• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2014

Differential transcription of the clusterin (CLU) gene yields two CLU isoforms, a nuclear form (nCLU) and a secretory form (sCLU), which play crucial roles in prostate tumorigenesis. Pro-apoptotic nCLU and anti-apoptotic sCLU have opposite effects and are differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells; however, their regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional level are not yet known. Here, we examined the transcriptional regulation of nCLU in response to hypoxia. We identified three putative hypoxia response elements (HREs) in the human CLU promoter between positions -806 and +51 bp. Using a luciferase reporter, electrophoretic gel mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we further showed that hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) bound directly to these sites and activated transcription. Exposure to the hypoxia-mimetic compound $CoCl_2$, incubation under 1% $O_2$ conditions, or overexpression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ enhanced nCLU expression and induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer PC3M cells. However, LNCaP prostate cancer cells were resistant to hypoxia-induced cell death. Methylation-specific PCR analysis revealed that the CLU promoter in PC3M cells was not methylated; in contrast, the CLU promoter in LNCap cells was methylated. Co-treatment of LNCaP cells with $CoCl_2$ and a demethylating agent promoted apoptotic cell death through the induction of nCLU. We conclude that nCLU expression is regulated by direct binding of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ to HRE sites and is epigenetically controlled by methylation of its promoter region.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2010

Purpose : Although eosinophilia is a common laboratory finding in many neonatal intensive care units (ICUs), its causative mechanisms remain obscure. We aimed to determine the causes of eosinophilia in the neonatal ICU environment. Methods : Serial eosinophil counts were determined weekly for 288 hospitalized, appropriately grown neonates. Infants were divided into four groups according to gestational age, and the incidence and etiologic factors of eosinophilia were retrospectively studied. Results : Absolute eosinophilia (>$700/mm^3$) was documented in 18% (52/288) of neonates. Twenty-two infants (42.3%) exhibited mild eosinophilia ($700-999cells/mm^3$), 27 (51.9%) exhibited moderate eosinophilia ($1,000-2,999cells/mm^3$), and 3 (5.8%) exhibited severe eosinophilia (>$3,000cells/mm^3$). Of the 288 infants studied, 54 suffered sepsis. Thirty of these 54 infants (55.6%) showed eosinophilia, and 22 out of the remaining 234 infants (9%) without sepsis showed eosinophilia, indicating that eosinophilia was more prevalent in the sepsis group (P <0.05). All 5 infants suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed eosinophilia, and 47 out of the remaining 283 infants (16.7%) without bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed eosinophilia. Thus, eosinophilia was more prevalent in the bronchopulmonary dysplasia group (P<0.05). Furthermore, increased prevalence of eosinophilia was associated with respiratory distress syndrome, ventilator use, blood transfusion, and total parenteral nutrition (P<0.05). Conclusion : Our results suggest that eosinophilia is influenced by sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, although it can also occur idiopathically at birth. Moreover, the potential role of eosinophils in conditions such as wound healing and fibrosis in sepsis or chronic lung disease may be a cause of eosinophilia.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grows well in harsh environmental conditions, and is cultivated as one of the top seven food crops in the world. Recently, sweetpotato is drawing interest from people as a healthy food because it is high in dietary fiber, vitamins, carotenoids and overall nutrition value. However, few studies have been conducted on sweetpotato genome sequencing in spite of its importance. This review is aimed at increasing the efficiency of sweetpotato genome sequencing research as well as establishing a base for gene utilization in order to control useful traits. Recently, animal and plant genome sequencing projects increased significantly. However, sweetpotato genome sequencing has not been performed due to polyploidy and heterogeneity problems in its genome. Meanwhile research on its transcriptome has been conducted actively. Recently, a draft of the diploid sweetpotato genome was reported in 2015 by Japanese researchers. In addition, the Korea-China-Japan Trilateral Research Association of Sweetpotato (TRAS) has conducted research on gene map construction and genome sequencing of the hexaploid sweetpotato Xushu 18 since 2014. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the 'sweetpotato genomic sequencing to develop genomic tools for Sub-Sahara Africa breeding program'. The chloroplast genome sequence acquired during sweetpotato genome sequencing is used in evolutionary analyses. In this review, the trend of research in the sweetpotato genome sequencing was analyzed. Research trend analysis like this will provide researchers working toward sweetpotato productivity and nutrient improvement with information on the status of sweetpotato genome research. This will contribute to solving world food, energy and environmental problems.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2014

