• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2017

K-means is a popular and efficient data clustering method that only uses intra-cluster distance to establish a valid index with a previously fixed number of clusters. K-means is useless without a suitable number of clusters for unsupervised data. This paper aimsto propose the Group Search Optimization (GSO) using Silhouette to find the optimal data clustering solution with a number of clusters for unsupervised data. Silhouette can be used as valid index to decide the number of clusters and optimal solution by simultaneously considering intra- and inter-cluster distances. The performance of GSO using Silhouette is validated through several experiment and analysis of data sets.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 2009

An RFID system consists of radio frequency tags attached to objects that need to be identified and one or more electromagnetic readers. Unlike the traditional bar code system, the great benefit of RFID technology is that it allows information to be read without requiring contact between the tag and the reader. For this contact-less feature, RFID technology in the near future will become an attractive alternative to bar code in many application fields. In almost all the 13.56MHz RFID systems, FSA (Framed Slot ALOHA) algorithm is used for identifying multiple tags in the reader's identification range. In FSA algorithm, the tag identification time and system efficiency depend mainly on the number of tags and frame size. In this paper, we propose a tag number estimation scheme and a dynamic frame size allocation scheme based on the estimated number of tags.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2018

The heating performance of a solar thermal seasonal storage system applied to a 1,320 m2 glass greenhouse was analyzed numerically, and the economic feasibility depending upon the number of boreholes was evaluated. For this study, the gardening 16th and 19th zucchini greenhouse of Jeollanam-do agricultural research & extension services was selected. And the heating load of the glass greenhouse selected was 1,147 GJ. BTES(Borehole Thermal Energy Storage) was considered as a seasonal storage, which is relatively economical. The number of boreholes was selected from 25 to 150. The TRNSYS was used to predict and analyze the dynamic performance of the solar thermal system. Numerical simulation was performed by modelling the solar thermal seasonal storage system consisting of flat plate solar collector, BTES system, short-term storage tank, boiler, heat exchanger, pump and controller. As a result of the analysis, when the number of boreholes was from 25 to 50, the thermal efficiency of BTES system and the solar fraction was the highest. When the number of boreholes was from 25 to 50, it was analyzed that the payback period was from 5.2 years to 6.2 years. Therefore it was judged to be the number of boreholes of the proposed system was from 25 to 50, which is the most efficient and economical.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제18권10호
• /
• pp.1782-1798
• /
• 2004

A numerical study of a natural convection in a rectangular cavity with the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model is presented. The primary emphasis of the study is placed on the investigation of the accuracy and numerical stability of the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model for a natural convection problem. The turbulence model considered in the study is that developed by Peeters and Henkes (1992) and further refined by Dol and Hanjalic (2001), and this model is applied to the prediction of a natural convection in a rectangular cavity together with the two-layer model, the shear stress transport model and the time-scale bound ν$^2$- f model, all with an algebraic heat flux model. The computed results are compared with the experimental data commonly used for the validation of the turbulence models. It is shown that the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model predicts well the mean velocity and temperature, the vertical velocity fluctuation, the Reynolds shear stress, the horizontal turbulent heat flux, the local Nusselt number and the wall shear stress, but slightly under-predicts the vertical turbulent heat flux. The performance of the ν$^2$- f model is comparable to that of the low-Reynolds-number differential stress and flux model except for the over-prediction of the horizontal turbulent heat flux. The two-layer model predicts poorly the mean vertical velocity component and under-predicts the wall shear stress and the local Nusselt number. The shear stress transport model predicts well the mean velocity, but the general performance of the shear stress transport model is nearly the same as that of the two-layer model, under-predicting the local Nusselt number and the turbulent quantities.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2021

The locating-chromatic number denote by 𝛘_𝐿(G), is the smallest t such that G has a locating t-coloring. In this research, we determined locating-chromatic number for subdivision of certain barbell operation of origami graphs.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.430-435
• /
• 2008

