• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 1992

Clinical experience of 21 patients with infective endocarditis was reviewed. Endocarditis involved the left-sided valve in 16 cases, the right-sided valve in 2, and PDA in the remaining 3 patients. Valve abnormalities included leaflet perforation in 9 patients, chordal rupture in 2,; annular abscess in 6; and aorticoleft atnal perforation in 2. Sixteen patients underwent valve replacement[aortic valve replacement in 7 patients, mitral replacement in 4 and double valve replacement in 5], two had VSD closure with pulmonary valve excision, three had ductus arteriousus closure. The patients were classified into two groups. I ] Healed endocarditis group: including the patients who had completed a planned cou-rseof antibiotic therapy[N=10], II ] Active endocarditis group: patients in which operations were performed prior to completetion of antibiotic treatment course[N=11]. The indications for operation included congestive heart failure, embolism, and persistent sepsis. Organisms were predominantly streptococcus[N=5] and staphylococcus [N=4] followed by candida, moraxella, and E-coli. By NYHA functional classification, all patients were in Class III or IV preoperatively. There was only one operative mortality in patient from group II. All patients substantially, improved postoperatively with NYHA classification in class I or II. This study shows that early surgical intervention in patients with active endocarditis has desirable outcome.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

인터넷이 발달함에 따라, IoT, 클라우드 등과 같은 다양한 IT 기술들이 개발되었고, 이러한 기술들을 사용하여 국가와 여러 기업들에서는 다양한 시스템을 구축하였다. 해당 시스템들은 방대한 양의 데이터들을 생성하고, 공유하기 때문에 시스템에 들어있는 중요한 데이터들을 보호하기 위해 위협을 탐지할 수 있는 다양한 시스템이 필요하였으며, 이에 대한 연구가 현재까지 활발히 진행되고 있다. 대표적인 기술로 이상 탐지와 오용 탐지를 들 수 있으며, 해당 기술들은 기존에 알려진 위협이나 정상과는 다른 행동을 보이는 위협들을 탐지한다. 하지만 IT 기술이 발전함에 따라 시스템을 위협하는 기술들도 점차 발전되고 있으며, 이러한 탐지 방법들을 피해서 위협을 가한다. 지능형 지속 위협(Advanced Persistent Threat : APT)은 국가 또는 기업의 시스템을 공격하여 중요 정보 탈취 및 시스템 다운 등의 공격을 수행하며, 이러한 공격에는 기존에 알려지지 않았던 악성코드 및 공격 기술들을 적용한 위협이 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 알려지지 않은 위협을 탐지하기 위한 이상 탐지와 오용 탐지를 결합한 하이브리드 침입 탐지 시스템을 제안한다. 두 가지 탐지 기술을 적용하여 알려진 위협과 알려지지 않은 위협에 대한 탐지가 가능하게 하였으며, 기계학습을 적용함으로써 보다 정확한 위협 탐지가 가능하게 된다. 오용 탐지에서는 Classification based on Association Rule(CBA)를 적용하여 알려진 위협에 대한 규칙을 생성하였으며, 이상 탐지에서는 One Class SVM(OCSVM)을 사용하여 알려지지 않은 위협을 탐지하였다. 실험 결과, 알려지지 않은 위협 탐지 정확도는 약 94%로 나타난 것을 확인하였고, 하이브리드 침입 탐지를 통해 알려지지 않은 위협을 탐지 할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.33-59
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• 2016

