• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to test the accuracy of self-reported information used in indirect estimation of pesticide exposure. Methods: To do so, self-reported values on the duration of pesticide application per day were compared with observed values. The number of days of pesticide application per year as recorded in self-administered logs was compared with recalled values. Results: It was found that participants underestimated the duration and frequency of actual pesticide use. High correlations were found between self-reported values and observed values, as well as between recalled values and recorded values. Conclusions: The reason might be that farmers unconsciously under-recall the application of pesticide since many customers prefer eco-friendly agricultural products. Farmers thought the task of applying pesticides to be essential, and this may explain why the participants in this study tended to accurately recall their pesticide-related work.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2001

Objectives : The authors evaluated the effects on renal function of workers chronically exposed to low-level organic solvent mixtures. Methods : The authors measured the level of urine ${\beta}2$-microglobulin(${\beta}2$-MG) and microalbumin as biochemical markers of renal function and damage in 29 male workers exposed to organic solvents for more than five years and compared their results with those of 30 male office clerks as a reference group. Results : 1. The mean values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, SGOT, SGPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP were all within normal limits and there was no significant difference, except for hemoglobin(p<0.01), between exposed and reference group. 2. The values of BUN and serum creatinine were within reference limits and there was no significant difference between exposed and reference group. 3. The difference of mean values of urine microalbumin corrected by urine creatinine were statistically significant (p<0.01), but those of urine ${\beta}2$-MG was not. 4. There were no correlation of urine hippuric acids with BUN, serum creatinine, urine microalbumin and ${\beta}2$-MG. 5. There were no significant difference of BUN, serum creatinine, urine microalbumin and ${\beta}2$-MG upon work duration. Conclusions: It is assumed that chronic low-level organic solvent exposure in these workers shows early renal dysfunction, glomerular changes. The result corresponds to previous studies showing the relationship between hydrocarbon exposure and glomerulonephritis. For evaluation of impairment on kidney tubules, we need further study using more precise markers and long-term follow-up.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

Objectives: In this study, we summarized the External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) for the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toxic chemicals which started in 1995 and continued until a $31^{st}$ round robin in the spring of 2010. The program was performed twice per year until 2009, and this was changed to once a year since 2010. The objective of the program is to ensure the reliability of the data related to biological monitoring from analytical laboratories. Methods: One hundred and eighteen laboratories participated in the $31^{st}$ round robin. The program offers 5 items for inorganic analysis: lead in blood, cadmium in blood, manganese in blood, cadmium in urine, and mercury in urine. It also offers 10 items for organic analysis, including hippuric acid, methylhippuric acid, mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, N-methylformamide, N-methylacetamide, trichloroacetic acid, total trichloro-compounds, trans,trans-muconic acid, and 2,5-hexanedione in urine. Target values were determined by statistical analysis using consensus values. All the data, such as chromatograms and calibration curves, were reviewed by the committee. Results: The proficiency rate was below 70% prior to the first round robin and improved to over 90% for common items, such as PbB and HA, while those for other items still remained in the range of 60-90% and need to be improved up to 90%. Conclusion: The EQAS has taken a primary role in improving the reliability of analytical data. A total quality assurance scheme is suggested, including the validation of technical documentation for the whole analytical procedure.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2019

