• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

Understanding the process of carcinogenesis will involve both the accumulation of many scientific facts derived from molecular, biochemical, cellular, physiological, whole animal experiments and epidemiological studies, as well as from conceptual understanding as to how to order and integrate those facts. From decades of cancer research, a number of the "hallmarks of cancer" have been identified, as well as their attendant concepts, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle biochemistry, hypotheses of metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. While all these "hallmarks" are well known, two important concepts, with their associated scientific observations, have been generally ignored by many in the cancer research field. The objective of the short review is to highlight the concept of the role of human adult pluri-potent stem cells as "target cells" for the carcinogenic process and the concept of the role of gap junctional intercellular communication in the multi-stage, multi-mechanism process of carcinogenesis. With these two concepts, an attempt has been made to integrate the other well-known concepts, such as the multi-stage, multi-mechanisn or the "initiation/promotion/progression" hypothesis; the stem cell theory of carcinogenesis; the oncogene/tumor suppression theory and the mutation/epigenetic theories of carcinogenesis. This new "integrative" theory tries to explain the well-known "hallmarks" of cancers, including the observation that cancer cells lack either heterologous or homologous gap junctional intercellular communication whereas normal human adult stem cells do not have expressed or functional gap junctional intercellular communication. On the other hand, their normal differentiated, non-stem cell derivatives do express connexins and express gap junctional intercellular communication during their differentiation. Examination of the roles of chemical tumor promoters, oncogenes, connexin knock-out mice and roles of genetically-engineered tumor and normal cells with connexin and anti-sense connexin genes, respectively, seems to provide evidence which is consistent with the roles of both stem cells and gap junctional communication playing a major role in carcinogenesis. The integrative hypothesis provides new strategies for chemoprevention and chemotherapy which focuses on modulating connexin gene expression or gap junctional intercellular communication in the premalignant and malignant cells, respectively.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2009

In order to derive hidden Information (concept subsumption, concept satisfiability and realization) of OWL ontologies, a number of OWL reasoners have been introduced. Most of the reasoners were implemented to be based on tableau algorithm. However this approach has certain limitation. This paper presents architecture for Medusa. The Medusa is an extended DL-reasoner for SWRL(Semantic Web Rule Language) reasoning under well-founded semantics with ontologies specified in Description Logic. Description logic based ontology reasoners theoretically explore knowledge representation and its reasoning in concept languages. However these logics are not equipped with rule-based reasoning mechanisms for assertional knowledge base; specifically, rule and facts in logic programming, or interaction of rules and facts with terminology. In order to deal with the enriched reasoning, The Medusa provides combining DL-knowledge base and rule based reasoner. The described prototype uses $Prot{\acute{e}}g{\acute{e}}$ API[1] for controlling communication with the ontology reasoner.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2002

In this paper, it is suggested that the selection method of parameter of Power System Stabilizer(PSS) with robustness in low frequency oscillation for Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor(TCSC) using Geletic Algorithm(GA). A TCSC meddle consists of a stories capacitor and a parallel path with a thyristor valve and a series inductor. Also in in parallel, as is typical with series capacitor applications, is a metal-oxide varistor(MOV) for overvoltage protection. The proposed PSS parameters are optimized using GA in order to maintain optimal operation of TCSC which is expected to be applied in transmission system to achieve a number of benefits under the various operating conditions. In order to verify the robustness of the proposed method, we considered the dynamic response of angular velocity deviation and terminal voltage deviation under a power fluctuation and rotor angle variation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2010

We surveyed 848 university students, $21.4{\pm}2.5$ years of age, attending university in Seoul, Kongju, Chongyang-Gun in the Chungnam province of Korea, for their use of health functional foods (HFF) and for significant variables in this use, namely demographic characteristics, health related variables, dietary variables and nutritional beliefs. The prevalence of the use of HFF was 33.6%. Among all types of HFF, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by (in order) red ginseng products, apricot extract products and ginseng products. HFF use was higher in females (p<.05), in subjects living in a dormitory (p<.05) and those from families with a relative high socioeconomic status (p<.001). Self-health concern (p<.05) and usage ratio of HFF by family (p<.001) was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF. The total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF (p<.001), and users had a more positive point of view concerning the potential health benefits of HFF than did nonusers (p<.001). Most users took HFF when they were healthy (37.2%) or when they were sick (27.4%). They did not feel special effects through the HFF use (49.8%). Most users got the information about the specifics of HFF from family and/or relatives (55.8%). Most of users confirmed nutrition facts when they purchased the HFF (70.9%), but a considerable number of users could not understand these nutrition facts (48.1%). Users preferred vitamin C- and Ca-supplements most among vitamin mineral supplements belonged to HFF. These results show that the use of HFF is common among university students. As well, the use of HFF by students is affected by various variables. Supplementary nutritional education should be undertaken among university students, in order to give them a reasonable guideline for the use of HFF, based upon influencing factors and usage behaviors that we learned from this survey.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.583-600
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• 2013

