• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2004

Transplantings of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings are required for higher germinability and uniformity. This study was done to determine effects of various seed treatments (seed cleaning, priming, GA$_3$, prechilling, drying, and light quality during seed drying) on germination and seedling emergence. Nongwoodaego and Changnyungdaego were used as cultivars for checking seed germination, and two cultivars and Cheonjuguhyeonghwang were investigated with seedling production rate. Seed cleaning using water prior to the other treatments greatly increased germination rate. Priming with 200mM Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ solution somewhat alleviated the germination rate while GA$_3$ did not. Prechilling had the highest rate among the treatments. Seed drying after prechilling enhanced the rate compared to non drying, and during drying the prechilled seeds red light illumination showed the greatest rate in comparison with dark, blue, and far-red ones. Seedling production rate was enhanced in sequential treatments of seed cleaning, prechilling for 3 to 5 days, and red light treatment during 6 hour seed drying.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2009

This study was undertaken the effect of high temperature and high humidity on protein expression and especially plasma membrane (PM) $H^{+}ATPase$ of umbel with flowers of early cultivar 'Shinsunhwang' and intermediate cultivar 'Maebsihwang' of onion (Allium cepa L.). There were no visible any difference on the protein pattern from before flowering stage to full flowering stage of two onion cultivars, however, seed set stages were revealed induced/deduced protein patterns. At day 18, protein expression pattern of the high temperature and high humidity treatments of two cultivars was significantly reduced compared to controls. Furthermore, various protein expression of the high temperature treatment was more reduced compared to high humidity treatment. PM $H^{+}ATPase$ expression of the control plants of two onion cultivars was clearly shown, but was not detectable under high temperature treatment of the two onion cultivars using western blot analysis. PM $H^{+}ATPase$ expression of the high humidity treatment was faintly detected intermediate cultivar 'Maebsihwang', not early cultivar 'Shinsunhwang'. These results indicate that protein expression pattern and PM $H^{+}ATPase$ under high temperature treatment was considered to be more damaged compared to high humidity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

Postharvest decay of onion bulbs was examined by inspecting the commercial packages in the market or in storage. Bulb rot incidence was unexpectedly high, and onion bulbs with 1st quality grade were rotten most severely by 51%, followed by 32% for 2nd and 21% for 3rd grades. This indicates that larger bulbs had higher incidences of bulb rots. Major pathogens associated with basal and neck rots were Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus sp. or Botrytis allii, respectively, of which basal rot was most prevalent and damaging during storage. Among the epiphytic microorgani는 from onion plants, several Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. and previously selected Pseudomonas putida and Trichoderma harzianum had inhibitory efficacy against bulb rot pathogens. Among these B. amyloliquefaciens BL-3, Paenibacillus polymyxa BL-4, and P. putida Cha 94 were highly inhibitory to conidial germination of F. oxysporum and B. allii. P. putida Cha 94, B. amyloliquefaciens BL-3, P. polymyxa BL-4, and T. harzianum TM were applied in the rhizoplane of onion at transplanting. Initially antagonist populations decreased rapidly during the first one month. However, among these antagonists, rhizoplane population densities of BL-3, Cha 94, and TM were consistently high thereafter, maintaining about 10$^4$-10$^{5}$ cells or spores per gram of onion root up to harvest time. The other bacterial antagonist BL-4 survived only for two months. TM was the most effective biocontrol agent against basal rot, with the number of rotten bulbs recorded at 4%, while that of the control was 16%. Cha 94 was effective for the first 20 days, but basal rot increased thereafter and had about the same control efficacy as that of BL-3 and BL-4. When the antagonists were applied to the topping areas of onion bulbs at harvest, TM was the most effective in protecting the stored onion bulbs from neck rotting. The second effective antagonist was BL-3. TM and BL-3 completely suppressed the neck rot in another test, suggesting that biocontrol of postharvest decay of onion using these microorganisms either at the time of transplanting or at harvesting may be promising.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 1987

