Effect of Chicken Manure Compost Application on the Growth of Vegetables and Nutrients Utilization in Upland Soil

계분퇴비 시용이 채소류 생육과 양분이용율에 미치는 영향

To evaluate the effect of chicken manure compost(CMC) application on nutrient utilization and reduction of N fertilizer application for vegetables such of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, four different application rates of CMC such as 0, 10, 30. $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were amended with three different rates of chemical fertilizer of 0, 15, $300kg\;ha^{-1}$. The efficiency of nutrient utilization on CMC were in the order of N, P, K. For each respective nutrient utilization by cabbage, reddish, and eggplant, N were 29%, 20%, 14%; P were 10%,<1%, and <1% ; K were 5%, 22%, 32%. The greater application of CMC, the less the efficiency, while the efficiency of P was increased with increasing application of CMC. The highest efficiency of nutrient utilization was found in $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The amounts of reduction of N fertilizer application in soils amended with $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of CMC with respect to maintain the normal production of each vegetables observed in this experiment were as follows: $25kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $15kg\;ha^{-1}$ less, and $13kg\;ha^{-1}$ more than the recommended rate for cabbage, eggplant, and reddish, respectively. For elution of available of N by the application of CMC, there was a gradual increase up to 30 day, then gradually decreased. However, there was increase of N eluted in the application of $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$. For soil chemical properties, pH, T-N, OM, and $P_2O_5$ were increased with increased application of CMC, as well as did cations such as K, Ca, and Mg. Yield and glucose of cabbage was significantly increased at the application of $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ CMC, but content of nitrate in eggplant and raddish was highly increased with increasing application of N fertilizer and CMC. By the way, the yields of cabbage, reddish, and eggplant were slightly decreased with CMC application greater than $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$.

채소 노지재배시 계분퇴비 시용량에 따른 채소류별 양분이용율과 질소비료 절감량을 산출하기 위하여 계분퇴비 0, 10, 30, $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$를 시용하고 질소질비료수준을 0, 150, $300kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용하여 채소 종류별로 양배추, 무, 가지를 공시하여 얻은 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 계분퇴비 시용시 채소류의 양분이용율은 질소>칼리>인산순으로 많았으며, 채소류별의 질소이용율은 양배추 29%, 가지 20%, 무 14% 였으며, 인산이용율은 양배추 10%, 무, 가지는 0.7~1%로 극히 적었고, 칼리이용율은 가지 32%, 무 22%, 양배추 5% 순이었다. 가축분 $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용시에 양분이용율이 가장 높았으며 시용량이 증가될수록 감소되었지만 엽채류의 인산이용율은 시용량이 증가될수록 증가되는 경향이었다. 채소류별 질소질비료 절감량은 계분퇴비 $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용시 양배추는 $25kg\;ha^{-1}$, 가지는 $15kg\;ha^{-1}$ 감비가 가능하였고, 무는 $13kg\;ha^{-1}$를 증비해야 수량이 유지되었다. 가용성질소의 용출정도는 계분퇴비 시용30일까지 증가되다가 그 후 점차 감소되었으나, $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 이상 시용시는 채소생육 후기에 질소용출량이 증가되는 경향이었다. 토양의 화학성변화는 계분퇴비 시용량이 증가될수록 pH, T-N, OM, $P_2O_5$과 K. Ca, Mg 등 양이온 함량이 증가되었다. 양배추의 규격상품율과 전당함량은 계분퇴비 $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용시 가장 높았고 무, 가지중의 질산함량은 질소시비량과 계분퇴비시용량이 증가될수록 증가되었다. 채소류 수량은 계분퇴비 시용량 및 질소시용량이 증가 될수록 증수되는 경향이었으나, 계분퇴비 $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 이상 시용시는 양배추, 무 수량이 약간 감소되는 경향이었다.