• 제목/요약/키워드: operating center distance

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Predicting Successful Conservative Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

  • Ko, Chang Seok;Kim, Kyu Min;Lee, Jong Won;Lee, Han Shin;Lee, Sae Byul;Sohn, Guiyun;Kim, Jisun;Kim, Hee Jeong;Chung, Il Yong;Ko, Beom Seok;Son, Byung Ho;Ahn, Seung Do;Kim, Sung-Bae;Kim, Hak Hee;Ahn, Sei Hyun
    • Journal of Breast Disease
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether clinicopathological factors are potentially associated with successful breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and develop a nomogram for predicting successful BCS candidates, focusing on those who are diagnosed with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors during the pre-NAC period. Methods: The training cohort included 239 patients with an HR-positive, HER2-negative tumor (${\geq}3cm$), and all of these patients had received NAC. Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: diffuse, suspicious, malignant microcalcification (extent >4 cm); multicentric or multifocal breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; distant metastases at the time of diagnosis; excisional biopsy prior to NAC; and bilateral breast cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the possible predictors of BCS eligibility after NAC, and the regression model was used to develop the predicting nomogram. This nomogram was built using the training cohort (n=239) and was later validated with an independent validation cohort (n=123). Results: Small tumor size (p<0.001) at initial diagnosis, long distance from the nipple (p=0.002), high body mass index (p=0.001), and weak positivity for progesterone receptor (p=0.037) were found to be four independent predictors of an increased probability of BCS after NAC; further, these variables were used as covariates in developing the nomogram. For the training and validation cohorts, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.833 and 0.786, respectively; these values demonstrate the potential predictive power of this nomogram. Conclusion: This study established a new nomogram to predict successful BCS in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Given that chemotherapy is an option with unreliable outcomes for this subtype, this nomogram may be used to select patients for NAC followed by successful BCS.

A Numerical Study on Analysis of Low Frequency Aero-acoustic Noise for a HAWT of NREL Phase VI (NREL Phase VI 수평축 풍력터빈의 저주파 공력소음 해석에 관한 수치적 연구)

  • Mo, Jang-Oh;Lee, Young-Ho
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.33 no.8
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    • pp.1170-1179
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this work is to predict the low frequency aero-acoustic noise generated from the horizontal axis wind turbine, NREL Phase VI for the whole operating conditions of various wind speeds using large eddy simulation and Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings model provided in the commercial code, FLUENT. Because there is no experimental data about wind turbine noise, we first of all compared aerodynamic performance such as shaft torque and power with experimentally measured value. Performance results show a good agreement with experimental data within about 0.8%. As the wind speed increases, the overall sound pressure level and the sound pressure level by the quadrupole and dipole source show a increasing tendency. Also, sound pressure level is proportional to $r^{-2}$ in the near field and $r^{-1}$ in the far field according to the increase of distance from the center of hub of wind turbine. According to 2 times increase of distance, sound pressure level is reduced by about 6dB.

Axial and Radial Distributions of Bubble Holdup in a Slurry Bubble Column with Pilot Plant Scale (파일럿규모 슬러리 기포탑에서 기포체류량의 축방향, 반경방향 분포)

  • Lim, Dae-Ho;Jang, Ji-Hwa;Kang, Yong;Jun, Ki-Won
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.200-205
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    • 2011
  • Axial and radial distributions of bubble holdup were investigated in a slurry bubble column with pilot plant scale(D=1.0 m). Effects of gas velocity, surface tension of continuous liquid medium and solid fraction in the slurry phase on the axial and radial distributions of bubble holdup were examined. The bubble holdup decreased with increasing radial dimensionless distance from the center of the column, while it increased with increasing dimensionless distance in the axial direction from the distributor, in all the cases studied. The radial non-uniformity of bubble holdup increased with increasing gas velocity but decreasing surface tension of liquid medium, while it was not dependent upon the solid fraction in the slurry phase. The axial non-uniformity of bubble holdup increased with increasing gas velocity, but it does not change considerably with variations of liquid surface tension or solid fraction in the slurry phase . The axial and radial distributions of bubble holdup were well correlated in terms of operating variables within this experimental conditions.

A Study on the Reviesd Methods of Missing Rainfall Data for Real-time Forecasting Systems (실시간 예보 시스템을 위한 우량자료 보정 기법 연구)

  • Han, Myoung-Sun;Kim, Chung-Soo;Kim, Hyoung-Seop;Kim, Hwi-Rin
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.131-139
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    • 2009
  • The weather accidents by global warming effect are increasing rapidly whole world. Flood forcasting system and hydrological database are operated by almost all the countries in the world. An objective of this study is to research revised methods of missing rainfall data and find more effective revised method for this operating system. 194 rainfall data of the Han river basin is used. Arithmetic average method, coefficient of correlation weighting method and inverse distance weighting method are compared to estimate revised methods. The result from the analysis shows that coefficient of correlation weighting method is best quantitatively among the 3 methods.