The present paper was investigated to elucidate the nitrite-scavenging ability of vegetable extracts. Vegetable extracts possessed the scavenging ability of nitrite. By fractionatioh of vegetable extracts,nitrite-scavenging ability of garlic (Allitum sativum for. Pekinense), chinese pepper (Zanthexylum schinifolium), onion (Allium cepa), welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts were effective in the water-soluble fraction, but carrot (Daucus carota uar. sativa) in the methanol-soluble fraction. Nitrite-scavenging ability of vegetable extracts was also pH-dependent, highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. Particularly, nitrite-scavenging abilities of water-soluble fractions obtained from garlic and chinese pepper were similar to that of L-ascorbic acid at pH 1.2. After vegetable extracts were treated with sodium borohydride, nitrite-scavenging ability was remarkably decreased at pH 1.2. It is assumed that reducing powers of vegetable extracts participated in their nitritescavenging abilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1612-1620
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• 2015

Inflammation is a complex process involving a variety of immune cells, which defend the body from harmful stimuli. However, pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators can also exacerbate diseases such as cancer. Onion peel contains several phenolic compounds, including quercetin at an amount 20 times greater in peel than edible flesh. Therefore, in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of onion peel ethanol extract (OPEE) were investigated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. In our results, NO production decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Secretion of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$ was suppressed by 44%, 53%, and 60% respectively, at $100{\mu}g/mL$. Moreover, OPEE also suppressed expression of COX-2, iNOS, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and MAPKs in a dose-dependent manner. Formation of mice ear edema was reduced at the highest dose tested compared to the control, and reduction of ear thickness was observed in the histological analysis as well. In the acute toxicity test, no morality was observed in mice administered 5,000 mg/kg body weight of OPEE over a 2-week observation period. These results suggest that OPEE may have significant effects on inflammatory factors and be a potential anti-inflammatory material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1565-1572
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• 2010

Onion (Allium cepa L.) production in Korea has increased gradually over the past 15 years, placing second in food consumption survey with 20.6 g daily intake in 2006. Onions, used as an ingredient in many dishes and accepted by almost all traditions and cultures, have been reported to have a range of health benefits which include anticarcinogenic, antiasthmatic, antibiotic, and antioxidative effects. These effects may be attributable to a powerful flavonoid pigment-containing compounds, such as quercetin and alk(en)yl cysteine sulphoxides (ACSOs). Although antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of onion have been confirmed by many of in vitro or animal studies, only a few human intervention studies have been examined. The majority of human studies identified that onion improves some cardiovascular markers such as lipid profile and platelet coagulant. With regard to antioxidative effects, somewhat positive effects are confirmed through strengthening the resistance of oxidative DNA damage in lymphocyte and urine, while most studies failed to find inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation. The discrepancies among studies might be ascribed to producing area, processing methods of onion, dosage, subject characteristics, study duration, and measurement methods. In this review, we focused on the preventive effect of cardiovascular disease through onion consumption in human intervention studies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2001

This study was intended to evaluate the relationship environmental condition and growth characteristics of seed treatment seed in direct sowing with different sowing date, and to suggest new cultivation model. The emergence percentage and hours were down as the delayed sowing date. Optimum sowing time was Sep. 10, and sowing must end before Sep. 20 for safety yield. When did sowing ended before Sep.20 in direct sowing cultivation, the seedling growth(SG) and No of roots of direct sowing seedling were larger than transplanting cultivation . At March 8 evaluated seedling, the SG of direct sowing seedling was higher than transplanting, and at Sep. 2(1 those were similar. The missing plant rate in transplanting cultivation was under 3 %, and that in direct sowing cultivation was about 13∼18%, and the extent were sever as delayed sowing date. The bulb fresh weight was decreased as delayed sowing, and those in direct sowing and transplanting cultivation were 230, 217g, respectively. The blot rate was high in direct sowing cultivation, and that was decreased as delayed sowing. The yield in direct sowing and transplanting cultivation were 5,134, 5,300kg, respectively, and those were decreased as delayed sowing. The average yield in early and medium-late maturity cultivars were 3,750, 4,908kg, respectively, and Sonic was highest yield in early maturity cultivars and Nongwoodego was highest in medium-late maturity cultivars. The emergence weed were 9 species as Loportea bulbifera Weddell and others, and Loported bulbifera Weddell, Digitaria violascens Link and Persicaria longiseta Kitagawa were dominant species in direct sowing cultivation with black hole vinyl mulching

