• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.297-316
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• 2002

In this paper, a teaching unit on series of number sentences with patterns is designed according to Wittmann's perspectives. In this paper, series of number sentences wish patterns means number sentences in which some patterns are contained. especially, seven kinds of number sentences wish patterns are offered as basic materials, and fifteen tasks based on these basic materials are offered. These tasks are for ninth grade students and higher grade students. These tasks heap students to recognize patterns, and to understand mechanism underlying in those patterns by looking for patterns and proving whether these patterns are generally hold. As working on these tasks, students can reinforce meaning of algebraic expression, its manipulation, and concept of number series. Students also can reinforce mathematical thinking such as analogical thinking, deductive thinking, etc. In this point, this teaching unit reveal important objectives, contents, and Principles of mathematics education. This teaching unit can also be rich sources for student's activities. Especially, for each task's level is different, each student's personal ability is considered fully. Since teachers can know mathematical facet, psychological facet, and didactical facet holistically, this teaching unit can offer broad possibilities for experimental studies. SD, this leaching unit can be said to be substantial. In this paper, this leaching unit is not applied in classroom directly. Actually such applying in classroom is suggested as follow-up studies. By appling this teaching unit in various classroom, some effective informations for teaching this teaching unit and some particular phenomenons in those teaching processes can be identified, and this teaching unit can be revised to be better one.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.502-514
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to identify the level of number sense, the attitude toward mathematics and the mathematics teaching efficacy of pre-service elementary special education teachers and to verify the mediation effect of mathematics teaching efficacy between number sense and attitude toward mathematics. 70 university students participated in research. The results from this study are as following: First, the level of number sense among pre-service elementary special education teachers was not so high. They had negative attitude toward mathematics and their mathematics teaching efficacy was on the average level. Second, positive correlationships were shown between number sense and attitude toward mathematics and between number sense and mathematics teaching efficacy. The mediating effect of the mathematics teaching efficacy in the relationship between number sense and attitude toward mathematics was found. The limitations of the study and directions for future studies were discussed.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.34-43
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• 1994

Background: The average hospital stay in most Korean teaching hospitals is longer than that of hospitals in developed countries. The investigation of average hospital stay of teaching hospitals is considered as an important measure to evaluate the effectiveness of hospital management. In this article authors analyzed the relationship of several variables (hospital ownership, number of beds, location of hospitals, number of physician) to length of hospital stay in each clinical department. Methods: The average hospital stay of each clinical department of 184 teaching hospitals was investigated. Authors reviewed the papers of teaching hospitals, that was reported to the Korean Association of Hospitals. Results: The means of hospital stay day of hospitals were not significantly different according to the number of hospital beds and location of hospitals. Only the difference of hospital stay according to ownerships was significant. The length of stay was the highest in public hospitals and the lowest in juridical hospitals. Conclusions: The number of beds and location of hospitals were not associated with the average hospital stay. But ownerships affected the average hospital stay. The national or public hospitals had the longest length of hospital stay. Number of specialists and number of all physicians were closely related to the average hospital stay.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.129-148
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• 2014

In this study, we examined the relationships among years of teaching experience, professional rank, number of courses taken, and knowledge of algebra for teaching (KAT). 338 in-service and 376 pre-service secondary mathematics teachers in China completed a KAT questionnaire. Various statistical techniques were employed to examine these relationships. The pre-service participants teachers performed statistically significantly higher in advanced mathematics knowledge than their in-service counterparts. Among the inservice teachers, senior teachers had scored higher in school mathematics and teaching mathematics, compared with junior teachers. Yet participants' advanced mathematics knowledge decreased as their professional rank advanced or their teaching experience increased. The number of courses taken has significantly positive correlation with school mathematics knowledge and advanced mathematics knowledge. The implications of these findings for mathematics teacher education are discussed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2005

When notions of numbers are expanded from natural number to complex number, a similar mathematical phenomenon can be observed in each number. As a case study, to complex number, the phenomenon is investigated carefully and teaching materials are created. Then complex number is expressed with matrices and is geometrically treated, so a new number which is an extension of complex number is discovered. Thus, teaching material regarding to complex number and matrices is made for students of ordinary level. Moreover, for talented students, material about an extension of complex number can be added to the previous one.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.209-229
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• 2024

