• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2017

Morphological and population characteristics of the Cottus koreanus were investigated at Hoam stream from October 2015 and April 2016. This is the first record on C. koreanus not only from Hoam stream (the upstream region of Daejong stream, Gyeongsangbuk-do Gyeongju-si Yangbuk-myeon Hoam-ri) but also from the stream flowing into the Samcheogosip stream, in the southern part of East Sea, Korea. The distribution of C. koreanus ranged from Girim temple to Yongyeon waterfall, about 1.2 km, and the water surface were about $3,600m^2$. The population size was assumed to 1,656 individual number, 46 object per $100m^2$. The morphometric characteristics of C. koreanus in the Hoam stream and the Han river are very similar except that the population at Hoam stream shorter head length, ventral fin ray length, pectoral fin ray length and mouth width when compared with the population at Han river. Other than that, the two populations showed the same meristic characters. Frequency analysis of total length indicated that the group with 40~59 mm in total length was one year old, the 60~79 mm was two years old, and the group over 80 mm was three years old. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was estimated as 361 (239~468) per matured female. The number of matured eggs size in ovaries was $2.6{\pm}0.21$ (23.~3.1) mm and this species was large eggs type. Calculation of the length-weight relation of C. koreanus showed the value of constant a as 0.00001 and b as 3.01, and the Condition factor (K) was 1.26 an on average.

• School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.355-386
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• 2014

Algebraic generalization of patterns is based on the capability of grasping a structure inherent in several objects with awareness that this structure applies to general cases and ability to use it to provide an algebraic expression. The purpose of this study is to investigate how students generalize patterns using an algebraic object such as parameters and what are difficulties in geometric-arithmetic pattern tasks related to algebraic generalization and to determine whether the students can use parameters meaningfully through pattern generalization tasks that this researcher designed. During performing tasks of pattern generalization we designed, students differentiated parameters from letter 'n' that is used to denote a variable. Also, the students understood the relations between numbers used in several linear equations and algebraically expressed the generalized relation using a letter that was functions as a parameter. Some difficulties have been identified such that the students could not distinguish parameters from variables and could not transfer from arithmetical procedure to algebra in this process. While trying to resolve these difficulties, generic examples helped the students to meaningfully use parameters in pattern generalization.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

This research is aimed at comprehensively evaluating the condition of a road surface of a highway in satisfaction of its users. This research conducted an overall evaluation of a road surface condition by adding qualitative data, or a driver's satisfaction to the existing quantitative elements, whereas the existing research put its focus on a correlation analysis with quantitative factors and qualitative factors through a statistical method. As for an evaluation method, this research conducted an overall evaluation by using Grey System Theory which makes possible an integrated evaluation. The analyzed results make it possible to diagnose the current conditions of each section of object roads and to predict the potentially changeable conditions for the time to come. In addition, these analyzed results could hopefully be applied to the maintenance of freeways through diverse methods. It is hoped that the evaluation of a road surface condition of a highway in satisfaction of its user could be helpful to keeping up the satisfaction of a driver and passenger on the highway by more than a certain level. In addition, the analyzed data on the influence of data value observed by comprehensively evaluating a variety of elements could be used as a secondary means of the decision-making process in relation to road maintenance. On top of that, it could be used as a means of improving road maintenance system and offering the improved driving environment of the highway.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.445-476
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• 2010

In this essay I aimed to analyze the concept of cultivation in east asian aesthetics. Most people regarded traditional asian paintings as an artwork that was obviously an artwork by artists. Moreover, they emphasized the cultivation of artists in their creation and used to accept the concept of cultivation which means cultivating one's mind. Generally speaking, to cultivate one's mind meant enlarging one's ethical behavior and he or she became a better person. And in creation, it meant considering all things more deeply. In this point of view, it was too vague to notice the meaning. What is an accurate meaning of cultivate artist's mind? What was the relation between creation and cultivation? In confucian philosophy, the concept of cultivation had two meanings. One was to enlarge one's ethical behavior and the other was to improve one's knowledge about things. The knowledge implied all of the one's experiences about things. Thus, the knowledge meant what he communicated with under his surroundings and created. In this perspective, to analyze the case of "Dohwaguenmungi" and "Limchungochi", cultivation was related to 'you(游)' and 'jing(精)'. It implied all of the artist's efforts to make communication with his objects deeper and wider, at last, he created his own meaning about object that he experienced. Therefore, I suggest that when we use the concept of cultivation in the context of creation, it should be used as the meaning related with improving one's knowledge about things.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.98-111
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• 2019

