• Title/Summary/Keyword: nutrient efficiency

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Integrated Evaluation of Advanced Activated Sludge Processes Based on Mathematical Model and Fuzzy Inference (수학적 모델 및 퍼지 추론에 의한 고도 활성슬러지 공정의 통합 평가)

  • Kang, Dong-Wan;Kim, Hyo-Su;Kim, Ye-Jin;Choi, Su-Jung;Cha, Jae-Hwan;Kim, Chan-Won
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2010
  • At present, the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is being constructing to keep pace with the reinforced standard of effluent quality and the traditional activated sludge process of preexistence is being promoting to retrofit. At the most case of retrofitting, processes are subjected to be under consideration as alternative BNR process for retrofitting. However, process evaluation methods are restricted to compare only treatment efficiency. Therefore, when BNR process apply, process evaluation was needed various method for treatment efficiency as well as sludge production and aeration cost, and all. In this study, the evaluation method of alternative process was suggested for the case for retrofitting S wastewater treatment plant which has been operated the standard activated sludge process. Three BNR processes for evaluation of proper alternatative process were selected and evaluated with suggested method. The selected $A^2$/O, VIP and DNR processes were evaluated using the mathematical model which is time and cost effective as well as gathered objective evaluation criteria. The evaluation between 5 individual criteria was possible including sludge production and energy efficiency as well as treatment performance. The objective final decision method for selection of optimal process was established through the fuzzy inference.

Biofiltration Efficiency of Saccharina japonica for Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) (다영양입체양식을 위한 다시마(Saccharina japonica)의 생물여과효과)

  • Park, Mi-Seon;Min, Byung-Hwa;Kim, Young-Dae;Yoo, Hyun-Il
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.351-357
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    • 2012
  • To determine whether the seaweed Saccharina japonica can effectively utilize dissolved nutrients from Sebastes schlegeli fish cultures, a laboratory experiment was conducted in a static system for 7 days at ESFRI, NFRDI in Korea. The experiment included an S. schlegeli monoculture system and an S. schlegeli-S. japonica IMTA system. Saccharina schlegeli density ($415{\pm}24g$; mean${\pm}$SE) remained the same in all treatments, whereas seaweed density varied across treatments of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kg (control and T1-T4, respectively). During the experiment, nutrient ($NH_4^+$ and $PO_4^{3-}$) concentrations were measured at 24-h intervals. $NH_4^+$ concentration of the control group increased from $0.117{\pm}0.021mg/L$ at the start of experiment to $5.836{\pm}0.904mg/L$ at the end of experiment. $NH_4^+$ concentrations of each treatment were $3.004{\pm}0.040$, $2.086{\pm}0.133$, $1.642{\pm}0.121$ and $0.775{\pm}0.007mg/L$ in T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, at the end of experiment. The concentration of $PO_4^{3-}$ exhibited a similar trend to $NH_4^+$ concentration. $NH_4^+$ and $PO_4^{3-}$ concentrations significantly decreased with increased S. japonica thallus density each day (P<0.05). The nutrient removal efficiency (NRE) and nutrient uptake rate (NUR) showed different relationships with changes in thallus density; NRE increased but NUR decreased as thallus density increased. Based on measured concentrations of $NH_4^+$ and S. japonica weight, regression analysis defined the relationship between as an exponential function, $Y=3.8165e^{-0.505X}$ ($R^2$ = 0.9552). Our results demonstrated that S. japonica can function as an efficient component in IMTA with environmental and potentially economic benefits for fish hatcheries.

Influence of Fertilization Treatment using Organic Amendment based on Soil Testing on Plant Growth and Nutrient use Efficiency in Cabbage (토양검정에 의한 유기자원 시비처방이 양배추의 생육 및 양분이용효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Jin-Soo;Lee, Bang-Hyun;Kang, Seung-Hee;Lee, Tae-Guen
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2020
  • BACKGROUND: In this study, in order to verify the effects of supplemented organic amendment fertilizers recommended by the soil testing on cabbages, we used various amounts of organic amendment fertilizers. The amount of organic amendment fertilizers was decided by calculating each ratio of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium based on the recommended fertilizer composition. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cabbages subjected to treatments 1 and 2 showed similar or greater leaf colors (SPAD values), head heights, head widths, head weight, soil organic matter content, nitrate-nitrogen level, and conductivity after harvest, when compared with cabbages treated with chemical fertilizers. The phosphorus and potassium fixation in the soil were higher in the plot where cabbages were treated with chemical fertilizers, and the nutrient use efficiency was greater in the plots with organic amendments and mineral addition. CONCLUSION: The treatments 1 and 2 that were supplemented with 180-200% of nitrogen, 100-130% of phosphorus, and 185-250% of potassium in comparison to chemical fertilizers, applied by the inorganic ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used as organic amendment fertilizers for cabbages.

