• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in the body perception of young children using a short-term longitudinal design, then to investigate the factors related to their body perception. Methods: Participants were 65 preschool children and their mothers that were recruited from five institutions. An 11-month, two-time point longitudinal design was used in which children were interviewed individually to examine the changes in body perception. At the second time point, children were assessed with an additional measure to investigate self-esteem, and their mothers also reported on maternal factors and children's media experience through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent t-test, correlations and ANOVA. Results: The results showed a significant decline of children's negative body perception over time. Children's media experience was positively correlated with negative body perception. Mothers whose children showed higher body mass index (BMI) sent more verbal messages about their child's weight reduction. In addition, children's negative body perception was positively correlated with physical self-esteem. Finally, there was a significant difference in only the physical self-esteem according to the level of children's body perception. Conclusion/Implications: The findings would suggest theoretical and practical implications to support intervention and education programs to improve the body image of young children.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mother's depression, mother's negative self-acceptance, and father's psychological health perceived by mother, meditated by marital quality, on children's internalizing & externalizing behaviors. On the basis of precious literature, the theoretical model was specified and estimated. Subjects of this study consisted of 285 preschool children's mothers(160 boys and 125 girls aged from 5- to 7-year-old) drawn from fine child-care centers in Chung-ju City. The results were as following: Mother's depression was a statistically significant factor directly influencing on children's internalizing & externalizing behaviors and indirectly influencing on children's internalizing behavior through the marital quality. 2. Mother's negative self-acceptance was a statistically significant factor indirectly influencing on children's internalizing behavior through the marital quality. However, it did not haute any effects on either children's internalizing behavior or externalizing behaviors. 3. Father's psychological health perceived by mother was a statistically significant factor indirectly influencing on children's internalizing behaviors through the marital quality and directly influencing on children's externalizing behaviors. 4 Marital quality was strongly related to children's internalizing behaviors both directly and indirectly, however, it was not statistically associated with children's externalizing behaviors. Therefore, the model showed marital quality can be a mediating variable for children's internalizing behaviors only. The findings of results is to generate more broad-minded thinking about how mother's psychological factors, marital quality, and children's internalizing behaviors are interrelated.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1998

This study intended to investigate the pediatric drug dispensing practice at hospital pharmacies in order to provide the children with proper pharmaceutical care services. According to the study results, the most significant problem in dispensing pediatric drugs was that only a few pediatric drugs were supplied by the pharmaceutical companies in Korea. It was found that pediatric drugs like rifampicin, phenobarbital and theophylline should be produced in the form of syrup or powder, for the children to swallow drugs with ease. The study results also showed that only $35.5\%$ of the hospital pharmacists reviewed all the prescriptions issued by doctors. In most cases $(65.3\%)$ drug information was only provided when the patients asked to the pharmacists. The lack of working time and clinical information on the patients were found as major barriers. Thus in order to provide better pharmaceutical care services for the children, not only the pharmaceutical companies should pay attention to the production of pediatric drugs, but pharmacists should make every efforts on playing patient-oriented roles.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.40-64
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to compare the different environment among the young children of large and small cities and rural areas in Korea, in order to know how these different environment have an effect on the children's intellectual and emotional development. For this subjects, 2,700 questionares with 51 items were distributed to the infants' mothers in each area to interview and answer. About 1,800 questionaires were gathered from 3 metropolitan, 6 cities and 6 rural areas in (each 2 farming, fishing and mining villages) The results of analyzing these questionaires were like following; 1. The average number of children of each family was 2.5 in large cities, 3.0 in small cities and 3.6 in the rural areas. 2. White about 75% of infants' parents of large cities graduated college education, only 6% of the rural parents did it. Most infants' parents of the rural areas have only graduated the elementary school. 3. About 90% of the rural, small and large cities family have had radios and T.V sets, and 90% of infants watched T.V program for 2 hours a day in average. 4. While about 50% of large cities' young children were not reared by their mother's milk but by milk and other foods, about 95% of rural infants by breasting mills. 5. Young children of large cities were wearing about 5 months earlier than those of the rural. 6. While 20% children of cities were taught in the kindergarten, most children of the rural areas could not be taught in the kindergarten. 7. About 45% young children of the rural areas and cities were understood and taught reading, writing letters and numbers by their parents, brothers and sisters before entering primary school. 8. While 50% young children of large cities have had pianos and were taught music in kindergarten or piano tutor's, most of the rural areas have not had pianos and could not be taught music. 9. Most children's favorite music songs were T.V signals or C.M songs in both the rural and cities. 10. While most children of cities have had lots of children's pictures or fairy tale books. most infants of the rural areas have had nothing or a few. 11. As lots of infants could not find their pleasure resorts of sport tools outside, they used to play in side streets or publicroads with their friends. 12. While most infant's parents in cities wanted to make their infants lawyer or medicine doctor, most parents in rural areas wanted to make their children teacher or technician. 13. About a half of Korean infants have had their own rooms or have lived in it together with their brother or sister. In conclusion, as children of large cities have had more various kinds of cultural circumstances than the rural areas in aspects of cultural institutions' tools and environment of their parents' education, books, toys, pleasure resorts and their own rooms, the intellectual development of the former could be considered to surpass those of the latter. In other words, the average IQ points of urban's young children are 10 point higher than those of the rural areas, which means the better circumstance would affect the infant's intellectual development. Therefore, the government must support to make good circumstances of the children in the rural areas.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2008