Radio transmission link design based on a test bed considering a multi-beam active phase array antenna (다중빔 능동위상배열 안테나를 고려한 테스트베드 기반 Radio 전송링크 설계)

  • Youn, Jong-Taek;Kim, Yongi;Park, Hongjun;Park, Juman
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.25 no.11
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    • pp.1574-1580
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    • 2021
  • This paper designs and presents the results of an air network simulation radio transmission link applied with a multi-beam active phase array antenna simulator in a testbed system for verifying an air network currently underway as a technology development task. Using the Ku band, the Radio transmission link was designed in consideration of the link budget to satisfy the requirements for the system being developed. Considering short-distance links and long-distance links, the required EIRP and G/T performance scales of multi-beam repeaters and mission planes were applied to confirm the minimum and maximum link margins based on Eb/No. In this Radio Transmission Link design, the application analysis results such as rainfall availability are used to effectively establish standards when selecting the operating radius of the multi-beam relay system and related system standards.

Effect of Operating Condition of Airblast Atomizer on Twin spray characteristics and interaction (공기충돌형 연료분사장치의 운용조건이 이중분무특성과 간섭효과에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, S.G.;Han, J.S.;Kim, Y.;Park, J.B.
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 1999
  • The effect of operating condition was studied experimently on the characteristics of twin sprays ejected from two airblast atomizers, within the range of the mass air-fuel ratio 1.36∼3.54. Water and nitrogen gas were used as test fluids for the experiments. Spray characteristics of liquid spray were measured with measurement of mass distribution and instantaneous image of the spray cone. Experimental results show that the maximum specify of the distribution were lowered but distributed over the larger area when the ROA ratio increased, Center of mass position did not change with increasing water mass flow, Increase of the nozzle distance has an small effect on mass distribution of interaction area but distributed over the larger area. It was also conformed that the effect of interaction near central point of collision decreased with the increase of the ROA ratio on interaction area from comparison using superposition method

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A Fundamental Study on Advanced VTS System through Statistic Analyzing Traffic Accidents in VTS area (해양사고 통계분석을 통한 VTS 개선방안에 관한 기초연구)

  • Lee, Hyong-Ki;Chang, Seong-Rok;Park, Young-Soo
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.33 no.8
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    • pp.519-524
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    • 2009
  • Although it is expected to provide fundamental data for advanced VTS system by analyzing traffic accidents in VTS area, there is no quantitative analysis to find it.. In this research, it is examined and analyzed marine casualties records(1999-2004), data of Port-MIS and data of each VTS center. The results of this research are as below. 1) It is necessary to reduce traffic accident and to improve VTS operating system. 2) It is discovered for statistical discrepancy between vessels controlled by VTS and vessels not controlled by VTS in accident cause, visibility, perception distance and cause of late perception in collision accidents 3) It is necessary for VTS assistance to be positive and to made in ample time consecutively. 4) As the result of traffic accident prediction model, it is necessary to develop a system improving VTS operators' ability to identify dangerous ships.

The Interaction Effects Between Two Vessels in the Proximity of Bank Wall in Restricted Waterways (제한수역에서 측벽부근을 항해하는 두 선박간의 상호영향)

  • Lee Chun-Ki;Yoon Jeom一Dong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2004
  • The manoeuvring of vessels and hydrodynamic interaction between them and bank wall in restricted waterways have been treated as important factors in channel design and safe piloting in the water areas. This paper examines the interaction forces and moments acting on two vessels running closely in the proximity if bank wall. The object if this paper is to propose a guideline of safe velocity if vessels and distance between them for navigating safely in confined sea areas.

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Analysis on Proper Cable Arrangement and Duct Distance to Maximize Ampacity of Underground Distribution Cable (지중배전케이블의 허용전류용량 증대를 위한 적정 회선배치 및 관로 이격거리 분석)

  • Jo, Ara;Moon, Won-Sik;Lee, Seung-Jae;Kim, Jae-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2016
  • Power demand has continuously increased with technological and economical development. The load density is also growing in the center of downtown area. In particular, underground facilities have been increased on the purpose of the prevention of urban disasters and pedestrian environment improvement. Based on this situation, the underground space in urban surroundings has gradually decreased because of the limited space. The ampacity of buried cables is affected by various factors such as cable size, soil thermal resistance, burial depth and filling material. The thermal capacity of the facilities is determined by the absorb heat surrounding the cable and the soil. The maximum operating temperature of cable is the highest temperature when the insulator of cable is not damaged in the case of high enough temperature. In this paper, the most effective cabling configuration is suggested using the duct array adjustment. It was also considered to increase the number of cable line. This underground distribution system was simulated by using ETAP(Electrical Transient Analysis Program).

The Analysis of Temperature Characteristics of a Superconducting Power Supply Due to the Eddy Current (와전류에 의한 초전도 전원장치의 온도특성 해석에 관한 연구)

  • O, Yun-Sang;Bae, Joon-Han;Song, Myung-Kon;Ji, Chang-Sub;Kim, Ho-Min;Ko, Tae-Kuk
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1996.07a
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    • pp.175-177
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    • 1996
  • This paper is studied on the numerical analysis of temperature distribution on the Nb-foil due to the eddy current under operating a superconducting power supply. The increase of rotating speed and magnetic flux above critical magnetic field lead to the temperature rising in the normal spot, the heat was distributed in the region of 30% distance from the center of the normal spot, but the most of the heat was transferred to LHe. Under operation of the sc power supply, the increase of rotation speed has the more influence on the temperature rising than that of magnetic flux. we can conclude that the totaling speed of normal spot is the main design consideration of the sc power supply, and get the optimal value of rotating speed.

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