A Study on the Treatment of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in Wastewater through Spatial Separation and Internal Recycling in a Modified Oxidation Ditch (격벽에 의한 조분리와 내부반송을 이용한 산화구 시설의 고도처리개선에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Young-Shin;Oh, Dae-Min
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.64-72
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    • 2011
  • This study was performed to assess the removal efficiency on nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in wastewater by spatial separation and internal recycling in a modified oxidation ditch process (modified OD). The performances of the modified OD were evaluated via laboratory-scale experiments. The process was operated at hydraulic retention times of 6-48 hours and solid retention times of 17-38 days. We found that organic carbon removal efficiency increased after the modified OD operation period. T-N removal efficiency remained stable; average T-N concentration of effluent was 8.02 mg/l after modified OD operation. In contrast, T-P concentration of effluent was over 1 mg/l. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of modified OD at HRT 12 hr were 83.1% and 74.1%, respectively. Also, maximum efficiency was found at SRTs from 20 to 30 days. T-N removal efficiency was 83.1% at a C/N ratio from 3.0 to 3.5. However, T-N removal efficiency decreased at C/N ratios over 3.5. Also, T-P removal efficiency increased with HRT at C/P ratios in the same condition. Maximum efficiency was 74.1% at a C/P ratio from 25 to 28. T-N removal efficiency was 79.2% and T-P removal efficiency was 65.3% after M4 mode operation (added to the internal recycle line connected to the anoxic reactor). The modified OD with spatial separation and internal recycling developed in this study is, therefore, believed to be an improvement for solving problems in the nutrient removal technologies.

Effect of Carbohydrate Source and Cottonseed Meal Level in the Concentrate on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Swamp Buffaloes

  • Wanapat, Metha;Pilajun, R.;Polyorach, S.;Cherdthong, A.;Khejornsart, P.;Rowlinson, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.26 no.7
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    • pp.952-960
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal level in the concentrate on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffaloes. Four, 4-yr old rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) and CC+rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1), and factor B was level of cottonseed meal (CM); 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) in isonitrogenous diets (490 g CP/kg). Buffaloes received urea-treated rice straw ad libitum and supplemented with 5 g concentrate/kg BW. It was found that carbohydrate source did not affect feed intake, nutrient intake, digested nutrients, nutrient digestibility, ammonia nitrogen concentration, fungi and bacterial populations, or microbial protein synthesis (p>0.05). Ruminal pH at 6 h after feeding and the population of protozoa at 4 h after feeding were higher when buffalo were fed with CC than in the CR3:1 treatment (p<0.05). Buffalo fed with HCM had a lower roughage intake, nutrient intake, population of total viable and cellulolytic bacteria and microbial nitrogen supply than the LCM fed group (p<0.05). However, nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia concentration, population of protozoa and fungi, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were not affected by cottonseed meal levels (p>0.05). Based on this experiment, concentrate with a low level of cottonseed meal could be fed with cassava chips as an energy source in swamp buffalo receiving rice straw.

