• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between eating habits and health among adolescents in Shanghai and Heze, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 2,089 adolescents; 1,089 students were from Shanghai and 999 students from Heze region. Eating habits, weight, height, and nutritional knowledge were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Eating habits score was classified into two categories: healthy eating habits and unhealthy eating habits, based on "Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey", for statistical data analysis. Associations between eating habits, BMI, and nutritional knowledge were examined using a general linear model with adjustment of potential confounding factors such as region, gender, age, parents' education level, and pocket money. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS (version 9.3) program. Proportions of healthy eating habits group were 90.0% for breakfast (3-7 times/wk), 29.1% for fruit (${\geq}once/d$), 12.5% for vegetable (${\geq}3times/d$), 7.3% for milk (${\geq}2times/d$), 90.0% for fast food (<3 times/wk) consumption, respectively. The average BMI score was 20.1 (Shanghai 20.5 Heze 19.6), which is in the range of normal weight. Rates of obesity and overweight were 16.5% and 8.3% in Shanghai and Heze, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between intake frequencies of breakfast, fast food, biscuits, sugar, chocolate, and BMI score. Eating habits and nutritional knowledge score showed a significant positive correlation. These results showed better eating habits regarding eating regularity and consumption of fruits and soft drinks in Chinese adolescents compared with Korean adolescents, although cultural differences were not fully considered. This study demonstrated significant associations of BMI and nutritional knowledge with dietary behavior in Chinese adolescents in two regions of China. Further studies on Chinese adolescents from other regions in China should be considered.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2015

This study investigated differences in nutritional knowledge and eating habits of adolescents living in rural and urban areas of Inner Mongolia, China. A survey was conducted on 869 middle school students in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia: 436 from urban and 433 from rural school. Subjects answered a questionnaire about socio-economic characteristics such as parents' education level and family affluence scale, nutritional knowledge, needs for nutritional education and food habits. Levels of parents' education (p<0.001) and family affluence (p<0.001) were significantly higher in urban students. Nutritional knowledge level of urban students was higher than that of their counterparts (p<0.001). However, rural students reported higher needs for nutritional education (p<0.001). Rural students more frequently consumed snacks (p<0.001) and instant noodles (p<0.001) than urban students. However, consumption frequencies of lunch (p<0.001), dinner (p<0.001), fast food (p<0.001), fruits (p<0.001), vegetables (p<0.001), and milk (p<0.001) were higher in urban students. Considering differences in eating patterns between urban and rural students in Inner Mongolia, appropriate nutritional education programs and nutritional policies should be established for rural students to promote a healthy diet.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.410-422
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• 1998