Background: Lead (Pb) exposure in shooting ranges has been reduced by various measures such as jacketed ammunition and lead-free primers. Nevertheless, this may lead to exposure to other metals, potentially resulting in adverse health effects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects from seven different shooting ranges were studied: four shooting instructors, 10 police officers, 15 Special Forces, and six maintenance staff members. Metals and metalloids were determined in blood and urine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: The concentrations of most elements did not differ significantly between groups or compared to reference values, except for Sb and Pt in urine and Pb in blood. Mean values for Sb were considerably higher in urine from the Special Forces ($0.34{\mu}g/L$), the maintenance staff ($0.13{\mu}g/L$), and shooting instructors ($0.32{\mu}g/L$) compared to the police officers before shooting ($0.06{\mu}g/L$) and a Belgian reference value ($0.04{\mu}g/L$). For Pt, the Special Forces showed higher mean urinary concentrations ($0.078{\mu}g/L$) compared to a Belgian reference value (<$0.061{\mu}g/L$). Mean values for blood lead were markedly higher in the Special Forces ($3.9{\mu}g/dL$), maintenance staff ($5.7{\mu}g/dL$), and instructors ($11.7{\mu}g/dL$) compared to police officers ($1.4{\mu}g/dL$). One instructor exceeded the biological exposure index for blood Pb ($38.8{\mu}g/dL$). Conclusion: Since both Pb and Sb were found to be higher in shooting range employees, especially among frequent shooters, it is advisable to provide appropriate protective equipment, education, and medical follow-up for shooting range personnel in addition to careful choice of ammunition.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed to describe the current situation about urinary biomarker N-methylformamide(NMF) for workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) according to industrial classification. Materials: Special health examination records of the workers who had undergone urinary biological monitoring in 2013 were collected. The numbers and percentage of workers, whose urinary NMF values were above the limit of detection(LOD) and above the biological exposure index(BEI) were calculated. Health relatedness with DMF as judged by their doctors was also described. All description was classified according to the $9^{th}$ Korean Standard Industrial Classification(KSIC). Results: It appeared that most workers exposed to DMF belong to manufacturing section(80.7%). The geometric mean(GM) values of urinary NMF were 6.25 mg/L, 3.54, and 3.86 for the manufacturing section, professional, scientific and technical activities section, and for the construction section respectively. In detail, it seemed that division of textiles(except apparel) (GM 7.51 mg/L), division of leather, luggage and footwear(11.59 mg/L), and division of rubber and plastic products(6.89 mg/L) were highly exposed to DMF with a high percentage of workers with urinary NMF values above BEI. This was probably due to the effect of skin absorption that the division of leather, luggage and footwear showed the highest urine NMF GM. Conclusions: It seemed that workers in manufacture industries such as textile, leather, luggage, footwear, rubber and plastic products were highly exposed to DMF. So, efforts should be focused on those industries in order to effectively diminish worker's exposure. Further studies to compare DMF air-monitoring with bio-monitoring according to industrial classification should be considered.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 코로나19 거점전담병원 간호사의 셀프리더십과 환자중심간호 관계에서 간호전문직관과 직무스트레스의 변수들간 매개효과를 확인하는 것이다. 자료수집은 코로나19 거점전담병원 간호사 160명으로 2022년 1월 10일부터 2월 30일까지 실시하였고, 독립 t- 검정, 일원분산분석, 상관관계분석, 다중선형회귀분석, PROCESS MACRO 모델4를 활용하여 부트스트래핑 방법을 통해 분석되었다. 셀프리더십의 평균 점수는 61.3±8.55점, 간호전문직관의 평균 점수는 95.5±11.66점, 직무스트레스의 평균 점수는 51.3±4.76점, 환자중심간호의 평균 점수는 59.3±7.63점이었다. 코로나19 거점전담병원 간호사의 셀프리더십과 환자중심간호 간 영향관계에서 간호전문직관과 직무스트레스의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 환자중심간호 강화 프로그램 적용시 간호전문직관 향상 및 직무스트레스를 감소시킬 수 있는 내용을 포함해야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2020

본 연구는 전문대학 응급구조과 대학생을 대상으로 전공선택동기, 직업가치관이 취업준비행동에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 또한 이들의 관계에서 멘토링의 조절효과를 검정하여 효과적인 취업준비행동 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시행하였다. D 및 G광역시, J도에 소재한 전문대학으로 2019학년 1, 2학에 각각 1회 이상으로 총 2회 이상 일반상담, 진로상담, 출석상담, 학사경고상담을 받은 재학생을 대상으로 하였습니다. 2019년 12월 2일부터 6일(5일 동안)까지 본 연구자의 편의에 따라 무작위로 추출하여 연구 참여에 서면동의를 받은 후 자기기입식 설문조사를 시행하였다. 배부된 300부 중 불성실한 응답을 한 14부를 제외한 286부를 SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램으로 최종 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 전공선택동기의 개인적 동기와 내재적 직업가치관 및 외재적 직업가치관은 취업준비행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 또한 멘토링의 조절효과가 있음을 검정하였다. 따라서 취업준비행동 향상을 위해 지속적인 개인 및 집단상담이 필요하고, 전공선택동기와 직업가치관을 바탕으로 한 멘토링 프로그램의 취업특강, 모의면접 등이 필요하다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2008