Effects of Nutrient Solution Composition and Cutting Size on Growth of Virus-free Sweet Potato Plant in Nutrient Film Technique (NFT 수경재배에서 양액 종류 및 삽수 크기가 고구마 바이러스 무병주 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoo, Kyoung-Ran;Lee, Seung-Yeob;Bae, Jong-Hyang
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.686-693
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    • 2012
  • To develop a technique for mass-propagation of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plant using nutrient film technique (NFT), the growth characteristics of 4 cultivars as affected by nutrient solution composition and cutting size were investigated. 72 cells (35 mL/cell) plug trays filled with vermiculite and perlite (1:1, v/v) were used. Vine length, fresh and dry weights of virus-free plants were the greatest in the nutrient solution recommended by National Horticultural Research Station in Japan, followed by that recommended by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in Korea, and Yamazaki's nutrient solution for lettuce. The growth of uppershoot cuttings was the best among 4 subsections of cutting. Vine length, and fresh and dry weights increased in the longer cutting treatments, and were better in 'Shinzami' and 'Yeonhwangmi' than those in 'Mannami' and 'Shincheonmi'. Vine diameter and length of the longest root were not significantly affected by the cutting size and cutting source. The growth characteristics of the single node cutting were not significantly different from those in 2-node cutting. The efficiency of rapid mass-propagation could be promoted with single node cuttings and uppershoot cuttings grown in NFT system.

Effect of Chicken Manure Compost Application on the Growth of Vegetables and Nutrients Utilization in Upland Soil (계분퇴비 시용이 채소류 생육과 양분이용율에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jong-Gu;Lee, Kyeong-Bo;Lee, Deog-Bae;Lee, Sang-Bok;Kim, Seong-Jo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1998
  • To evaluate the effect of chicken manure compost(CMC) application on nutrient utilization and reduction of N fertilizer application for vegetables such of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, four different application rates of CMC such as 0, 10, 30. $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were amended with three different rates of chemical fertilizer of 0, 15, $300kg\;ha^{-1}$. The efficiency of nutrient utilization on CMC were in the order of N, P, K. For each respective nutrient utilization by cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, N were 29%, 20%, 14%; P were 10%,<1%, and <1% ; K were 5%, 22%, 32%. The greater application of CMC, the less the efficiency, while the efficiency of P was increased with increasing application of CMC. The highest efficiency of nutrient utilization was found in $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The amounts of reduction of N fertilizer application in soils amended with $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of CMC with respect to maintain the normal production of each vegetables observed in this experiment were as follows: $25kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $15kg\;ha^{-1}$ less, and $13kg\;ha^{-1}$ more than the recommended rate for cabbage, eggplant, and reddish, respectively. For elution of available of N by the application of CMC, there was a gradual increase up to 30 day, then gradually decreased. However, there was increase of N eluted in the application of $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$. For soil chemical properties, pH, T-N, OM, and $P_2O_5$ were increased with increased application of CMC, as well as did cations such as K, Ca, and Mg. Yield and glucose of cabbage was significantly increased at the application of $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ CMC, but content of nitrate in eggplant and raddish was highly increased with increasing application of N fertilizer and CMC. By the way, the yields of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant were slightly decreased with CMC application greater than $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$.

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Characteristics of Bacillus sp. for wastewater treatment

  • Kim, Sang-Hui;Lee, Min-Gyu;Lee, Byeong-Heon;Kim, Jung-Gyun
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.361-364
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    • 2000
  • To remove nitrogen compound from wastewater six kinds of bacillus were isolated from sludge. Each bacillus was identified as B. subtillis $I{cdot}II$, B. cereus $I{cdot}II$, B. anthracis, B. circulans. The test of effect of nutrient and cofector on the nitrogen removal showed that peptone, yeast extract, magnesium, iron, and calsium accerated the efficiency of nitrogen removal. In syringe test aerobic nitrification and denitrification was occured.

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Effect of Ca/K+Mg Ratio in Nutrient Solution on Photosynthesis, Stomatal Resistance, Water Use Efficiency and Transpiration in Butterhead and Leaf Lettuce. (배양액내 Ca/K+Mg 비율이 상추의 광합성, 기공저항, 수분이용효율 및 증산에 미치는 영향)

  • 최기영;차영수;이용범
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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    • 1998.10a
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    • pp.126-128
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    • 1998
  • 토양의 완충능이 없는 양액재배에서 Ca 흡수는 양이온과의 길항작용, 온도, 습도 및 염류농도 등에 의해 변화된다. 배양액내 무기 양이온 중 Ca 과 K, Mg의 복합비율 조성에 따른 상추의 광합성, 기공저항, 수분이용효율 및 증산량을 측정하여 상추 tipburn에 관여하는 Ca 흡수를 알아보고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. (중략)

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