To promote health status, strategies and interventions to improve nutrition should be based on the proper diagnosis of the subject's eating patterns. The elderly usually have traditional food habits and preferences, and it is very difficult to change them. This study was designed to identify dietary behavior and food preference of the elderly, in order to provide baseline data for the Elderly Nutrition Intervention Program for the Public Health Center. A survey questionnaire was made for use by trained interviewers to query 151elderly people from 5 community elderly centers located in Suwon, Korea. The majority of them ate regularly and partook of all available side dishes. Their major dietary problems were frequent consumptions of salty foods, and eating too quickly. They consumed grains and vegetables regularly, but seldomly ate dairy products, fruits, meat and food prepared with oil. They also tended to eschew ready made processed food, high cholesterol food, and fast food. Also they did not dine out as much as younger people. Desirable eating habit score were not significantly influenced by socioeconomic variables and nutrition-related characteristics. These included nutrition knowledge, Nutritional Risk Index(NRI) and a score of health concerns. However, meal balance scores were significantly higher in the younger group(p<.05), the higher household income group(p<.05). According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, NRI was the most important determinant of a desirable eating habit score for the male elderly, whereas the score of health concerns was mo9st important for female elderly subjects. The greatest predictor of the meal f balance score was nutrition knowledge. The elderly liked sweet tasting food, grains, rice, stews and Korean style soups. They disliked sour food, dairy products, processed food, and bread. The results indicate that the Elderly Nutrition Education Program should focus on increasing consumption of dairy products, fruits and food with oil, prepared by traditional Korean cooking methods. It also suggests that the program planning should consider the socioeconomic status of the elderly, such as income and education level, as well as concern for health.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in nutritional knowledge and food preferences according to food-related lifestyle among 400 married women. Using the K-average clustering method, food-related lifestyles of subjects were categorized into three clusters: rational and diversity-oriented group, convenience-oriented group, and health-oriented group. The nutritional knowledge level and food preferences among three clusters were compared to each other using ANOVA test. The findings were summarized as follows: For the nutritional knowledge level, health-oriented group showed the highest mean score, whereas the lowest score was detected in the convenience-oriented group. The convenience-oriented group showed higher preferences for fish, meat, eggs, fruits, milk/dairy products, seaweed, grains, etc. among natural food than the other groups. Meanwhile, the rational and diversity-oriented group preferred legumes, and green vegetables, whereas the health-oriented group showed preferences for other vegetables. However, the convenience-oriented group reported more preferences for breads, noodles, pancakes, fried/stir-fried food, and processed food such as sausage, ham, and fast food, This study found that nutritional knowledge level and food preferences were significantly different according to food-related lifestyles of married women living in Seoul and Gyonggie areas. Thus, it is suggested that nutritional education targeting married women needs to be carefully designed by considering their food-related lifestyle.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2009

The objective of this research was to assess the dietary habits, food frequency, and nutrition knowledge of young children who like sweets in the Busan area; the study was conducted using survey method with questionnaires. One hundred eighty three children, aged 8 to 9 years, were divided into two groups: the sweet preference group (SPG) and the control group, based on the subjects' scores for sweets-related dietary habits, sweets preference, and sweets frequency. For dietary habits, the score for eating more snacks than meals was significantly higher in the SPG group than the control group. The SPG group members were also more likely to skip breakfast, have irregular meals, and consume instant and fast food more frequently (p<0.001) than the control group. Nutrition knowledge scores for proper snack intake and proper dietary attitude were significantly lower in the SPG than in the control group (p < 0.05). With regard to food frequency, the SPG consumed more bread, cake, chicken, ham, sausage, hamburger, and ice cream, but less fish, tofu, beans, kimchi, bean sprouts, and milk than the control group. Strong positive correlations were noted between sweets preference, sweets frequency, and sweets-related dietary habits, whereas all of them were correlated negatively with nutritional knowledge. Sweets frequency was related negatively to meal regularity, having breakfast, eating the adequate amount of meals, and recommended food frequency.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitudes and nutritional status of preschool children in different income levels in Busan. The survey was conducted from November 1 to November 30, 2004 by questionnaires mid data analyzed by the SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: The Kaup index of the upper income class group was higher than that of the other income classes. In the middle income class group, nutrition knowledge scores were higher than in any other income class. Sixty-four point nine percent of the upper income class children, 25.7% of the middle income class children and 15.7% of the low income class children had nutrition education experiences. Intake of protein was higher than that of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for children. In the upper income class group, intake of calcium was higher than in any other income class. Intakes of calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in all children. Dietary attitude had positive correlation with frequency of breakfast, time for outdoor activity, and height and weight, and had negative correlation with frequency of fast food and time for watching television. Frequency of snack had positive correlation with frequency of fast food and time for watching television, but frequency of breakfast had negative correlation with those. These results indicate that nutrition education programs linking parents to children should be carried out to improve their nutritional status.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

