• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.492-497
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• 2002

Map building is the process of modeling the robot's environment. The map is usually built based on a grid-based or topological approach, which has its own merits and demerits. These two methods, therefore, can be integrated to provide a better way of map building, which compensates for each other's drawbacks. In this paper, a method of building the topological map based on the occupancy grid map through a Voronoi diagram is presented and verified by various simulations. This Voronoi diagram is made by using a labeled Voronoi diagram scheme which is suitable for the occupancy grid maps. It is shown that the Proposed method is efficient and simple fur building a topological map. The simple path-planning problem is simulated and experimented verify validity of the proposed approach.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.289-294
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• 2003

Purpose of this study is to supply data that need in qualitative improvement and plan for middle class through a post occupancy evaluation by the tenants in the rental apartment of national housing size. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Characteristic of household differ as the size tenants live in at present. But, usually characteristic of household was family life cycle was from child-rearing time to secondary education time, a family's number was 3${\sim}$4 person, and income per month was 1${\sim}$3 million won. 2) The satisfaction of whole and physical environment were satisfied more than average 3 points. However, the satisfaction of economic performance and administration environment were dissatisfied by average 3 points low. 3) Factors that affect in housing satisfaction were administration environment, the housing size, a family's number.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.49-76
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• 1996

Until recently, the inductive loop detecters(ILD) have been used to collect a traffic information in a part of traffic manangment and control. The ILD is able to collect a various traffic data such as a occupancy time and non-occupancy time, traffic volume, etc. The occupancy time of these is very important information for traffic control algorithms, which is required a high accuracy. This accuracy may be improved by classifying a vehicle type with ILD. To classify a vehicle type based on a Analog Digital Converted data collect form ILD, this study used a typical and modifyed statistic method and General Learning Vector Quantization unsuperviser neural network model and a hybrid model of GLVQ and statistic method, As a result, the hybrid model of GLVQ neural network model is superior to the other methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.576-586
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• 2011

In recent years, pollution in residential spaces has been a significant area of concern. In particular, the indoor air quality (IAQ) of an apartment building before occupancy, which is related to the interior material, is a serious problem. Unlike previous research, which has mainly focused on pollution control after construction, this study has derived influencing factors and priority of management with a controlling schedule for IAQ. The objectives of this research are 1) control of schedule or improvement of management for IAQ, 2) distribution of responsibility to the parties concerned (factory, material company, construction company, design and engineering, occupancy). The results show the relative priority of the four major items in wall?based apartment buildings and in column?based apartment buildings. An analysis of the parties responsible for improvement based on the IAQ results shows more efforts to improve IAQ are needed in material factories and engineering/design companies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.49-51
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• 2018

미국과 중국 그리고 일부 유럽국가에서는 교통혼잡 해결하기 위해 2인 이상 탑승한 차량만 운행 가능한 다인승 전용차로(HOV, High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes)를 도입하여 운영하고 있다. HOV를 도입한 도시에서는 나 홀로 운행 차량이 많이 감소 되어 교통 혼잡 문제를 조금이나마 해결 할 수 있었다. 현재 HOV에서는 차량 내부의 탑승 인원수를 확인하기 위한 시스템을 사용하고 있다. 기존의 해당 시스템은 HOV에 지나간 차량을 자동으로 적외선 카메라를 통해 촬영하여 사람이 직접 검수하는 방식이다. 기존 방식은 사람이 직접 검사하는 방식이라 이를 위한 많은 인력과 시간이 소모되는 점, 그리고 사람마다 확인한 결과가 다를 수 있는 등 여러 가지 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 HOV의 차량 내부 탑승 인원 확인 기술의 여러 단점을 극복하기 위해 Deep Learning과 Computer Vision을 이용한 새로운 기술 설계를 위한 연구한 내용을 다룬다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.330-334
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• 2001

This paper presents the way of building an occupancy grid map which a mobile robot needs to autonomously navigate in the unknown environment. A disparity map resulting from stereo matching can be converted into the 2D distance information. If the stereo matching has some errors, however, the subsequent map becomes unreliable. In this paper, a new morphological filter is proposed to reject 'spikes' of the disparity map due to stereo mismatch by considering the fact that these spikes occur locally. The new method has advantages that it is simpler and more easily realized than existing similar algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2004

Nowadays, there has been substantial interest in whether there is an association between electromagnetic field exposure and living environment. It is increased the demand that electromagnetic wave environment and its countermeasure. In the present study, we has applied the electromagnetic absorbent inorganic paint of 'I' corporations, and measured electromagnetic waves generated in new apartment before occupancy using the standard field electromagnetic wave generating device we developed. The measurement before occupancy was $100\~131V/m$, but the measurement after occupancy was $6.9\~8.0V/m$ less than 10V/m, the comprehensive electromagnetic wave limit allowed by TCO in Sweden. The implication is that domestic apartment are exposed to extremely poor electromagnetic wave environment. Nevertheless, there have been neither serious efforts to overcome this problem, nor its alternatives and related standards. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research of related fields to establish standards and plans to improve the situation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.188-194
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• 2001

Increasing the user's need in the building facilities, the architects, engineers, and building managers must consider the user's opinion when they plan and construct the buildings. When planning and managing of the buildings, accepting the user's opinion is desirable and indispensible to solve the Problems about the architectural facilities between suppliers and users. To supply the efficient working environments, use the check listing tools and operate the post occupancy evaluation. The real estate and development company is selected for the evaluation. It is renovated in 2000 to fit in its working environment. The process of the evaluation is proceeded both private and group working spaces and facility and management of the buildings with 10 categories. Following the result of Post occupancy evaluation, the users of the building are mostly satisfied with their working environments after the renovation. However, the categories in thermal environment and indoor air and supply for office work need to be improved in advance.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

For an effective energy management in intelligent buildings it is necessary to gather information about position/absence of people and the level of population. In this paper the smart occupancy detection system using the active RFID is developed to satisfy such a demand based on the results of previous research. First of all the design considerations and functions of the system are introduced. In sequence the functions of the system is presented, and then the performance of the developed system is tested and verified through various field tests. The developed core technology can be also applied to other fields such as security, healthcare, smart home, etc.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2023

This study explores the potential of utilizing video-based data analysis and machine learning techniques to estimate the number of occupants within a building. The research methodology involves developing a sophisticated counting system capable of detecting and tracking individuals' entry and exit patterns. The proposed method demonstrates promising results in various scenarios; however, it also identifies the need for improvements in camera performance and external environmental conditions, such as lighting. The study emphasizes the significance of incorporating machine learning in architectural and urban planning applications, offering valuable insights for the field. In conclusion, the research calls for further investigation to address the limitations and enhance the system's accuracy, ultimately contributing to the development of a more robust and reliable solution for building occupancy estimation.