• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2009

Surfactant polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-95) 1, 2, 4mg. $L^{-1}$ and calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) 5, 25, 50, 100mg. $L^{-1}$ were treated to the nutrient solution containing 1.0mg. $L^{-1}$ selenium (Se) to evaluate Se absorption effect using small DFT apparatus. The growth of leaf lettuce and pak-choi did not show unique significance by surfactant kinds and concentration in the tested range and physiological disorder. Vitamin C in leaves of two leafy vegetables was not significantly affected by surfactants also. Among major cations K content in pak-choi was highest in Se I+PVA-95 4mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment, and high in Se I+CLS 5 mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment. Ca content in two leafy vegetables showed increasing pattern by the two kinds of surfactants. Mg content was high in Se I+CLS 25mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment compared to control. Pak-choi absorbed Se about 10 times higher than leafy lettuce. Se content in leaves of two leafy vegetables increased by the treatment of two kinds of surfactants with the exception of CLS 100mg. $L^{-1}$ treatment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2019

Cancer is genetically, metabolically and infectiously induced life threatening disorder showing aggressive growing pattern with invasive tendency. In order to prevent this global menace from jeopardizing human life, enormous studies on carcinogenesis and treatment for chemotherapy resistance have been intensively researched. Hinokitiol (${\beta}$-thujaplicin) extracted from heart wood of cupressaceous is a well-known bioactive compound demonstrating anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria and anti-cancer effects on several cancer types via apoptosis and autophagy. This study proposed that hinokitiol activates transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation for autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis regardless of nutrient condition in cancer cells. Mitophagy and ${\beta}$-catenin translocation into the nucleus under treatment of hinokitiol on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and HeLa cells were investigated. Hinokitiol exerted cytotoxicity on HeLa and HCC827 cells; moreover, artificially induced autophagy by overexpression of TFEB granted imperfect sustainability onto HeLa cells. Taken together, hinokitiol is the prominent autophagy inducer and activator of TFEB nuclear translocation. Alternative cancer therapy via autophagy is pros and cons since the autophagy in cancer cells is related to prevention and survival mechanism depending on nutrition. To avoid paradox of autophagy in cancer therapy, fine-tuned regulation and application of hinokitiol in due course for successful suppressing cancer cells are recommended.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrition status, growth and fruit quality of 'Campbell Early' grapes in Hwaseong area. Organic matter content of 3 vineyard soils was significantly lower than standard value. P₂O₅ and K contents of Y vineyard and P₂O₅ of C vineyard were very high. But there were no significant differences in contents of Ca, Mg and CEC. Compared to the standard value. T-N, Ca and Mg contents of petiole were adequate. P₂O₅ contents of Y and C vineyard and K contents of Y vineyard were significantly higher than standard value. Berry firmness, color and bloom occurrence on fruit skin showed no differences among 3 vineyard. Soluble solids content poorly, yield per tree and goods fruit of C vineyard decreased significantly compared to the fruit in Y and H vineyards. Russetted fruit of Y vineyard, colored fruit of H vineyard, and unfertilized fruit, cracked fruit, and bitter rot were observed frequently.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2018

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of application method and concentration of gibberellin $A_3$ ($GA_3$) on the growth, runner production, and seedling quality of strawberry plants (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) during nursery period. The mother plants of strawberry were transplanted in pot ($64{\times}27{\times}18cm$) filled with commercial growing medium on March 20, 2018. $GA_3$ concentration was applied as 0, 50, 100 or $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ with spray or drench to 45 mL per plant at 4 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Nutrient solution was supplied with the EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after the transplanting and supplied 350 mL per pot twice a day (15 min per one time) after rooting. The growth characteristics of mother plants of strawberry were measured at 7 weeks after treatment, and growth characteristics of daughter plants of strawberry were measured at 10 weeks after treatment. Runner length and diameter of mother plant was the longest or thickest in the spray with $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ than the other treatments, respectively. Soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value of mother plant was the lowest in spray with $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. However, leaf length, leaf width, and crown diameter showed no significant differences in all treatment among application method and concentration of $GA_3$. As the concentration of $GA_3$ increased, physiological disorder like stretchiness of crown occurred more. The physiological disorder was the most occurred in spray treatment with $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, but drench treatment occurred less than spray treatment. The number of runners and daughter plants increased with increasing concentration of $GA_3$ regardless of application methods. In the growth characteristics of the daughter plants, leaf length and leaf width of first daughter plant, plant height, crown diameter, leaf area and SPAD value of second daughter plant, and plant height of third daughter plant were the significantly greatest in drench with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment. This results indicate that growth and runner production of mother plants and growth of daughter plants of strawberry were the best achieved by drench application in the $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.641-646
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• 2013