This study suggests a proper studying direction of research on relationship addiction problem. And it presents fundamental research data by analysing domestic research trends of relationship addiction among various crises of people have addiction problem. For analysis of trends on relationship addiction, I searched almost all master's and doctoral dissertations and academic journals which were studied on "addiction", "relationship addiction", "addiction relationship" from 2005 to 2019 in Korea. Also I have surveyed various publications in the data base of Research Information Sharing Service, academic research data base, the National Assembly Library and the National Central Library in Korea. And for the reasonable results, I have studied the research according to 4 steps such as "collecting data and analyzing precedent research", "building analysis criterion", "cording and analysis", "making conclusion and suggesting the development direction" The results of this study are like these. The total number of researches on relationship addiction is 67. The object of those studies were limited adult's or undergraduate students's relationship addiction. So it is necessary that the fields of relationship addiction research are expanding gradually. And the research shows that the relationship addiction problem is directly related with sexual prostitution. Therefore, there are enough needs to study more in diverse, different point of view. Also it is suggested that the proper analyses methodology of relationship addiction shoud be used and new analysis criterions should be developed. In this study, the necessity of further more study is proposed in various ways of methodology about the relation of social problem and relationship addiction. And from this study, it is proved that expending the objects and fields of the study on relationship addiction, the factors analysis on addiction, study models of addiction must be necessary to be studied.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.199-211
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the relative effects of young children's mathematical abilities and scientific abilities on intelligence. Methods: The object of this study is 100 five or six-years-old children in a kindergarten of S district in S city. I conducted analysis of partial correlation after controlled young children's age and sex to examine correlation between young children's mathematical abilities, scientific abilities and intelligence, also I used stepwise multiple regression analysis for inspecting the relative effects of young children's mathematical abilities and scientific abilities on intelligence. Results: Young children's intelligence is relative with mathematical abilities and scientific abilities, this relation is higher in 'measurement' and 'algebra' factors of mathematical abilities and 'predicting' factor of scientific abilities. Mathematical abilities bigger impact to the relative effects on young children's intelligence. Conclusion/Implications: On this, it is necessary that evenly providing the math and science activities in early childhood education field and home, and we have to consider the integrations of the process when provide the math and science integrated activities. This study has the significance to use basic line data when people plan the integrated math-science activities and develop program associated those by finding the relationship between mathematical abilities, scientific abilities and intelligence and evaluating the relative effects on intelligence.

• The Journal of Korean-Japanese National Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.1-43
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• 2011

This article introduces Abe Mituie's activities related to Korean and Japanese Buddhism and two newly discovered materials. He worked as a brain of Japanese cultural rule over Joseon Korea while holding various positions such as the president of KyeongSung Il Bo, the vice president of Kokmin Newspaper and the director of Central Joseon Association. Abe was responsible for Enkak Temple, the head temple of Japanese Rinzai section, and was one of the layman followers of Syak Soen who worked for the spread of modern Japanese Buddhism to Europe and America. He was a respectful Buddhist layman so as to teach Zen Buddhism for young Buddhist monks in Japan. After he started to assume charge in the Kyeong Sung Il Bo, he was also very active in movements in relation to Joseon Buddhism to the extent that he was found to be deeply involved in Joseon Buddhism sections. On the other hand, he concluded Joseon culture to be 'devastated.' He asserted that it was necessary to develop spiritual culture and revive Buddhism in order to resolve the devastation in the Joseon. In addition, he thought that Joseon Buddhism was ruined due to the misgovernment of the Joseon Dynasty, but had its own as great tradition as Japanese Buddhism. Therefore, in his opinion, there was a need to do research on Joseon Buddhism and find some way out of the contemporary difficulties. In order to save the situation, he made efforts to protect and revive Joseon Buddhism while paying continuous visits to Joseon Buddhist temples, supporting the publication of Buddhist canons and proposing to have a regular meeting of 'The Invitation of 30 Head Temples.' From his visit to Youngju Temple and his consistent relationship with Kang Daeryeon, it can be assumed that he was involved in reorganizing power structure in Joseon Buddhism and establishing various institutions. He emphasized the strict adherence of individuals and communities to rules in his lecture for students at Jung Ang Hak Rim. It was a way to revive Joseon Buddhism by creating a new social image of Joseon Buddhism. He continued to work for the restoration of Joseon Buddhism even after he retired from Kyeong Sung Il Bo and returned to Japan. He introduced the originality of Joseon Buddhism history to Japan and sent Japanese monks to Korea in order to do research and contribute to exchange between Korean and Japanese Buddhism. All things taken together, it is evident that Abe Mitzihe regarded Joseon as backward or stagnant from a perspective of evolutionist or orientalist, and was a Japanese elite to believe that it was just for Japan to control Korea. However, he was different from other Japanese elites in that he did not considered Joseon Buddhism merely as the object of propagation. He thought that Joseon Buddhism possessed its own great tradition and culture, but was ruined because of the misadministration of the Joseon Royal House. Therefore, in his opinion, Joseon Buddhism should be recovered by means of some supports, and its revival would lead to the restoration of Joseon culture as a whole, which would be realized by Japanese rule over Korea and Japanese elites' generous assistance.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.427-437
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• 2016