국내 학술회의 논문으로 구성된 문헌집합을 대상으로 기계학습에 기초한 자동분류의 성능에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 검토하였다. 특히 구현이 쉽고 컴퓨터 처리 속도가 빠른 로치오 알고리즘을 사용하여 "한국정보관리학회 학술대회 논문집"의 논문에 주제 범주를 자동 할당하는 분류 성능 측면에서 분류기 생성 방법, 학습집합 규모, 가중치부여 기법, 범주 할당 방법 등 주요 요소들의 특성을 다각적인 실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 분류 환경 및 문헌집합의 특성에 따라 파라미터(${\beta}$, ${\lambda}$)와 학습집합의 크기(5년 이상)를 적절하게 적용하는 것이 효과적이며, 동등한 성능 수준이라면 보다 단순한 단일 가중치부여 기법을 사용하여 분류의 효율성을 높일 수 있음을 발견하였다. 또한 국내 학술회의 논문의 분류는 특정 논문에 하나 이상의 범주가 부여되는 복수-범주 분류(multi-label classification)가 실제 환경에 부합한다고 할 수 있으므로, 이러한 환경을 고려하여 주요 성능 요소들의 특성에 기초한 최적의 분류 모델을 개발할 필요가 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.781-788
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• 2005

LDA는 클래스간 퍼진 정도와 클래스내 퍼진 정도의 비를 최대화하는 변환를 구하는 데이터 구분 기술이다. LDA는 여러 가지 응용에 성공적으로 응용되었지만 그 모델의 단순성과 관련된 두 가지 한계를 가지고 있다. 첫째는 각 클래스의 데이타가 가우시안 분포를 가진다고 가정되므로 복잡한 분포를 갖는 데이타를 구분하는데 실패한다는 것이다. 둘째는 LDA가 클래스의 전체 범위에 대해서 단지 하나의 변환만을 주므로 클래스 기반의 정보를 잃게 된다는 것이다. 본 논문은 위의 문제들을 극복하는 세가지 확장들을 제안한다. 첫 번째 확장은 더 복잡한 분포를 표현할 수 있는 PCA 혼합 모형을 이용하여 클래스내 퍼진 정도를 모델링함으로써 첫째 문제를 극복한다. 두번째 확장은 클래스 기반 특징들을 제공하기 위해서 각 클래스에 대해 다른 변환을 취함으로써 둘째 문제를 극복한다. 셋째 확장은 PCA 혼합 모형의 관점에서 각 클래스를 표현함으로써 앞의 두 확장을 결합하는 것이다. 숫자 인식과 알파벳 인식에 대한 실험에서 LDA의 모든 제안된 확장들이 LDA보다 더 좋은 분류 성능을 보여 주었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

This article deals mainly with two objectives viz, 1) the potentiality of very high-resolution(VHR) multi-spectral and pan chromatic QuickBird satellite data in resources mapping over moderate resolution satellite data (IRS LISS III) and 2) the advantages of using object oriented classification method of eCognition software in land use and land cover analysis over the ISODATA classification method. These VHR data offers widely acceptable metric characteristics for cartographic updating and increase our ability to map land use in geometric detail and improve accuracy of local scale investigations. This study has been carried out in the Sukkalampatti mini-watershed, which is situated in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The eCognition object oriented classification method succeeded in most cases to achieve a high percentage of right land cover class assignment and it showed better results than the ISODATA pixel based one, as far as the discrimination of land cover classes and boundary depiction is concerned.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1167-1175
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• 2018

Microarray data plays an essential role in diagnosing and detecting cancer. Microarray analysis allows the examination of levels of gene expression in specific cell samples, where thousands of genes can be analyzed simultaneously. However, microarray data have very little sample data and high data dimensionality. Therefore, to classify microarray data, a dimensional reduction process is required. Dimensional reduction can eliminate redundancy of data; thus, features used in classification are features that only have a high correlation with their class. There are two types of dimensional reduction, namely feature selection and feature extraction. In this paper, we used k-means algorithm as the clustering approach for feature selection. The proposed approach can be used to categorize features that have the same characteristics in one cluster, so that redundancy in microarray data is removed. The result of clustering is ranked using the Relief algorithm such that the best scoring element for each cluster is obtained. All best elements of each cluster are selected and used as features in the classification process. Next, the Random Forest algorithm is used. Based on the simulation, the accuracy of the proposed approach for each dataset, namely Colon, Lung Cancer, and Prostate Tumor, achieved 85.87%, 98.9%, and 89% accuracy, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed approach is therefore higher than the approach using Random Forest without clustering.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Internal defects such as browning of the flesh and blackening and rot of the ovary of pear can be easily developed because of the inadequate environmental conditions during the storage and distribution of fruit. The quality assurance system for the agricultural product is to be settled in Korea. All defected agricultural products should be excluded prior to the distribution to enhance the commercial values. However, early stage on-line defect detection of agricultural product is very difficult and even more difficult in a case of the internal defects. The goal of this research is to develop a system that can detect and classify internal defects of agricultural produce on-line using VIS/NIR transmittance spectroscopy. And Shingo pear, which is one of the famous species of Korean pear, was used for the experiment. Soft independence modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) algorithm was employed to analyze the transmittance spectroscopic data qualitatively. On-line classification system was constructed and classification model was developed and validated. As a result, the correct classification rate (CCR) using the developed classification model was 96.1 ％.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1988년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.628-631
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• 1988