Chemical properties of agricultural soils in Korea have been investigated at four-year interval in order of paddy, polytunnel, upland, and orchard soils since 1999; polytunnel soils were investigated over the whole country in 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012. Polytunnel soils were taken from the surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) at 2,651, 1,274, 1,374 and 1,374 sites in all provinces of South Korea. One hundred sampling sites located in more than 400 m altitude were additionally investigated in 2008 and 2012. Average of soil chemical properties in 2012 except Jeju province were 6.6 for pH, 3.2 dS $m^{-1}$ for EC, 37 g $kg^{-1}$ for organic matter (OM), 1,049 mg $kg^{-1}$ for available (Avail.) phosphate, 1.58 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for exchangeable (Exch.) K, 10.6 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Exch. Ca, and 3.3 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Exch. Mg. Except pH, averages of all chemical properties exceeded the upper limit of optimal range. The median values except pH showed a lower value than the averages. The pH, OM and Exch. Ca had slightly increased from 6.3 to 6.6, from 34 to 37 g $kg^{-1}$, and from 7.7 in 2000 to 10.6 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in 2012, respectively. The order of sample ratios exceeding the optimal range were Avail. $P_2O_5$ (83%) > Exch. Ca (80%) > Exch. K (70%) > Exch. Mg (65%) > EC (55%) > OM (48%) > pH (29%) in 2012. The order of sample ratios below the optimal range was OM (25%) > Exch. K (25%) > pH (20%), Exch. Mg and Avail. $P_2O_5$ (9%) > Exch. Ca (6%) in 2012. The excessive proportion of pH, Exch. Ca, Exch. Mg and OM slightly increased, while the insufficient proportion of those decreased. Approximately 55% of polytunnel soils exceeding EC 2 dS $m^{-1}$ was evaluated with salt accumulated soils having the risk of growth disorder of crops. Nutrient contents in polytunnel soils in Korea showed high level especially Avail. $P_2O_5$ and Exch. cations. Therefore, recommended fertilization based on soil testing or plant testing is needed for soil nutrient management.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the responses of plant growth and blossom-end rot (BER) incidence to calcium (Ca) and its three kinds of antagonistic cations (K, Mg, and $NH_4$-N) with various ratios in nutrient solution for sweet paper (Capsicum annuum L. 'RZ208'). Both Ca to each cation and Ca to a series of cation combinations, such as potassium (K), ammonium nitrate ($NH_4$), or magnesium (Mg) were more influential to the fruit growth and quality than plant growth. Especially, the BER incidence was significantly influenced by the ratio treatments. For examples, when Ca:(K + Mg) or Ca:(K + Mg + $NH_4$) ratio was 1:2 the highest incident rate of BER about 70.3 or 86.3% was observed, lowering the marketable yield to 19 or 13.7% of the total yield, respectively. The correlation coefficiencies (= r) to relationships between the BER and K as well as BER and $NH_4$ were 0.82 (P < 0.05) and 0.65 (P < 0.05), respectively. Combination only with the Mg element was not correlated with the BER incidence. However, when both of the K and Mg concentrations were 0.65 (P < 0.05). The highest correlation coefficiency, 0.92 (P < 0.05), was found to a relationship between the BER and the tree elemental combination.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.477-483
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of copper concentrations in fertilizer solution on the growth of and nutrient uptake by domestically bred strawberries. The characterization of toxicity symptoms as well as tissue analyses based on dry weight of above ground tissue were also conducted to determine the threshold levels in plants when toxicity developed in copper. The dry weights of the above ground tissue were not significantly different among the treatments of 0.25 mM to 1.0 mM in 'Keumhyang' and 'Maehyang' strawberries and that of 0.25 mM to 3.0 mM in 'Seolhyang' strawberry. This indicates that the 'Seolhyang' strawberry is more tolerant to copper toxicity than 'Keumhyang' or 'Maehyang' strawberries. Application of copper at high concentrations resulted in severe toxicity such as death of extensive areas of leaves. The lower leaves became yellow and die rapidly as the symptoms spread up the plants. The leaf blades and petioles died back to the crown and hang on by mechanical attachment. Symptoms of copper toxicity in lower leaves developed as browning on leaf margins and in patches between leaf veins that became necrotic. The elevation of copper concentrations in fertilizer solution did not influence the tissue phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents based on the dry weight of the above ground tissue. The tissue copper contents increased lineally as the copper concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated. But the tissue iron, manganese and boron contents were not influenced by the concentrations. When the concentration of copper at which growth of a plant is retarded by 10% is regarded as threshold level, the copper contents based on dry weight of above ground plant tissue should be lower than 71.4, 57.9 and 74.8 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in 'Keumhyang', 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' strawberries, respectively. The symptom characterization and established threshold level in copper toxicity would help growers to prevent the reduction of crop growth and yield in 'Seolhyang' strawberry cultivation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of molybden (Mo) concentrations in fertilizer solution on the growth of and nutrient uptake by domestically bred strawberries. Tissue analysis based on the dry weight was also conducted to determine the threshold levels in plants when Mo toxicity developed in strawberries. The leaf chlorophyll contents decreased lineally as Mo concentrations in the fertilizer solution were elevated. The differences among treatments in chlorophyll contents were statistically significant. The fresh and dry weights decreased significantly when the Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution were higher than 3.0 mM in 'Keumhyang' and 'Maehyang' strawberries and 1.0 mM in 'Seolhyang' strawberry. The elevation of Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution resulted in severe toxicity and crops developed the unique symptoms. The margin of older leaves became yellow and desiccated. Then, the margin of leaf blade rapidly became bronze colored and died as the symptoms spread up the plants. The interveinal area of the young leaves became yellowing. The elevation of Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution did not influence the tissue P, K, and Mg contents based on the dry weight. The tissue Ca contents were higher in 1.0 mM treatment than other treatments of 'Keumhyang' and 'Seolhyang' strawberries. The tissue Mo contents based on the dry weight of 'Keumhyang', 'Maehyang', and 'Seolyahng' strawberries were 76.5, 104.0, and 187.3 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively, in the 0.25 mM treatments and 4,155, 5,367, and 2,190 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively, in the 4.0 mM treatments. The contents increased lineally as Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated. When the concentration of Mo at which growth of crops were retarded by 10% is regarded as threshold level, the Mo contents based on dry weight of above ground plant tissue should be lower than 653.4, 686.2, and 589.7 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, in 'Keumhyang', 'Maehyang', and 'Seolyahng' strawberries, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.743-749
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• 2010

