• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.74-88
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• 2007

In order to automate the process of mail sorting by delivery sequence, it is necessary to prepare a postal address database and to interpret written addresses on the mail-pieces with the database and OCR technology. The address database is a critical factor of automation and informatization of postal service since it could be used not only in address recognition but also in various mail processing. In this study, we design the schema of postal address database, design the postal address file based on it and explain the method of address interpretation and retrieval using it. We analyze infonnation requirements for transformation of postal address into the standardized format and consider them in the process of design. The postal address file can be used by address matching or retrieval system as well as by Hangul address recognition system for automation of delivery sequence mail-sorting.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of water temperature and photoperiod on the oxygen consumption of the fasting juvenile Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus (mean body weight 79.9${\pm}$2.0 g) in order to quantify metabolic response of the species under given conditions. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of G. macrocephalus was measured under a combination of four different water temperatures (7, 10, 13 and $16^{\circ}C$) and three different photoperiods (24L:0D, 12L:12D and 0L:24D) with an interval of 5 minutes over a 24-hour period using a closed recirculating respirometer. Three replicates were set up in each treatment. OCRs increased with increased water temperatures under all photoperiod conditions (P<0.001). Mean OCRs at 7, 10, 13 and 16oC ranged from 793.7~1108.4, 1145.7~1570.3, 1352.8~1742.5 and 1458.2~1818.6 mg $O_2$ $kg^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$, respectively. Under all water temperature conditions except $7^{\circ}C$ (P<0.001), mean OCRs of G. macrocephalus were the highest in continuous light (24L:0D) followed by 12L:12D and 0L:24D photoperiods. Mean OCRs of fish exposed to the 12L:12D photoperiod were significantly higher during the light phase than during the dark phase under all temperature conditions (P<0.001). $Q_{10}$ values ranged from 3.19~5.13 between 7 and $10^{\circ}C$, 1.41~1.74 between 10 and $13^{\circ}C$ and 1.15~1.35 between 13 and $16^{\circ}C$, respectively. Based on overall results, water temperature, photoperiod and their combinations exerted a significant influence on the metabolic rate of juvenile cod. This study provides empirical data for estimating the amount of oxygen demand and managing the culture of cod under the given water temperatures and photoperiods.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.273-285
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• 2000

While page segmentation is an important step in document recognition, there haven's been many researches on it. More improvement is still needed on the segmentation of document elements in complicated or color documents. In this paper, I present a new page segmentation method which can segment pages with multiple columns, dotted lines, graphics, and photographs. I extract all connected components using contour following and combine them depending on the size and positional information of them. Separate text location is done for non-text color regions to extract possible text lines. To see the performance of the proposed method, experiments are done for 180 documents. Four commercial OCR programs are also tested and the proposed method showed the best result.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

This paper presents a novel mobile measurement system with multi antennas which enable mobile measurement as well as fixed measurement with telescope mast. Proposed system installed 4 omni directional antennas for the space diversity process and one directional log periodic antenna for the simultaneous conventional fixed measurement. Whole antenna systems are connected to the custom DTV channel analyzers with Ethernet networks respectively and processed by the main controller to calculate real time average receive levels. To prove the performance of proposed system, the typical receive models are categorized as 3 area types - open area, building area and house area, and then intensive field tests were performed through mobile and fixed measurement phases. With these measurement data, the relationships between mobile and fixed measurement are analyzed, and the concept of compensation factor is proposed to assume the average receive level of signal. The field test is fulfilled as a co-work with public broadcasters and the proposed system is applied to the intensive coverage measurement projects for metropolitan areas by the korean government agencies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.3A
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• pp.327-334
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• 2008

Conventional on-channel-repeaters (OCRs) have a crucial problem that the power of a re-transmitted signal is highly limited by a feedback signal due to antenna coupling. The power limitation problem in OCRs has been solved by incorporating a demodulation-type feedback canceller which eliminates unwanted feedback signals by estimating a feedback channel. In applying the demodulation-type feedback canceller to T-DMB repeaters, there is a troublesome problem of unfrequent known pilot symbols, resulting in poor convergence performance of channel estimation. To solve this problem and enhance the accuracy of estimation, we propose a partitioning method of the Phase Reference Symbol (PRS) transformed in time domain. Since filter coefficients are updated every one partitioned subgroup, the number of updates is increased by the number of partitioned subgroups and thus the convergence speed is enhanced. The improved performance of feedback-channel estimation is directly connected with the feedback-cancellation performance. Simulation result shows that the feedback canceller incorporating the proposed partitioning method has a good performance in terms of residual feedback power.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2563-2573
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• 1999