In this paper, we study the recognition and fallacy of would-be in-service teachers about numbers with irrational exponent. We chose 51 secondary school teachers who are teaching mathematics in K metropolitan city and investigate their recognition and fallacy about the cases of irrational exponents of a positive rational and irrational exponents of a positive irrational number at the expansion of exponential law. We found following facts. First, in-service teacher's a percentage of correct answers differ depending on the type of numbers with irrational exponent. Second, in-service teachers decide their answer depending on intuition rather than logic. Third, in-service teachers decide their answer depending on exponential rather than base.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1519-1528
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• 2017

The paper proposes a well structured, component count waned single phase multilevel inverter (MLI) topology, which drives three different modules viz. Stipulation Based Sources Insertion (SBSI) module, Level Count Increasing (LCI) module and Inter-Linking H-Bridge (ILHB) module. The SBSI module confronts the number of basic sources needed in series/parallel to achieve required magnitude for any particular level. The LCI possesses an offsetting dc source and opuses to increase the number of levels and the ILHB module links the SBSI and LCI modules. A developed Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation (HPWM) strategy has PWM pulses for the switches of LCI module while the switches of the remaining two modules function at fundamental switching frequency. A fifteen level version of the proposed stipulation based sources insertion MLI (SBSIMLI) topology is simulated in MATLAB R2010a and a prototype of the similar specifications is constructed to validate the performance by experimental results. The comparison between the developed SBSIMLI topology and the competent topologies shows many interesting facts.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.1 s.21
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• pp.137-146
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• 1987

The following facts have been identified as a result of epidemiological trend and characteristic of Japanese Encephalitis in Korea for the last 20 years. First: The Epidemiological period which was ten-year and three-year in the past has been disappeared following the start of immunization program at 1970. Second: The Incidence rate was much higher in the south and West areas than northeast area of Korea. City and Province with the highest incidence rate was Chungcheong Nam Province and Cholla Buk Province. Third: Regardless of scope of prevalence, the main season that 90 percent of total incidence occurrs in one month from mid-August through mid-September. Fourth: The number of case by age was that 80 percent of total patients is children aged $3{\sim}15$. Recently there is an increase in the number of patients who are elderly people. Fifth: The study on the ecological conditions of mosquito including wintering and effectiveness of immunization for Japanese Encephalitis and duration on antibody should be done. Sixth: There has been no case of Japanese Encephalitis for the last three years since 1984 mainly due to disinfecting to eradicate mosquitos, immunization for vulnerable group of people aged $3{\sim}15$, individual precaution not to be bitten by mosquito, improvement of environment sanitation. While there has been no case of Japanese Encephalitis during last three years, there is possibility that Japanese Encephalitis becomes prevalent again anytime since its virus has been isolated continuously from the natural reservoirs.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

In CDMA system, the number of mobile stations which can be served simultaneously in a base station is limited by the amount of total interference received. Considering the facts, the call admission control method using the effective bandwidth concept is employed in this paper. The bandwidth for a new call and a handoff call is allocated by considering the number of mobile station being served and dynamically assigned by taking account of the blocking rate of new calls and the dropping rate of handoff calls. Also, there is reserved resource for handoff call. We analyze the performance of system according to reserved resource by a simulation study. The more a resource reserved, the less it is the dropping rate of handoff.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1461-1466
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• 2008

In the case of Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), the most frequent mechanism is the dashboard injury, which is directly pressurized to the anterior of the proximal tibia in the state of the knee hyperflexion. The PCL associated ligament damage happens when the posterior injury, the varus, the valgus, the hyperextension and the severe vagus torque are out of the critical value of PCL. After the successful operation cases of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the allograft were informed from 1986, a number of results kept over the maximum 10 years were reported. Unfortunately, PCL reconstruction are crowded the surgery techniques such as the graft, the tibia fixing method, the fixation device, the location of the femoral tunnel, the number of the graft bundles and PCL reconstruction to access to the stability of the normal joint is being developed. Therefore, this study is the basic research of these above facts. The current transtibial tunnel surgery using the cadaveric Achilles tendon grafts is chosen for the various PCL reconstruction. The initial extension of the Achilles tendon by the fixing device and its location under the cyclic loading, were observed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1-4
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• 2004

The dual-mode strategy has been adopted in many constrained MPC methods. The size of stabilizable regions of states of MPC methods depends on the size of underlying feasible and positively invariant set and number of control moves. These results, however, could be conservative because the definition of positive invariance does not allow temporal leave of states from the set, In this paper, a concept of periodic invariance is introduced in which states are allowed to leave a set temporarily but return into the set in finite steps. The periodic invariance can defined with respect to sets of different state feedback gains. These facts make it possible for the periodically invariant sets to considerably larger than ordinary invariant sets. The periodic invariance can be defined for systems with polyhedral model uncertainties. We derive a MPC method based on these periodically invariant sets. Some numerical examples are given to show that the use of periodic invariance yields considerably larger stabilizable sets than the case of using ordinary invariance.