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of various potassium concentrations in fertilizer solution on growth of and nutrient uptake by 'Chugyang' eggplant ($Solanum$ $melongena$ L.). Tissue analyses were conducted to determine the threshold levels of potassium in plants when disorders develop for potassium. The lower leaves of K deficient plants became spotted, yellowing in color, and finally necrosis occurred. The necrosis spread inward and upward. K toxic plants developed necrotic spot at the margin of old leaves and the surface of old leaves were twisted. The tissue K contents in the most recently fully expanded leaves and dry weight of full above ground plant tissue at 35 days after transplanting showed linear and quadratic response to elevated K concentrations with the equation of y=1.127+0.3147x ($R^2$=0.8916) and y=14.92+2.2743x-$0.1402x_2$ ($R^2$=0.8659). When 10% reduction in dry weight set to threshold levels, optimum tissue K contents are in the range from 2.1 to 5.1%. The yield through 150 days after transplanting and tissue K contents at 150 days after transplanting also showed quadratic and linear responses to elevated potassium concentrations in fertigation solution with the equation of y=153.24+345.5x-$18.46x^2$ ($R^2$=0.8620) and y=0.9921+0.3860x ($R^2$=0.9611), respectively. When the 10% reduction in yield is set to threshold levels, the tissue K contents for maximum yield should be around 3.4% to 5.9% in most recently fully expanded leaves.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the association among bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone markers, nutrients, and salt intake in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We evaluated 431 subjects who visited a health promotion center of a university hospital between January 2008 and July 2009. We excluded those who were taking medications or who had an endocrine disorder affecting osteoporosis. The subjects were divided into premenopausal (n = 283) and postmenopausal (n = 143) women. We evaluated the correlation among BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femoral, as well as biochemical bone markers, hormone, serum profiles, general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and food intake frequencies. From a stepwise multiple regression analysis, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with osteocalcin (OC)(p < 0.001), Femoral neck BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with C-telopeptide (CTx) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)(p < 0.001, p < 0.05). In premenopausal women, femoral total BMD was positively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with CTx (p < 0.001). In postmenopausal women, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with calcium intake (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with sodium intake (p < 0.01). Femoral neck and femoral total BMD were both positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001), and femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with age and ALP (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Femoral total BMD was negatively correlated with age and OC (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). These results suggest that reducing sodium intake may play an important role delaying bone resorption and preventing a decrease in BMD.