In this study, we design a teaching unit that constructs Pascal graphs and extended Pascal triangles to explore number patterns inherent in them. This teaching unit is designed to consider the diachronic process of teaching-learning by combining Dörfler's theoretical generalization model with Wittmann's design science ideas, which are applied to the didactical practice of mathematization. In the teaching unit, considering the teaching-learning level of prospective teachers who studied discrete mathematics, we generalize the well-known Pascal triangle and its number patterns to extended Pascal triangles which have directed graphs(called Pascal graphs) as geometric models. In this process, the use of symbols and the introduction of variables are exhibited as important means of generalization. It provides practical experiences of mathematization to prospective teachers by going through various steps of the generalization process targeting symbols. This study reflects Wittmann's intention in that well-understood mathematics and the context of the first type of empirical research as structure-genetic didactical analysis are considered in the design of the learning environment.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.745-768
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• 2010

본 연구는 수준이 다른 여러 영재 집단의 소속 학생들이 도형수와 관련된 과제를 해결하고 창의적 산출물을 도출하는 가운데 그들의 수학적 사고력과 창의적인 아이디어를 발휘할 수 있도록 수준별 수학 영재 교수 학습 자료를 개발하는 절차와 방법을 탐구해 보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 교수 학습 자료 개발의 준거와 절차 모형에 따라 도형수 과제의 교수 학습 자료의 원형과 실제적인 자료를 개발하고 그것을 현장 수업에 적용하면서 학생들의 다양한 해결과정을 분석하면서 그 자료의 문제점과 개선점을 제시하였다. 그리고 초등학교에서 집단의 수준별로 산출물 탐구가 가능한 도형수의 내용 범위를 설정해 보면서 차후 유사한 다른 수학 영재 교수 학습 자료 개발할 때 고려한 네 가지의 시사점을 제안하였다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.385-399
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• 2003

현재 우리 나라 수학 초등학교 교육과정에서 자연수는 측정과 무관한 일대일 대응 조작이나 수세기를 통하여 지도되고 있으며 분수는 측정이 부분적으로 개재된 방식으로 지도되고 있다. 이러한 지도 방식의 가장 큰 문제점은 자연수와 분수가 분리된다는 점이다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하고자 양의 측정을 통하여 자연수와 분수를 가르칠 것을 주장한 대표적인 인물이 Dewey와 Davydov이다. 이 논문에서는 Dewey와 Davydov의 주장에 근거하여 양의 측정을 통한 자연수와 분수 지도 방법을 개략적으로 제시하였고, 그것과 현재 우리나라 교육과정에서 자연수와 분수를 지도하는 방법과의 차이점을 고찰하였다. 이를 토대로 양의 측정을 통한 자연수와 분수 지도 방법의 교수학적 의의를 다음과 같이 파악하였다. 첫째, 양의 측정활동으로부터 자연수와 분수 개념이 분화된다. 둘째, 자연수에서 분수로의 전이과정이 필연성을 띤다. 셋째, 자연수와 분수 그리고 그것들의 하위 분야가 긴밀하게 연결된다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-76
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 예비중등교사의 수학화 경험을 위해, 초보적인 상황의 문제를 기반으로 수를 분할하는 문제로 일반화하여, 수의 분할에 관한 일련의 문제 및 상황을 제공하는데 적절한 수 분할 모델을 고안하고, 그것을 탐구하는 교수단원 <분할 모델의 탐구>를 Wittmann의 교수단원 사상에 따라 설계한다. 이 연구에서 설계하는 <분할 모델의 탐구>는 (1) 실마리 문제 (2) 분할 관점에서의 통합 (3) 분할 모델의 정의 (4) 분할 모델을 활용한 탐구의 네 단계로 이루어진다. 이 교수단원이 예비중등수학 교사교육에 기여할 수 있는 바는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비교사들로 하여금 수학화를 경험할 수 있게 해준다. 둘째, 예비교사들로 하여금 학교수학과 학문수학의 연결을 볼 수 있게 한다. 셋째, 에비교사들의 수학적 창의력을 기르는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the variables related to the science teaching efficacy beliefs of pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers. The participants were 176 freshmen and 260 seniors from an university of education and 234 teachers from 25 elementary schools located in Jeonju. Variables concerning pre-service teachers include their sex, career/study tracks (science or non-science), and the number of science courses taken either at high school or at university. Variables concerning in-service teachers include their sex, academic degree, the frequency and type of participation in science in-service training, and their teaching career experience. The Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument was used to measure teachers' self-efficacy beliefs. The results indicated that the personal science teaching efficacy belief scores of seniors were significantly lower than those of freshmen and in-service teachers, whereas the science teaching outcome expectancy scores of seniors were significantly higher than those of freshmen. Among variables investigated, sex, career/study track, the number of science courses taken at high school, and the frequency and type of participation in science in-service training were found to significantly influence teachers' science teaching efficacy beliefs.