This paper describes a fingerprint classification on the basis of feature points(whorl, core) and feature vector and uses a syntactic approach to identify the shape of flow line around the core. Fingerprint image is divided into 8 by 8 subregions and fingerprint region is separated from background. For each subregion of fingerprint region, the dominant ridge direction is obtained to use the slit window quantized in 8 direction and relaxation is performed to correct ridge direction code. Feature points(whorl, core, delta) are found from the ridge direction code. First classification procedure divides the types of fingerprint into 4 class based on whorl and cores. The shape of flow line around the core is obtained by tracing for the fingerprint which has one core or two core and is represented as string. If the string is acceptable by LR(1) parser, feature vector is obtained from feature points(whorl, core, delta) and the shape of flow line around the core. Feature vector is used hierarchically and linearly to classify fingerprint again. The experiment resulted in 97.3 percentages of sucessful classification for 71 fingerprint impressions.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2014

Face classification has wide applications in security and surveillance. However, this technique presents various challenges caused by pose, illumination, and expression changes. Face recognition with long-distance images involves additional challenges, owing to focusing problems and motion blurring. Multiple frames under varying spatial or temporal settings can acquire additional information, which can be used to achieve improved classification performance. This study investigates the effectiveness of multi-frame decision-level fusion with photon-counting linear discriminant analysis. Multiple frames generate multiple scores for each class. The fusion process comprises three stages: score normalization, score validation, and score combination. Candidate scores are selected during the score validation process, after the scores are normalized. The score validation process removes bad scores that can degrade the final output. The selected candidate scores are combined using one of the following fusion rules: maximum, averaging, and majority voting. Degraded facial images are employed to demonstrate the robustness of multi-frame decision-level fusion in harsh environments. Out-of-focus and motion blurring point-spread functions are applied to the test images, to simulate long-distance acquisition. Experimental results with three facial data sets indicate the efficiency of the proposed decision-level fusion scheme.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 1993

In order to statistically predict $O_3$ levels in Seoul, the study used the TMS (telemeted air monitoring system) data from the Department of Environment, which have monitored at 20 sites in 1989 and 1990. Each data in each site was characterized by 6 major criteria pollutants ($SO_2, TSP, CO, NO_2, THC, and O_3$) and 2 meteorological parameters, such as wind speed and wind direction. To select proper variables and to determine each pollutant's behavior, univariate statistical analyses were extensively studied in the beginning, and then various applied statistical techniques like cluster analysis, regression analysis, and expert system have been intensively examined. For the initial study of high level $O_3$ prediction, the raw data set in each site was separated into 2 group based on 60 ppb $O_3$ level. A hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to classify the group based on 60 ppb $O_3$ into small calsses. Each class in each site has its own pattern. Next, multiple regression for each class was repeatedly applied to determine an $O_3$ prediction submodel and to determine outliers in each class based on a certain level of standardized redisual. Thus, a prediction submodel for each homogeneous class could be obtained. The study was extended to model $O_3$ prediction for both on-time basis and 1-hr after basis. Finally, an expect system was used to build a unified classification rule based on examples of the homogenous classes for all of sites. Thus, a concept of high level $O_3$ prediction model was developed for one of $O_3$ alert systems.