In the paper, an algorithm called a Constraint algorithm is proposed to solve the fan-in problem occurred in ADC encoding circuits. The Flash ADC architecture uses a double-base number system (DBNS). The DBNS has known to represent the multi-dimensional logarithmic number system (MDLNS) used for implementing the multiplier accumulator architecture of FIR filter in digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The authors use the DBNS with the base 2 and 3 to represent binary output of ADC. A symmetric map is analyzed first, and then asymmetric map is followed to provide addition read DBNS to DSP circuitry. The simulation results are shown for the Double-Base Integer Encoder (DBIE) of the 6-bit ADC to demonstrate an effectiveness of the Constraint algorithm, using $0.18{\mu}\;m$ CMOS technology. The DBIE’s processing speed of the ADC is fast compared to the FAT tree encoder circuit by 0.95 GHz.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2006

Since Korean government has implemented the "Number Portability System" in the domestic mobile communications market, mobile communication companies have been striving to hold onto existing customers and at the same time to attract new customers. This paper presents a competing risk model that considers the characteristics of a customer in order to predict the customer's life under the "Number Portability System." Three competing risks considered are pricing policy, quality of communication, and usefulness of service. It was observed that the customers who pay more are less sensitive on pricing policy younger people are less sensitive than older people to the quality of communication and women are more sensitive than men to the degree of usefulness of service. We expect that the result of this study can be used as a guideline for effective management of mobile phone customers under the Number Portability System.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.43-62
• /
• 1981

Computational expressions for point availability and average availability of a system of components each of which is subject to random failures and has random restoration times are determined. Each component is assumed to have a fixed number of spares such that where all spares are exhausted no restoration can take place. These expressions are useful in deciding PL and ASL in the military logistic applications. Given a fixed length of mission duration and finite number of spares, a system may not be available at the end of a mission due to lack of spares. The probability distribution of system down time due to lack of spares is determined as a function of number of spares and mission duration.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.1023-1032
• /
• 1995

The multiple cooperating robot system plays an important role in the research of modern manufacturing system as the emphasis of production automation is more on the side of flexibility than before. While the kinematic and dynamic analysis of a single robot is performed as an open-loop chain, the dynamic formulation of robot in a multiple cooperating robot system differs from that of a single robot when the multiple cooperating robots form a closed kinematic chain holding an object simultaneously. The object may be any type from a rigid body to a multi-joint linkage. The mobility of the system depends on the kinematic configuration of the closed kinematic chain formed by robots and object, which also decides the number of independent input parameters. Since the mobility is not the same as the number of robot joints, proper constraint condition is sought. The constraints may be such that : the number of active robot joints is kept the same as mobility, all robot joints are active and have interrelations between each joint forces/torques, two robots have master-slave relation, or so on. The dynamic formulation of system is obtained. The formulation is based on recursive dual-number screw-calculus Newton-Eulerian approach which has been used for single robot analysis. This new scheme is recursive and compact symbolically and may facilitate the consideration of the object in real time.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제27권7C호
• /
• pp.641-652
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 대용량의 데이터를 처리하기 위한 시간분할 및 파장분할 방식을 혼합한 구조를 갖는 대용량 광 교환기 ESCIMONET(Easily SCalable Interconnected Multiwavelength Optical NETwork)의 구조 및 동작과 특징에 대해 소개하였다. ESCIMONET은 n 개의 파장만을 이용하여 n$^3$의 가입자를 수용할 수 있어 스위칭 용량의 효율성이 매우 뛰어난 시스템이며, 시스템 손실 또한 기존의 구조에 비해 적어 손실 보상을 위해 삽입하는 광 증폭기의 개수를 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 본 논문에서는 ESCIMONET에서 사용된 버퍼의 처리율(Throughput)을 분석하여 전체 스위칭 시스템의 처리율을 분석하였고, 버퍼의 평균 대기 시간을 계산하여 광 교환기 ESCIMONET의 성능을 평가하였다.