• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.537-547
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• 2014

The object of this study was to observe the effect of Banhasasim-tang (BHSST) on the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Three different dosages of BHSST extract (400, 200 and 100 mg/kg) were once orally administered 1 hr before HCl/EtOH mixture treatment. One hour after HCl/EtOH mixture single oral treatment, the changes on the gross hemorrhagic lesion scores, fundic histopathology, gastric nitrate/nitrite contents, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system (catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities) were observed, and compared with that of ranitidine 100 mg/kg. As results of all three different dosages of BHSST extract treatment in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer mice, significant and dose-dependent decreased gastric damages. BHSST extracts also increased gastric nitrate/nitrite contents and strengthened the antioxidant defense systems, and increased the activities of catalase and SOD, respectively. BHSST extracts 200 mg/kg showed similar anti-ulcerative effect as compared with ranitidine 100 mg/kg, in this experiment. BHSST has favorable protective effects against to the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric damages, through the strengthening of the body antioxidant defense systems. These gastroprotective effects of BHSST against HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer considered as results of complicated synergic effects of their 8 kinds of herbal components, but exact synergic or individual herbal effects are difficult to discuss in this study. Therefore, more detail synergic effects between 8 kinds of individual herbal component of BHSST should be tested with screening of active anti-inflammatory chemical ingredients, in future.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2020

Purpose: Periodontal disease causes tooth loss and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study proposes using a deep learning-based object detection method to identify periodontally compromised teeth on digital panoramic radiographs. A faster regional convolutional neural network (faster R-CNN) which is a state-of-the-art deep detection network, was adapted from the natural image domain using a small annotated clinical data- set. Materials and Methods: In total, 100 digital panoramic radiographs of periodontally compromised patients were retrospectively collected from our hospital's information system and augmented. The periodontally compromised teeth found in each image were annotated by experts in periodontology to obtain the ground truth. The Keras library, which is written in Python, was used to train and test the model on a single NVidia 1080Ti GPU. The faster R-CNN model used a pretrained ResNet architecture. Results: The average precision rate of 0.81 demonstrated that there was a significant region of overlap between the predicted regions and the ground truth. The average recall rate of 0.80 showed that the periodontally compromised teeth regions generated by the detection method excluded healthiest teeth areas. In addition, the model achieved a sensitivity of 0.84, a specificity of 0.88 and an F-measure of 0.81. Conclusion: The faster R-CNN trained on a limited amount of labeled imaging data performed satisfactorily in detecting periodontally compromised teeth. The application of a faster R-CNN to assist in the detection of periodontally compromised teeth may reduce diagnostic effort by saving assessment time and allowing automated screening documentation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.340-343
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• 2002

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become widely accepted for rapid quantitative analysis of components in some crops. Our object was to determine icariin contents in whole plant of Epimedium koreanum by using an NIRS system. Total 150 plant samples previously analyzed by HPLC were scanned by NIRS and 68 samples were selected for calibration and validation equation. A calibration equation calculated by MPLS(modified partial least squares) regression technique was developed and a coefficient of determination in calibration and validation sets were 0.95 and 0.82, respectively. A comparison between NIRS estimation and HPLC value was performed with the remaining samples not included in the calibration and validation sets. Most of samples also showed a positive correlation like a validation set. Our results demonstrate that this developed NIRS equation can be practically used as a mass screening method for rapid quantification of icarin contents in Epimedium koreanum N.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2013

The object of this study was to observe anticancer and related immunomodulatory and anticachexic effects of Insamyangyoung-tang aqueous extracts (ISYYTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Changes on the tumor volume and weights, lymphatic organ(spleen and popliteal lymph node), serum interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels, splenocytes and peritoneal macrophage activities (NK cell activity), splenic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents, splenic T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+) and TNF-${\alpha}+$ cells were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, changes on the body weights, epididymal fat weights and serum IL-6 levels were also detected with the thicknesses of deposited cervical brown adipose tissue and their mean diameters to monitor the tumor-related anticachexic effects. The results obtained in this study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of ISYYTe showed favorable anticancer effects on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft with immunomodulatory and anticachexic effects. However, detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.288-300
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• 2011