The primary objective of the present study is the characterization of the somatic hybrids of dikaryon-monokaryon (di-mono) crosses in mushroom breeding. We employed this technique for developing superior strains from Pleurotus ostreatus strains with 48 intraspecific hybrids of 12 combinations between six P. ostreatus strains and one P. florida strain. The results on the experiments of hybridization rate, nuclear DNA patterns, and colors and morphology of fruit-bodies, are presented. In di-mono crosses, somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains showed 100% of crossability as seen in those between P. ostreatus and P. florida strains indicating that the nuclei of a dikaryon is inferred to be migrated to a recipient. 87.5% of the somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the donor dikaryons, and 12.5% of the somatic hybrids presented DNA patterns of both parents. In 16.6% of di-mono crosses between P. ostreatus and P. florida, the nuclear DNA patterns of all hybrids showed the same or similar patterns compared to the donor dikaryons. 70.9% of the hybrids between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus were similar to the donor dikaryons and 12.5% of them presented the DNA patterns of both parents. 79.2% of fruiting body morphology of the hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the dikaryons and 20.8% of them were similar to both parents. Interestingly, the morphology of all dikaryons were dissimilar each other. All hybrid strains between dikaryon P. florida and monokaryon P. ostreatus showed the fruiting body of which colors were similar to those of the dikaryon, while the hybrids between dikaryon P. ostreatus and monokaryon P. florida were showed the combined colors of both parents. Therefore, the fruiting body color of P. florida tends to be generally dominant. In conclusion, the present study provides a way to find out and suggest superior hybrid strains using the nuclear DNA patterns of hybrids between Pleurotus strains as well as the characteristics of their fruiting bodies. The advantages of the di-mono crossing are needs to be fully utilized in mushroom breeding because it is an ideal way to develop the superior strains of Pleurotus.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.848-857
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• 2007

Sikhe, a traditional Korean drink, was prepared with Hovenia dulcis extract (HDE), and its quality and storage characteristics were evaluated through sensory and microbial analyses. In the color analysis, the lightness of the Sikhe showed a decreasing tendency according to the addition of HDE, while redness and yellowness increased. The Sikhe prepared with 20% HDE had the highest sugar concentration at 12days of storage ($4^{\circ}C$). Interms of sensory quality, both the 20% and 40% HDE-added Sikhes had the highest overall preference. The microbial cell counts presented no distinct differences early in the storage. period, but the general bacteria counts of the Sikhe made with the increasing concentrations of extracts decreased with a longer storage period. The coliform counts of the Sikhe prepared without HDE (control) was 10.5 CFU/g at 10 days of storage, but the 100% HDE-added Sikhe had a level of 7.9 CFU/g at 16 days of storage. These results indicates that Hovenia dulcis may inhibit normal microbial growth and extend the shelf-life on Sikhe.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2006

The quality characteristics and functional properties of fermented soybean by lactic acid bacteria (FSB) were investigated and compared with those of soybean (control) and commercial cheonggukjang Powder (CGP). The crude protein, lipid, and fiber contents of FSB were similar to those in CGP. The vitamin $B_2$ content in FSB (1.4 mg%) was similar to the control (1.3 mg%) whereas it was remarkably low in the CGP (0.2 mg%). The bright yellow color of FSB determined by Hunter's colormeter was quite different from the dark reddish brown color of the CGP. The pH of FSB was the lowest and thee amino-nitrogen was 517.2 mg%, which was higher than that in CGP (468.1 mg%). Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine were the most abundant amino acids. In particular, the increase in the glutamic acid level was noticeable in FSB. The fatty acid compositions of FSB and CGP were similar to the control. However, the sucrose and fructose levels were lower after fermentation but the glucose level was higher. The results of isoflavone analysis by HPLC showed that the levels of daidzein and genistein in FSB were as much as 48.33 and 52.82 mg%, respectively, which is higher than that found in CGP. The DPPH free radical scavenging effects of FSB and CGP were 1.8 times higher an those of the control. The fibrinolytic activity determined by the diameter of the lysed area on the fibrin plate was the most effective in FSB. In conclusion, it is believed that FSB has a similar or higher quality than CGP. Therefore, FSB is expected to be good functional food material.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 2009