This study has the goal of analyzing the techniques and characteristics of urban development, after additionally constructing the high-speed railway in Japan's Kyushu district and building a new railway station to enable the existing traditional stations accommodate with the high-speed railway. Such analysis is made in order to draw the conclusion of its intended (designed) meaning and attributes and to further research on finding an applicable urban development method in the domestic railway station development. The object of this study includes examples of stations renewed within the five years when Shinkansen in the Kyushu district was extended or stations which are in process of development such as Hakata station, Kumamoto station, and Kagoshima-chuo station. From the analysis of this study, the strategies are as follows.; active connecting both geographical location and function of Station, re-establishment of relation with city center and Station, establishment of close linking system for both tourist spot development, methods of Shinkansen line construction and extension a development opposite site of railway, securing the living population from high density & Mixed use development of Station Building.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2012

Objectives : This study examined the selective deficits of executive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury that in normal range of general intelligence level and aimed to analysis of the correlation between K-WAIS result and executive function. Methods : 59 subjects were included in this study, who were diagnosed as mild traumatic brain injury(MTBI) and they have visited in neuropsychiatric department of Wonkwang University Hospital during from March, 2005 to September, 2010. For measurement of general intelligence quotient, the Korean-Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS) was administered and for measurement of executive intelligence quotient(EIQ), Executive Intelligence Test(EXIT) was administered. Results : Of patients, 50.8% included at abnormal EIQ group. The patients of abnormal EIQ showed poorer full scale IQ(FIQ), performance IQ(PIQ) and in subscale that picture arrangement, digit symbol, digit span, block design, object assembly and comprehension were significantly different. In terms of relationships between K-WAIS and EIQ, FIQ and PIQ have positive correlation with EIQ. And in subscale, picture arrangement, digit symbol, digit span, block design, object assembly and comprehension show positive correlation with EIQ. Conclusion : This study suggest that MTBI patients with have normal range of general intelligence level may have deficit of executive function is common. The decline of FIQ, PIQ and some subscales of K-WAIS may suggest executive dysfunction in MTBI patients.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.409-427
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to illustrate how STS-related ideas in science education have been developed historically in the context of British education, particularly focused on the period of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It has been hardly considered that the basic ideas of the STS education, one of the two paradigms of current science education together with constructivism, can be traced back to the beginning of the school science education itself. far beyond some of the programs which are largely regarded as the first-developed STS programs in Britain, such as Science in Society and SISCON. The movement of Mechanics' Institute during the first half of the 19th century would be the first systematic attempt to bridge the gap between the knowledge of pure science and its practical applications, although the main target was working-class adults rather than school pupils. At the end of the first half of the 19th century, this application-focused approach of science teaching was echoed in the elementary schools by Richard Dawes, one of the early experimenters of school science. The second half of the century was in large the period of the establishment of science as one of the core elements of school curriculum, mainly by emphasizing the aspect of pure science as a means for mental training. During this period, the elements of STS education-related appeared in the subject called 'Object Lesson' in elementary schools which was practically a separate subject from those of science. After the turn of the century, triggered by the experience of World War I, the growing appreciation of the impacts of science upon society and of the necessity of the teaching of science for wider audience gave a great impact towards two new main movements, i.e. for General Science and Citizen Science. The later illustrates a typical example of the STS movement in school science during the first half of the 20th century, particularly driven by the socialistic ideas towards the relation between science and society.