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Hwangryungeehwang-tang (HRGHT), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating diabetes, by administering aqueous extracts to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Three different dosages of HRGHT extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered). 6 groups, of 8 rats per group were used in the present study, selected 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment based on blood glucose levels and body weights. Changes to the body weights, blood glucose levels, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were observed, as well as changes on the pancreatic, hepatic and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) contents for lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents for antioxidant effects. The results were compared with a potent antioxidant silymarin 100 mg/kg, of which the effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related complications are already confirmed. Results : Significant decrease of blood glucose levels, serum LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal MDA contents and significant increase of body weights, serum HDL levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal GSH contents were detected in HRGHT extracts 100 and 200 mg/kg administered groups as compared to the streptozotocin control group. The lowest dosage of HRGHT treated group, 50 mg/kg, did not show any favorable effects as compared with the streptozotocin control. Conclusions : HRGHT has favorable effects on diabetes and related hyperlipidemia. Therefore, more detailed mechanism studies should be conduced in future with efficacy tests of individual herbal compositions of HRGHT and screening of the biological active compounds in the herbs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9933-9937
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in males and the second in females in Iran. Males are more likely to develop CRC than women and age is considered as a main risk factor for colorectal cancer. Prevalence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in Asian countries. Aim: The object of this study was to determine the clinical and pathology characteristics of colorectal polyps in Iranian patients and to investigate the variation between our populations with other populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 167 patients with colorectal polyps were included in our study. All underwent colonoscopy during 2009-2013 and specimens were taken through polypectomy and transferred to pathology. All data in patient files including pathology reports were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 software. A two-tailed test was used and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of participants was $57{\pm}15$. Some 84 were females (50.3%) and 83 males (49.7%). Total of 225 polyps were detected which 119 (52.9%) were in males and 106 (47.1%) were in females. Solitary polyps were observed in 124 patients (74%), 26 (15.6%) had two polyps and 17 (10.1%) with more than two polyps (three to five). Rectosigmoid was the site of most of the polyps (63.1%), followed by 19.6% in the descending colon, 7.6% in the transverse, 5.8% in the ascending, and 3.1% in the cecum, data being missing in two cases. Conclusions: Recto sigmoid was site of most of the polyps. The most prevalent type of lesion was adenomatous polyps detected in 78 (34.7%). Mixed hyperplastic adenomatous type observed in 70 (31.1%). This high prevalence of adenomatous polyps in Iranian patients implies the urgent need for screening plans to prevent further healthcare problems with colorectal cancer in the Iranian population.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 2014

This paper describes an improvement of space objects orbit prediction. To screen possible collisions between operational satellites and space objects, the TLE (Two-Line Element) was used as pseudo-measurement and than the orbit determination and orbit prediction were performed through the flight dynamics system. For determining the orbits, the state vectors were assumed by a series of TLEs within a certain period. The propagation error was analyzed according to the fitting period and a number of pseudo-observations. In order to find out the improvement of orbit prediction with the proposed method, KOMPSAT-2, 3 having the precise orbit in the meter-level range were first applied. Then the result applied to space objects under the same conditions was analyzed. As a result of the RMS error comparison with the orbit prediction of space object, the precision of orbit prediction was improved by approximately 90% for seven days prediction. The improved orbit prediction of space objects can be utilized in the daily analysis for initial screening of the close space objects at high risk.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Formosa plum aqueous extracts (PLe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Method : Three different dosages of PLe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Five groups, each of seven mice per group were used in the present study as follows. Tumor volume and weights, serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels, serum IL-6 were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Result : Although no meaningful changes on the tumor weights and volumes were observed after treatment of all three different dosages of PLe, decreases of tumor cell volumes in tumor masses were dose-dependently decreased mediated by increases of apoptosis among tumor cells by treatment of PLe 100 and 200 mg/kg as compared with tumor-bearing control. In addition, decreases on the body weight and gains were also demonstrated in tumor-bearing control with increases of serum IL-6 levels. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of PLe showed favorable immunomodulatory and anticachexic effects with anticancer effects in 100 and 200 mg/kg of PLe treated groups on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft. However, detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.64-81
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• 2010

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the suppressive effects of Yijintang-gamibang (YJGMB), Yijintang being traditionally used in the Korean Medicine for treating various digestive diseases, on the rat reflux esophagitis (RE) as compared with omeprazole, a well-known proton pump inhibitor. Methods: Three different dosages of YJGMB, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, were orally pretreated once a day for 28 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Seven groups of 8 rats each were used in the study. Six hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, invasive lesion percentages, fundic mucosa, esophageal submucosa and total thicknesses were measured by histomorphometry. The results were compared with omeprazole 10 and 30 mg/kg treated groups in which the effects on RE were already confirmed. Results: As results of pylorus and forestomach ligation, marked increases of esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid outputs, pepsin outputs were observed with histopathological changes of RE, such as hemorrhages, ulcerative lesions and edematous changes on the esophageal and fundic mucosa. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of YJGMB. YJGMB 50 mg/kg showed similar suppressive effects as 30 mg/kg of omeprazole, but more favorable effects were observed as compared with omeprazole 10 mg/kg. Conclusion: The results suggest that YJGMB showed favorable suppressive effects on the RE induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation. It is therefore expected that YJGMB will show favorable effects on RE as corresponds to the suggestion of traditional Korean medicine. However, more detailed mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active chemical compounds in herbs.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2015

Purpose : The object of this study was to observe anti-cachexic effects of Kwibi-tang extracts (KBTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods : Three different dosages of KBTe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 42 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Six groups, each of 8 mice per group were used in the present study. Changes on the body weight, the epididymal fat weight and serum IL-6 levels were detected with the thicknesses of deposited cervical brown adipose tissue and their mean diameters to monitor the tumor-related anticachexic effects. Results : Deceases on the body weight and gains were also demonstrated in tumor-bearing control with increases of serum IL-6 levels, decreases of epididymal fat pad weight, atrophic changes of cervical brown adipose tissues. These are means that tumor-related cachexia are induced by tumor cell inoculations in the present study. However, these tumor-related cachexia were markedly inhibited by all three different dosages of KBTe treatment as compared with tumor-bearing control. 5-FU showed somewhat deteriorated the tumor-related cachexia in the present study. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of KBTe showed favorable anticachexic effects on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft. However, detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb.