels and to help better manage accommodation sharing in our society. The ultimate goal of this study is to enhance citizen understanding of platform businesses to minimize unnecessary conflicts. Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted a qualitative research by exploring laws and regulations in OECD countries. This study performed comparative analysis of accommodation sharing business' legislation, legal definitions, and operational policies that citizens should necessarily understand for better usage. Results: Local ordinances and regulations developed differently based on the situations of local markets and communities, so they are established and improved at the city or country level. Conclusions: Each government should consider preparing better policy on accommodation sharing by considering how to secure the housing market for residents with better establishment of new platform businesses and relationships with citizens. This study suggests policy reactions to government as policymakers, guests, hosts, platforms, and communities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2022

This paper relates to the improvement application of operation requirements documents(ORD) on which empirical researches are not sufficient. The application of ORD was drawn up and operated in the acquisition phase, and recently it was decided to apply it in the requirements planning phase. However, the reality is that there are deficiencies in the performance of works, such as the classification of works among related organizations. Therefore, this study analyzed the cases of writing ORD that have been promoted so far, and Its status was enhanced by reflecting it in laws and regulations. In addition, the concept was redefined, and improvement measures such as the level of writing ORD were suggested for each acquisition stages. Above all, it is desirable to incrementally supplement and develop from preliminary conceptual research in the planning stage and drafting at the military level. In addition, the relevant legal system should be supplemented so that such ORD application can be flexibly established in defence acquisition.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2020

Civil technologies and parts occupy big ratio in military vehicle as military supply goods were commercialized. In case of the military vehicle engine, the civil purposed engine has been militarized without developing engine for defense industry. Because of this, it happens that Euro-5 version is mounted in spite of Euro-6 at present because the civil laws on the civil purpose engine and required operational capability for militarization are applied by overlapping. Therefore, this study focused on current situation and issues on the military vehicle emission regulation and suggested how to improve through analyzing the theses, articles, Korean laws and systems. For improving methods, imposing the emission certification duty and exempting the certification for the vehicle of high strategical importance were suggested through aligning the related laws. Consequently, it is expected that this study will be used for basics of checking the civil laws and connection with military systems for commercialization of military supplied goods.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.145-181
• /
• 2013

General aviation is an integral part of civil aviation and involves the widest range of aviation segments except commercial aviation. Featured with different operational procedures and practices to satisfy the economic needs and safety requirements of a sovereign state, general aviation tends to be regulated by an individual state. The last three decades have seen exponential growth of commercial air transport in China, but its general aviation sector has remained disproportionally underdeveloped. With the deepening of the reform of low-altitude airspace, the sector is poised for a radical change and rapid growth. However, legislation governing general aviation activities in China is distorted causing inconsistency and confusions in their application and implementation. This paper aims to analyse China's prevailing legislation regulating general aviation activities. It first discusses the various definitions adopted by ICAO and its member states and reviews the development of general aviation in the US, EU, Australia and China. It then examines the sources of China's general aviation laws, e.g. Chicago Convention and its annexes, and Chinese domestic legislature which covers legislation, laws, directives, rules and procedures. The paper continues to analyse and establish the deficiencies of its prevailing legal framework by pointing out the following: variation of definitions in different regulations, inconsistency of principles in existing laws and regulations, legal vacuum concerning government subsidy, environment protection, safety and security, and other operational areas such as aerial club, sightseeing, and search and rescue. In this process, the paper argues that a coherent, consistent and systematic legal framework is required in order to ensure fair competition and safety for a healthy, progressive and sustainable general aviation growth. Suggestions for rectification and improvement are proposed.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.9.1-9.14
• /
• 2015

The so-called "Needham's Grand Question" (NGQ) can be formulated as why modern science was developed in Europe despite the earlier successes of science and technology in ancient China. Numerous answers have been proposed. In this review, it will be pointed out that traditional Chinese natural philosophy (TCNP) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are in fact dealing with problems of highly complex dynamical systems of Nature and human beings. Due to the lack of mathematical machinery in dealing with such complex phenomena, a holistic approach was taken by ancient Chinese instead. It was very successful for the first eighteen centuries. In the recent three centuries, however, the reductionist and mechanistic viewpoints of Western natural philosophy, sciences, and medicine have been prevalent all over the world up to now. The main obstacle in preventing the advancement of TCM, TCNP and its sciences is actually the lacking of proper mathematical tools in dealing with complex dynamical systems. Fortunately, the tools are now available and a "chaotic wave theory of fractal continuum" has been proposed recently. To give the theory an operational meaning, three basic laws of TCNP are outlined. These three laws of wave/field interactions contrast readily with those of Newton's particle collisions. Via the proposed three laws, TCM, TCNP and its sciences can be unified under the same principles. Finally, an answer to NGQ can be accurately given. It is hoped that this review will help promoting a genuine understanding of natural philosophy, sciences, and medicine in an ecumenical way.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.55-73
• /
• 2010

The thesis examines new innovation of various aspect to overcome lots of problems which come by when we execute simplification of trade procedure and administration fairly. Practical implications regarding the innovation of electronic trade infrastructure are as follows. First, it will propel the standardization of electronic trade section in the technical side and the construction atmosphere of international authentication system must be created. The work process should be redesigned in order to implement export-import procedures that meet the relevant standards. Second, the improvement of system for electronic process is necessary in the law and institutional aspect. In order to eliminate any obstacles to the trade procedure, clearer legal grounds regarding legitimate controls and minimum necessity must be established. Also, laws should be revised to admit mutual recognition among certification organizations, in lieu of international agreement-based mutual recognition between government. Third, the detailed improvement for the integration of the electronic trade infrastructure will be demanded. Additionally, user-centered quality management protocols should be established via connections with the systems already existing in governmental bodies. Fourth, various trade institution should harmonized and interconnected with other partners through mutual cooperation for standardization of operational system. A system which can monitor and remotely diagnose and resolve system errors should be established to provide tailor-made service and improve operational efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary to build a cooperative system to share information and promote comprehensive management for efficient operation.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2004

The flight control system designed for an unmanned airship, which is under development by KARI, is in reduced. First, the dynamic characteristics of the airship are addressed, which are fairly different from those of the nominal aircraft. In order to implement autonomous flight for the unmanned airship, flight control logic is designed including autopilot and guidance law. The autopilot is designed under consideration of the velocity region of the unmanned airship. The guidance laws are implemented in main operational modes such as point navigation, station keeping and spiral up/down for emergency return. Their simulation results are also presented in order to validate performances of the flight control system.