Purposes : The purpose of this study was to analyze factors that could affect health of radiological technologists, which is useful for health care and development of programs for health promotion. Methods : Subjects were 234 of radiological technologists who work in general hospitals. Some questionnaires were made about perceptions of health condition and promotional behavior of health for this study. The questionnaires of health perception were 20 items that consist of the present condition of health, health concern and sensitivity. The reliability was sufficient(Cronbach's $\alpha=0.79$). The other questionnaires about health promotion behavior were 47 items that consist of self-realization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, personal relationships, and stress management. The results turned out to bewas sufficient (Cronbach's $\alpha=0.93$). Every data was treated statistically, comparison of average(t-test, ANOVA), correlation, and multiple regression. Results : Related factors to health promotion behavior were age, marriage, salary, class of one's position, career, employment, and religion, in general features. In health life habit, related factors were smoke and exercise. Results of health promotion behavior was 2.90 of mean score, 0.37 of standard deviation. Correlations between factors of health perception and health promotion behavior was positive(p<0.01). Health promotion behavior were affected by sensitivity, presents condition of health, exercise, smoke, career. Sensitivity was the most affectable variable, which means that promotional behavior score became higher and higher as the score of sensitivity and present condition were increased. In addition, persons who exercise regularly, had been smoked, and has higher career showed higher score of promotional behavior. Conclusion : Radiological technologists have to keep their health, trying not to infected by a disease. Most of all, no smoking and regular exercise are the most important thing to all of members.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.725-736
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• 2017

TThis study investigated the influence of AGH-Ringer (chelated organic minerals liquid fertilizer) on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of 'Jukhyang' strawberry in a hydroponic system. The results revealed that AGH-Ringer group led to significantly higher plant length than that of the control group, and that leaf length and leaf width increased with increasing leaf area. In addition, the fresh and dry weights of leaves and SPAD unit, which measures leaf color also showed a significant increase with AGH-Ringer. However, the length and dry weight of roots did not show significant differences when compared to the control group. In the fruit quality analysis, AGH-Ringer group did not show any difference in fruit length compared to the control group, but it increased both the fruit weight, which, along with the simultaneous increase in fruit width, increased the yield per strawberry. Furthermore, AGH-Ringer group strengthened the red skin color of the fruit, and resulted in significantly greater hardness than that of the control group, but did not have any effect on the soluble solid content and acidity. As shown in the results, the AGH-Ringer group resulted in lesser mineral content and lower to medium EC (electrical conductivity) in comparison to the inorganic mineral hydroponic fertilizer, which was used as a control. However, it increased the leaf growth, fruit weight, and yield, and improved the fruit quality by increasing the soluble solid content in the hydroponic system of 'Jukhyang' strawberry. Therefore, based on this study, AGH-Ringer is thought to be a more effective hydroponic fertilizer than the inorganic mineral hydroponic fertilizer. Moreover, the field experiment demonstrated that AGH-Ringer is a useful hydroponic fertilizer convenient for application in farms. This study also proved that AGH-Ringer is a fertilizer that can promote plant nutrition by controlling the salinity of the soil and facilitating the absorption of necessary minerals in future soil cultivation, thereby providing basic data for organic farming.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 1990

