• 분석과학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2019

Fingerprints may be contaminated with ethanol solutions. In order to solve the case, the law enforcement agency may need to visualize the fingerprint from these samples, but the development method has not been studied. The paper with latent fingerprint was contaminated with ethanol solution and then the blurring of ridge detail was observed. As a result, when the copy paper was contaminated with ethanol solutions of less than 75 % (v/v), the amino acid components of latent fingerprint residue blurred but lipid components of latent fingerprint residue didn't blurred. On the other hand, when the paper was contaminated with ethanol solution of more than 80 % (v/v), the amino acid components of latent fingerprint didn't blurred but the lipid components of latent fingerprint blurred. Therefore, it is found that the paper contaminated with ethanol solutions of less than 75 % (v/v) should be treated by oil red O (ORO) enhancing lipid components, and the paper contaminated with ethanol solutions of 80 % (v/v) or more should be treated by 1,2-indandione/zinc (1,2-IND/Zn) enhancing amino acid components. The blurring of ridge detail was not observed when the fingerprints were deposited with fingers contaminated with ethanol solution. This fingerprints were treated with 1,2-IND/Zn or ORO to compare the latent fingerprint development ability, and using 1,2-IND/Zn was able to visualize the latent fingerprint more clearly than using ORO.

• 분석과학
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2023

젖은 종이류에서는 아미노산 반응 시약으로 지문을 현출할 수 없어 oil red O (ORO)와 같은 지질 염색 시약 또는 physical developer (PD)를 적용해야 한다. 그러나 ORO는 4주 이상 된 오래된 지문에서 효과적이지 않다. 반면 PD는 오래된 지문을 잘 현출하지만 비교적 최근에 남겨진 지문에서는 효과적이지 아니하며, 지문 현출에 오랜 시간이 소요된다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 PD의 한계를 해결하기 위해 vacuum metal deposition (VMD)으로 은을 증착한 후 PD를 적용하여(Ag-PD) PD의 반응성을 높이고자 하였고, 이를 ORO, PD로 현출한 지문과 비교하였다. 그 결과, Ag-PD는 2~8주 동안 보관된 젖은 종이에서 ORO, PD보다우수한지문현출력을보였으며 PD의지문현출시간은 90~150 초로 대폭 감소하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Objectives : Mori Follium (Morus alba L. leaf) has been cultivated in many Asian countries. Especially, mulberry leaf has been used as an anti-diabetic remedy in oriental medicine. However, anti-obesity effect of mulberry has not been unknown. In this study, our objectives of study is to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of mulberry water extract (MLE) and to reveal potential molecular anti-obesity mechanism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation model.Methods : The cytotoxicity of MLE in 3T3-L1 was examined by MTT assay. Anti-adipogenic effect of MLE was evaluated by Oil Red O (ORO) staining. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, inhibitor assay was employed. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors such as PPARγ and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.Results : The MLE treatment for 24 h did not affect to the 3T3-L1 cells at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,000 ㎍/㎖. Thus, non-toxic concentration rages of MLE were used during adipogenesis period (day -2 to 7). Intracellular lipid accumulation in MLE-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (day 6) were quantitatively evaluated by ORO staining. The MLE treatment significantly and dose-dependently suppressed 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by 60.42%, 38.24%, and 5.97% at 10, 100, and 200 ㎍/㎖, respectively. In addition, our inhibitor assay and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the MLE-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through inhibition of PPARγ mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusions : In conclusion, these findings indicate that the MLE could be used in prevent and/or treatment of obesity-related diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

Objectives : Adipogenesis was defined as a differentiation process of preadipocytes into the adipocytes. Thus, to control of this process can be one of the most important strategies to prevent obesity. Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs. Although multiple biological activities of Korean ginseng, particularly ginsenosides, have been known, the anti-adipogenic role and function of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng are still unclear. In this study, we examined anti-adipogenic activity of polysaccharides and its molecular basis mechanisms are further investigated.Methods : The cytotoxicity of KGP in 3T3-L1 was evaluated by MTT assay. Anti-adipogenic effect of KGP was examined by Oil Red O (ORO) staining and microscopy observation in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR). To elucidate the adipogenic molecular mechanism of KGT, SB431542 (TGF-β specific inhibitor) was used.Results : We found that polysaccharides showed no effect on the viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Dose dependent inhibitory effect of polysaccharides on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis was observed as judged by ORO staining and microscopic image analysis. To obtain further mechanistic insight into anti-adipogenic function of polysaccharides, we then tested the effect of polysaccharides treatment on the adipogenic marker genes. The mRNA expressions level of C/EBPα, PPARγ, C/EBPβ, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were dose-dependently inhibited by KGP treatment in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes.Conclusions : In conclusion, these findings suggest that the KGP could be used in treatment of obesity and overweight related diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