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2006

It is very important to improve fertilizer use efficiency for the saving of fertilizers and for environmental purposes as well. However, there was no effective ways for the fertilization in the mid of growth under the plastic film mulching cultivation so far. For this, a Band Spotty Fertilization (BSF) machine was developed recently. So, we tried to establish a low input fertilization technique using this BSF machine in the vinyl mulching cultivation of onion (Allium cepa L.). Fertilization efficiency, soil properties, and crop yield were examined and compared among treatments from 2000 to 2001. The content of exchangeable K in soils were higher after fertilization but that of available $P_2O_5$ was lower than before the experiment in all plots. The content of nitrate-N was highest at the early growth stage, and higher in BSF plots than that of conventional fertilization (CF). BSF plot showed higher growth rate, and uptake amount of nitrogen of onion by 59-69% than that of CF. N use efficiency in BSF was higher in the order of two time-split application, one time-split application, and three time application. K use efficiency was high 13-17% BSF plots than that in CF($63kg\;ha^{-1}$) plots. The amount of residual N in soils was high by 8-14% in BSF plots compared to that in CF plots, and the loss of N was lowered 26-34% by BSF. Also, the amount of residual K in soils was high by 13-18% and the loss of K was low by 29-31% in BSF plots compared to that in CF plots. The yield of onions increased by 7-13% by BSF due to increased diameter and weight of bulbs. As the results, N fertilization efficiency increased by 22-42% by BSF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1552-1563
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• 2016

To examine the cognitive function of onion (Allium cepa L.) beverages (odourless and fortified), we analyzed in vitro neuronal cell protection against $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity and performed in vivo tests on amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Cellular oxidative stress and cell viability were evaluated by DCF-DA assay and MTT assay. These results show that fortified beverage resulted in better neuronal cell protection than odourless beverage at lower concentration ($0{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$). Fortified beverage also showed more excellent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$: 4.20 mg/mL) than odourless beverage. The cognitive functions of odourless beverage and fortified beverage in $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity were assessed by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. The results show improved cognitive function in both groups treated with beverages. After in vivo tests, cholinergic activities were determined based on AChE inhibition and acetylcholine levels, and antioxidant activities were measured as SOD, oxidized glutathione (GSH)/total GSH ratio, and MDA levels in mouse brain tissue. In a Q-TOF UPLC/MS system, main compounds were analyzed as follows: odourless beverage (five types of sugars and three types of phenolics) and fortified beverages (six types of phenolics and two types of steroidal saponins).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

To obtain regeneration system of onion, we analyzed the effects of 2,4-D and BA concentration on the embryogenic callus induction from mature embryos. The highest embryogenic callus induction ratio was shown on MS medium (Murashie and Skoog 1962) containing $2.5\;\cal{mg/L}\;or\;5\;\cal{mg/L}$ picloram after mature embryos were placed on medium. When induced callus were cultured on half strength of MS medium containing $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ Kinetin, the highest shoot formation ratio was observed on MS medium containing $1\;{mg/L}$ 2,4-D and $1\;{mg/L}$ BA. Embryogenic callus were cultured in MS liquid medium containing $1\;\ccal{mg/L}$ of 2,4-D and $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ BA. The suspension cultured cell clumps could be mass propagated. Embryogenic callus were friable, but non-embryogenic callus included a lot of moisture, hence the identification between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus as easily achieved. When embryogenic callus as cultured on half strength of MS medium containing $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ Kinetin, shoots were induced. The whole plantlet was obtained on rooting medium containing $0.5\;\cal{mg/}$ of NAA.