This study had two purposes: first, to develop various health nutrition education materials for preschool children as well as their teachers and parents, and second, to apply the health nutrition education programs systematically. The health nutrition education materials consisted of : 'Salt! I know what it is and eat it', 'Friend! Let's have breakfast.', 'I eat vegetables(rainbow)', 'I hate fat', 'I enjoy exercise', 'I am growing very fast'. 'I am curious about my body', 'My body is important', 'Cigarettes, what are they?', 'What's included in cigarettes?'. 'Smoking, it gives my family pain', 'Let's quit smoking', and 'Let's drink moderately'. During the education period, booklets, wall charts, photographs, food models, videos, animated films, and demonstrations were utilized. Based on age, there were significant differences in the effects of 'I am curious about my body'(p<0.05), 'What is included in cigarettes?'(p<0.01), and 'Smoking, it gives my family pain'(p<0.05). There were also significant differences in 'Salt! I know what it is and eat it', 'Friends! Let's have breakfast.', 'My body is important.' and 'Let's quit smoking'. As a result, to improve food habits and health nutrition knowledge, health nutrition education programs must be presented to day care center children as well as their parents, and persistent education is necessary.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nutrition education on elementary school students based on the theory of multiplex intelligence. Of the 56 elementary school students that participated in this survey, 37 (66.0%) had no siblings. The number of students whose mothers had jobs and those whose mothers did not work were 37 (67.9%) and 18 (32.1%), respectively. Food consumption with ordinary diets was normal in 23 students (41.1%) and the average frequency of snack intake and eating-out was determined to be twice a day (41 students, 73.2%) and once or twice per week (36 students, 64.3%), respectively. The most popular type of food consumed when eating-out was 'fast foods' in 28 students (50.0%). It was determined that on average, 39 students (69.6%) snacked between lunch and dinner time and 31 (55.4%) selected snacks based on information obtained through 'mass media'. Analysis of the effects of nutrition education revealed an increase in the number of correct answers to the question 'foods with high nutritional value are high calorie foods,' with significant difference, but not in other questionnaires. In addition, the correct information for calcium (p<.05), good dietary habits (p<.001), food poisoning (p<.05), and six groups of nutrients in foods (p<.001) improved after nutrition education, with significant differences. As a result, the ratio of correct answers increased after nutrition education, with a significant difference (p<.001). After the education, the experimental group had a higher total score than the control group, with significant difference (p<.01).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.565-573
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• 2015

This study examines the relationships between stress and eating habits of adolescents based on the assumption that adolescents require large amounts of nutrients and that eating habits affect their physical development, academic achievement, and emotional development. For this purpose, 213 adolescents in Gangwondo, Korea, were surveyed. Many studies have reported that stress causes changes in eating habits and affects health status. Based on the dietary action guide scores according to stress categories, eating instant foods less was significant (p<0.001), eating fast foods less was significant (p<0.05), and have soft drinks less was significant (p<0.001). The results suggest the importance of balanced nutrition based on the formation of right dietary habits for adolescents. Good nutrition can be determined through right knowledge of nutrition and dietary habits, and right dietary habits can improve health and physical development as well as mental and emotional stability. The analysis did not compare other regions, and therefore any generalization of the results should be made with caution. However, the results offer important insights into stress among adolescents for their effective counseling.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding, the perception, and the preference of Korean traditional food in 487 middle school boys and girls living in urban and rural areas. The students got 6.66/10 points in the knowledge about Korean traditional food. The girl and the student from nuclear families got significantly higher scores than the boy and the student from extended families respectively. Most of the students(95%) responded that Korean traditional food must be in succession and be developed because it suits Korean tradition of our own and our tastes. However, Korean traditional food must be improved in cooking process to more convenient way and in tastes. Especially students in urban area emphasized cooking process, and students in rural area emphasized tastes. Many students(80%) answered that the households may play the most important role in succeeding and developing Korean traditional food. Most of students(82.5%) thought that the Korean traditional food needs to be made fast food because they need to take it more easily. However, hygiene, taste and nutrition have to be considered. Pulgogi, Mandoo, Rice, Ddeokgook, Chabchae are highly preferred foods while Torantang, Mookuen-Namool, Jutgal, Jeonyoouh are poorly preferred. Some students had never tasted Shinseonro, Goocheolpan, Torantang, Chokpyun and Pyunyook.