In most mail automatic processing centers, after facing and canceling, letter mails are passed through an Optical Character Recognition/Barcode Sorter(OCR/BS) to read the postal code and 3 of 5 fluorescent (luminescent) barcode is applied. Normally, 31%∼35% of this mails are rejected. The main reasons for reading failures are poor printing quality of addresses and barcodes, script printing, writing in a cursive hand, variety fonts, and failure to locate the address. Our goal is to provide mailer with top quality service and customer barcode service as we move toward 100% barcoding automation of letter mail. In this paper, we propose a method of printing 3 of 5 customer barcode, postal code management, and detection of postal code based on postal address for increase the performance of automatic processing system in mail items. Using postal code generating rules, which are automatically extracted from postal addresses and address numbers, creates postal codes. The customer barcode support system is implemented by C++ language and runs on IBM PC under Windows 95.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.4 s.100
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• pp.369-378
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• 2005

Document image is segmented and classified into text, picture, or table by a document layout analysis, and the words in table regions are significant for keyword spotting because they are more meaningful than the words in other regions. This paper proposes a method to extract words from table regions in document images. As word extraction from table regions is practically regarded extracting words from cell regions composing the table, it is necessary to extract the cell correctly. In the cell extraction module, table frame is extracted first by analyzing connected components, and then the intersection points are extracted from the table frame. We modify the false intersections using the correlation between the neighboring intersections, and extract the cells using the information of intersections. Text regions in the individual cells are located by using the connected components information that was obtained during the cell extraction module, and they are segmented into text lines by using projection profiles. Finally we divide the segmented lines into words using gap clustering and special symbol detection. The experiment performed on In table images that are extracted from Korean documents, and shows $99.16\%$ accuracy of word extraction.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.7 s.103
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• pp.737-744
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a three-level color clustering algerian for the binarization of text regions extracted from natural scene images. The proposed algorithm consists of three phases of color segmentation. First, the ordinary images in which the texts are well separated from the background, are binarized. Then, in the second phase, the input image is passed through a high pass filter to deal with those affected by natural or artificial light. Finally, the image Is passed through a low pass filter to deal with the texture in texts and/or background. We have shown that the proposed algorithm is more effective used gray-information binarization algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm we use a commercial OCR software ARMI 6.0 to observe the recognition accuracies on the binarized images. The experimental results on word and character recognition show that the proposed approach is more accurate than conventional methods by over $35\%$.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

This study evaluates the performance of an optical sensor and measurement system (CMA-24) which can analyze the fluctuation of dissolved oxygen and pH simultaneously. In the optical sensor system, the fluorescent materials, Rudpp and HPTS which are sensitive to dissolved oxygen and pH, respectively, are coated on the bottom of a 24-well -plate by the sol-gel technology. The detection times of the emission light of the oxygen sensor were $4,186{\pm}13.90{\mu}s$ and $4,452{\pm}36.68{\mu}s$ for the dissolved oxygen of 17% $O_2$ and 7.6% $O_2$, respectively. On the other hand, the detection times of the pH sensor were $6,699.43{\pm}14.64{\mu}s$, $6,722.24{\pm}6.21{\mu}s$, and $6,748.52{\pm}2.63{\mu}s$ using pH 6, 7, and 8, respectively. When we determined cellular respiration levels of C2C12 myocytes with CMA-24, $O_2$/pH measurement system, the ratio of the uncoupled to coupled OCR (oxygen consumption rate) was 1.41. The results mean that this CMA-24 system shows almost the same sensitiveness as the commercial system.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 1993

The laboratory tests are performed on how the liquefaction potential of the sea dike structures on the saturated sand or silty sand seabed could be affected due to earthquake before and after construction results are given as follows ; 1. Earthquake damages to sea dike structures consist of lateral deformation, settlement, minor abnormality of the structures and differential settlement of embankments, etc. It is known that severe disasters due to this type of damages are not much documented. Because of its high relative cost of the preventive measures against this type of damages, the designing engineer has much freedom for the play of judgement and ingenuity in the selection of the construction methods, that is, by comparing the cost of the preventive design cost at a design stage to reconstruction cost after minor failure. 2. The factors controlling the liquefaction potential of the hydraulic fill structure are magnitude of earthquake(max. surface velocity), N-value(relative density), gradation, consistency(plastic limit), classification of soil(G & vs), ground water level, compaction method, volumetric shear stress and strain, effective confining stress, and primary consolidation. 3. The probability of liquefaction can be evaluated by the simple method based on SPT and CPT test results or the precise method based on laboratory test results. For sandy or silty sand seabed of the concerned area of this study, it is said that evaluation of liquefaction potential can be done by the one-dimensional analysis using some geotechnical parameters of soil such as Ip, Υt' gradation, N-value, OCR and classification of soils. 4. Based on above mentioned analysis, safety factor of liquefaction potential on the sea bed at the given site is Fs =0.84 when M = 5.23 or amax= 0.12g. With sea dike structures H = 42.5m and 35.5m on the same site Fs= 3.M~2.08 and Fs = 1.74~1.31 are obtained, respectively. local liquefaction can be expected at the toe of the sea dike constructed with hydraulic fill because of lack of constrained effective stress of the area.