This study intends to analyze the importance of design on the basis of the children' emotion, by instancing the child-oriented furniture that contributes to the healthy growing and emotion-development of children. This means the reflection of the will trying to see the main point of design for the child-oriented furniture and it's possibility from another new standpoint. It will be understood how far the furniture influences the children and for that the furniture among others for the preschool children having playing & leaning functions is taken as an object of the study. The scope of study is the child-oriented furniture having playing & learning functions that has been presented for displaying as well as for a commercial use, since 2005. The attempt to find objective factors working positively for the emotion- & behavior development of children through seeking a new design of the child-oriented furniture for playing & learning is for emphasizing the importance of the emotional function, not only the primary function of furniture, at designing the child-oriented furniture. The combination between applications of the specialized material for child education & studies, therefore, has to be handled more importantly. The child-oriented furniture for playing & leaning that stimulates a healthy growing of child not only physically, also emotionally should be constantly and more deeply specialized on child education and design aspects.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2000

Femoral hernia is very rare in children and is easily misdiagnosed. During a period of three years, three children with femoral hernia were treated by one pediatric surgeon at Severance Hospital. Only one case was diagnosed correctly before surgery, and the others were thought to be either an indirect inguinal hernia or groin mass. Curative hernioplasty (McVay hernioplasty) could be done in only one case at the time of first operation. Diagnosis of femoral hernia in children is a challenge because of rarity and similarity of clinical presentation to indirect inguinal hernia. Co-incidental findings of indirect inguinal hernia sac or patent processus vaginalis during surgery can perpetuate the misdiagnosis. In case of absence of expected indirect inguinal hernia or apparent recurrence of indirect inguinal hernia, one should consider the possibility of femoral hernia.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the health status and health behaviors of preschoolers to provide baseline data for developing health promotion programs. Method: Parents of children attending day-care centers were recruited for the study. Participating day-care centers were selected using a stratified sampling method. Data was collected from June to August 2002 using a questionnaire. Result: Among 754 preschoolers, 17.3% were overweight, while 18.2% were underweight. The most frequent infectious diseases that children have had previously were hand-foot-mouth disease (20.2%) and chicken pox (18.7%). Current health conditions that children have frequently are respiratory disease (28%) and atopic dermatitis (23.8%). Only 61% brush their teeth everyday at bedtime, 54.3% wash their hands every time after returning home, 8.8% wear bicycle helmets, 9.3% use a child car seat, and 8.1% eat fruits and vegetables five times a day. Children residing in the metropolitan area were more likely to have positive health behaviors, and children of parents with an advanced college level education were more likely to have positive health behaviors than those with only a high school level education. Conclusion: Based on the study results, health professionals could plan and develop health promotion programs to change unhealthy behaviors of preschoolers targeting high-risk groups.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among mothers' play beliefs, children's gender and home play frequency, and their preferences for three types of play. Methods: Totally 256 mothers of 5-year-olds participated in the survey in metropolitan area. Data were analyzed with t-test, Pearson's correlations, and stepwise multi-regression using SPSS 22.0. Results: First, boys and girls showed little difference in their home play experiences. Boys preferred active and rough play, while girls preferred quiet play. Second, mothers' play beliefs and children's home play frequency had partial correlations with children's play preferences. Third, predictors of children's play preferences were influenced by the types of play. Children's gender and mothers' play beliefs affected children's preference for active play. Only gender explained children's preference for rough play. Finally, children's gender, home play frequency, and mothers' play beliefs influence children's preference for quiet play. Conclusion: In conclusion, gender is an important factor of children's play preferences, and mothers' play beliefs and children's home play frequency affect their preferences for a specific type of play.

• 아동학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2014

This study examined the influences of eye-contact upon the relationship between mothers' control behaviors and emotions of preschool children. The participants of this study were 66 children aged 6, and their mothers. The children and mothers were observed taking part in a writing task for 15 minutes, and two coders analyzed the amount of eye-contact between children and mothers, mothers' verbal and nonverbal support and coercive control, and children's emotions in the task setting. The results showed that mothers' coercive control and nonverbal support significantly accounted for children's negative and positive emotions, respectively. In addition, the interaction between eye-contact and mothers' verbal support was significant. In particular, mothers' behaviors significantly affected children's emotions only when eye-contact occurred. Mothers' behaviors in the absence of eye-contact did not affect children's emotions. The discussion section included an analysis of the social function of eye-contact on the verbal and nonverbal communication between mothers and children, and suggestions for future study were also presented.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of the children's perceived parenting behaviors on their aggression. Subjects were 309 (156 boys and 153 girls) 5th and 6th grade elementary school children living in Jellanamdo. The questionnaire for the children's parenting behavior evaluation and their aggression was used. The data were analyzed by frequencies, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, t-test and multiple regression. Results showed that the children perceived their parents affectionately and rationally and especially, they perceived their mother affectionately and rationally than their father. Meantime, the children perceived their aggression at a low level on the whole. Parenting behavior and children's aggression differed according to the gender. Fathers' coercive and mothers' permissive parenting predicted the children's proactive aggression. Fathers' coercive, affective and mother's aggression-compensatory parenting predicted children's reactive aggression. Fathers' coercive parenting was only significant predictor for the children's relational aggression and fathers' coercive, aggression- compensatory parenting predicted children's total aggression. Fathers' participation for reducing children's aggression was discussed.