To clarify the DNA damage from reactive oxygen species, we measured the DNA damage through Fpg/Endo III FLARE (Fragment Length Analysis with Repair Enzyme) assay and real time RT-PCR. The 80 SD rats assigned to 4 dose groups exposed to cumene vapor for 90 days. With Fpg/Endo III FLARE assay in hepatocytes, we found the OTM (Olive Tail Moment) and TL (Tail Length) significantly increased in no-enzyme treated and Fpg-treated control and 8 ppm groups with 28 days exposure. In Endo III-treated 8 ppm group, significantly increased the values with 90 days exposure. With lymphocytes, it was founded the values significantly increased in no-enzyme treated 800 ppm group in 28 and 90 days. It was significantly increased in Endo III-treated 80 ppm for 28 days and 800 ppm for 90 days. From the above findings, FLARE assay was suggested as being available as a biological marker for DNA damage induced by cumene exposure in SD rats. And we used real time RT-PCR for the OGG1 mRNA expression, it had dose-dependent biologic effects in 1 day exposure, but decrease the levels of rOGG1 mRNA. Our findings provide evidence that cumene exposure may cause suppression of rOGG1 in the rat hepatocytes or lymphocytes.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Objectives: Mental health has been shown to be linked with certain underlying physiological mechanisms. The objective of this cross sectional study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and brachial artery reactivity (BAR) in an understudied population: police officers. Methods: Participants were 351 police officers who were clinically examined in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Police Stress (BCOPS) study. BAR was performed using standard B-Mode ultrasound procedures. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Mean values of the difference between the baseline and maximum diameters of the brachial artery were determined across three categories of CES-D score using the analysis of variance and the analysis of covariance. p-values for linear trends were obtained from linear regression models. Results: The mean age (${\pm}$ standard deviation) of all officers was $40.9{\pm}7.2$ years. Women had a slightly higher mean CES-D score than men ($8.9{\pm}8.9$ vs. $7.4{\pm}6.4$) and a slightly higher percentage increase of BAR than men (6.90 vs. 5.26%). Smoking status significantly modified the associations between depressive symptoms and BAR. Among current smokers, mean absolute values of BAR significantly decreased as depressive symptoms increased after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, hypertension, and diabetes; the multivariate-adjusted p-values were 0.033 (absolute) and 0.040 (%). Associations between depressive symptoms and BAR were not statistically significant among former smokers or never smokers. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were inversely associated with BAR among police officers who were current smokers and together may be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among police officers. Further prospective research is warranted.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-68
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 '노인 여가 가치관 평가도구'의 문항 도출을 위하여 노인 작업치료 경험이 있는 작업치료사 및 노인 작업치료에 대한 전문적 견해를 가진 자를 대상으로 델파이 조사를 시행하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 노인 여가 가치관 평가도구의 문항 도출을 위하여 총 두 단계로 시행되었으며 첫 번째 단계는 예비문항 수집, 두 번째 단계는 델파이 조사가 시행되었다. 예비문항 수집 단계에서는 문헌 고찰과 2019 국민여가활동 조사 분석이 시행되었다. 델파이 조사의 수정 델파이 기법으로 총 2차에 걸쳐 시행되었다. 결과 : 예비문항 수집 단계에서 선별된 여가 가치관 평가문항은 39개, 참여 여가활동 목록은 45개였다. 이후 전문가 집단 25명을 대상으로 델파이 조사를 실시한 결과 여가 가치관 평가문항 38개와 참여여가활동 목록 45개를 도출하였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 도출된 문항은 노인이 여가활동에 참여할 때 중요하게 생각하는 다양한 가치를 파악할 수 있고 구체적으로 참여하는 여가활동을 파악할 수 있다는 점에 그 의의가 있다.