이 연구는 고지혈증에 대한 생리 반응의 조절과 관련하여 Dendropanax morbifera 잎의 효과를 비교하기 위한 것이다. 추출물은 표본 연령, 수확시기, 추출 방법에 따라 달랐다. 이 추출물이 처리된 RAW 264.7 세포는 산화 저밀도 지단백질에 의해 자극되었고, 세포 지질 축적은 Oil Red O (ORO) 염색법을 사용하여 정량화되었다. HepG2 세포에서 에탄올을 사용하여 독성을 유도한 다음, 상기와 같이 지질 축적을 정량화하였다. 추출물의 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase 억제 활성을 측정하였다. RAW 264.7 세포에서 가장 지질 축적을 억제한 시료는 8년생 11월 채취 주정 60% 추출물로 처리된 세포에서 관찰되었다. 에탄올로 유도한 HepG2 세포에서 가장 큰 보호효과를 나타낸 시료는 5년생 5월 채취 주정 30% 추출물이었다. 가장 강력한 HMG-CoA reductase 억제 작용을 한 시료는 8년생 5월 채취 열수 100% 추출물이다. 전체적으로 봤을 때 지질 축적 억제는 주정 추출물에서, 콜레스테롤 합성 효소 저해 효과는 열수추출물에서 좋은 효과를 보여 이들 원료를 기반으로 지질 대사 개선 기능성 원료를 개발할 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.92-105
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Daecheongryong-tang (DCRT) on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents by incubating for 2 days in the absence or presence of DCRT ranging 0.25 and 2%. The effect of DCRT on adipogenesis was examined by Oil red O staining, and the protein, RNA, and RT-PCR were measured. Results: Our results showed that DCRT decreased the TG content by ORO staining. To elucidate the mechanism of the effects of DCRT on lowering TG content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we examined the DCRT modulate expressions of transcription factors to induce adipogenesis and adipogenic genes which is related to the regulation of accumulation of lipids. As a result, the expression of SREBP1, C/$EBP{\beta}$, C/$EBP{\delta}$, C/$EBP{\alpha}$, and $PPAR{\gamma}$ genes, which induce the adipose differentiation and adipose-specific aP2, adipsin, LPL, CD36, TGF-${\beta}$ and adiponectin genes which regulates fat formations, were decreased. In addition, DCRT reduced the expression of iNOS and IL-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, resulting in inflammation. Conclusions: DCRT could regulate transcript factor related to induction of adipose differentiation, inhibit the accumulation of lipids and expression of the adipogenic genes.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to confirm whether spontaneous adipocyte generation during chondrogenic induction culture affects the chondrogenic differentiation of porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSSCs). For this purpose, chondrogenic differentiation characteristics and specific marker gene expression were analyzed using cell lines showing different characteristics of spontaneous adipocyte formation. Of the four different lines of pSSCs, the pSSCs-IV line showed higher Oil red O (ORO) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) extraction levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the levels of adipogenic markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 ($PPAR{\gamma}2$) and adipocyte Protein 2 (aP2) mRNAs were significantly higher in pSSCs-IV than those of the other pSSC lines (P<0.05). Among three chondrogenic markers, collagen type II (Col II) and sex determining region Y-box (Sox9) mRNAs were strongly expressed in pSSCs-IV (P<0.05), but not in aggrecan (Agg), which was significantly higher in pSSCs-II (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that the spontaneous adipocyte generation during chondrogenic differentiation has a positive effect on the chondrogenesis of pSSCs. More research is needed on the correlation between adipocyte generation and cartilage formation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the macrophages polarization of traditional Korean medicine on cardiac pain about Geum-Gwe-Yo-Ryak's two prescriptions including Kwaruhaebaekbanha-tang (KHB) and Kwaruhaebaekpaekju-tang (KHP). Materials and methods: Flow cytometry analysis was used to measure the changes in the ratio of M1 type and M2 type macrophages. Protein expression of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured by Western Blot, and ABCA1 and SR-B1 were detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Intracellular lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O staining (ORO staining). Results: KHB and KHP increase anti-oxidative activity related protein levels including Nrf2 and HO-1. Furthermore, KHB and KHP inhibit lipid accumulation on intracellular levels through induction of ATP binding receptor cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) and scavenging receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1), respectively. Finally, KHB and KHP also blocked pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), iNOS and COX-2 expression. Conclusion: This study suggests that KHB and KHP potently regulate the M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Reducing the number of adipocytes by inducing apoptosis of mature adipocytes as well as suppressing differentiation of preadipocytes plays an important role in preventing obesity. This study examines the anti-adipogenic and pro-apoptotic effect of red pepper seed water extract (RPS) prepared at $4^{\circ}C$ (RPS4) in 3T3-L1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Effect of RPS4 or its fractions on lipid accumulation was determined in 3T3-L1 cells using oil red O (ORO) staining. The expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adipogenic associated proteins [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$ (C/EBP ${\alpha}$), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)] were measured in 3T3-L1 cells treated with RPS4. Apoptosis and the expression of Akt and Bcl-2 family proteins [B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2 like protein 4 (Bax), Bal-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak)] were measured in mature 3T3-L1 cells treated with RPS4. RESULTS: Treatment of RPS4 ($0-75{\mu}g/mL$) or its fractions ($0-50{\mu}g/mL$) for 24 h did not have an apparent cytotoxicity on pre and mature 3T3-L1 cells. RPS4 significantly suppressed differentiation and cellular lipid accumulation by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and reducing the expression of $PPAR-{\gamma}$, C/EBP ${\alpha}$, SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC. In addition, all fractions except ethyl acetate fraction significantly suppressed cellular lipid accumulation. RPS4 induced the apoptosis of mature adipocytes by hypophosphorylating Akt, increasing the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bak, Bax, and Bad, and reducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and p-Bad. CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that RPS4 can reduce the numbers as well as the size of adipocytes and might useful for preventing and treating obesity.