The study reserches the related contents of the health education in the existing gymnastics and the domestics textbook, catches learning-Ulaching contents by the health-control function and compares the contents with the health-education curriculum of the Texas State in America. This study is questioned and reserched the general features of the teachers who is change in the health education, their attitudes about the teaching of it, and the recognition degree about their health education. The results above is like the following. 1. Learning-teaching contents by the health-control function. The domestics and gymnastics which contains the health education contents, is not discripted continually and at the same time is short of the contents in the health-control function according to the students' individual domains. Also the recent serious problems, (that is, Smoking, Drinking and Medical poisoning, Emotion, and Psychic domains) were no mentioned. 1) In gymnastics textbook, the physical domains are mentioned 8, 9 in juinor, and senior class, the affective, psychic domains only senior class and the social domains only 1 grade except junior and senior class. Growth-development function is concentratedly stated only 1 grade in physical domains and there is no stated in. The social domains are referred a little in senior class. In cure-recovery functions, the physical domains is being taught in 2, and 3 grade, but not 1 grade. Specially, the social domains are being taught in all grade, but, the affective domains are not at all 2) In the subject of domestics, the physical domains of the daily life functions are taught in all the years, but the emotional, mental domains are taught a little in 1 and 2 grades. The growth-development functions are being taught about the nutrition-health, in the physical parts of all graries, and the emotional-mental, social domains are being taught some in 7 and 8 grade except 3 grade, he cure-recovery functions ere taught in only 1 grade, the contents of rehabilitative functions are not being taught like gymnastics. 2. The general characteristics of the health-education teachers and the health-education. In the calss field, the average age of gymnastics-teachers is from 35 to 40 years old, and it of domestics teachers is from 24 to 29 years old. 1) In the class-hours a week, the gymnastics teachers take lessons 3 hours (75.6%) and the domestics teachers 4 hours (65.6%). In "the health-lessons hours alloted"in a semister, 3 or 4 hours is 38.7% and no hours is 18.0% in gymnastics teachers. On the other hand, there is no hours to teach the health-education in domestics teachers. About the opinion: the health subject must be taught as a independent subject, 42.9% of the gymnastics teachers agreed and 45.3 % of the domestics teachers did. 2) The factors which have an influence upon the health-teachers #. In age, the class lesson hours of a week(r= .0014), the confident manner about the lessons(r= .0485) and the necessity of the lessons (r= .0316) are closely related one another. #. In sexes, the lesson hours a class(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the confident manner about the class(r= .0001). the quantity of lesson(r= .0001): and, the teacher's belief(r= .0264) are co-related one another. #. In subject in change. the class hours a week(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health-lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson(r= .0114) are co-related each other. #. In majority, the class lesson hours a week(r= .0000) the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson are co-related each other. The quantity of lesson and the confidence about the lesson (r= .3223) and the quantity of lesson and the interest of lesson (r= .2450) are co-related each other.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.781-786
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• 2013

Nutrients fortified dairy products declare their contents on the label for nutrition claim and marketing. However, there are few monitoring studies about relations between actual quantities of fortified nutrients and the described ones on the label. This study was carried out for comparing actual fortified nutrient contents with labeled ones. Forty calcium fortified dairy products and twenty four fructooligosaccharides (FOS) fortified dairy products were sampled at supermarkets located in Anyang, Korea from March to November in 2010. Calcium contents were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry followed by microwave sample digestion, and FOS contents were analyzed by HPLC-ELSD followed by solvent extraction. In fresh milk, calcium contents ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 mg/mL, and those values were 87~127% of their labeled contents. In fermented milk products and cheeses, calcium contents ranged from 0.3 to 1.6 mg/g (89~131% of their labeled contents), 4.2 to 23.0 mg/g (83~127% of their labeled contents), respectively. FOS contents ranged from 9.09 to 18.89 mg/g in FOS contents labeled products and showed 83~154% compared to their labeled quantity, and ranged from 1.3~30.8 mg/g in products without quantity labeling. In conclusion, the amounts of calcium and FOS in dairy products were above 80% compared to their labeled ones and conformed to the Korean official livestock products labeling standard.