• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.291-292
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 정교하게 묘사되거나 극도로 사실적인 게임의 화면에서 모두 유사하게 보여지는 여러 게임의 표현기법과는 달리, 독창적이고 독특한 그래픽 표현으로 차별화된 게임 '데스스펭크'와 '오오카미'의 표현기법의 분석을 통해, 회화적이고 개성있는 게임그래픽 개발의 필요성과 그를 위한 연구를 제안한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.983-989
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• 2017

NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR) transfers electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 and heme oxygenase enzymes to support their catalytic activities. This protein is localized within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and utilizes FMN, FAD, and NADPH as cofactors. Although NPR is essential toward enabling the biochemical and pharmacological analyses of P450 enzymes, its production as a recombinant purified protein requires a series of tedious efforts and a high cost due to the use of $NADP^+$ in the affinity chromatography process. In the present study, the rat NPR clone containing a $6{\times}$ Histidine-tag (NPR-His) was constructed and heterologously expressed. The NPR-His protein was purified using $Ni^{2+}$-affinity chromatography, and its functional features were characterized. A single band at 78 kDa was observed from SDS-PAGE and the purified protein displayed a maximum absorbance at 455 nm, indicating the presence of an oxidized flavin cofactor. Cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium were reduced by purified NPR-His in an NADPH-dependent manner. The purified NPR-His successfully supported the catalytic activities of human P450 1A2 and 2A6 and fungal CYP52A21, yielding results similar to those obtained using conventional purified rat reductase. This study will facilitate the use of recombinant NPR-His protein in the various fields of P450 research.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.977-985
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to present a non-photorealistic rendering technique that is efficient in single images and moving images. In case of single images, they could be processed in a real-time base by realizing flow-based DoG filter and bilateral filter, which have been frequently used in the single image NPR technique recently, in the CUDA environment. In case of moving images, the investigator presented not the existing method of NPR moving images which generating images by applying the single image NPR technique to every frame, but the method of using the single image NPR technique in the first frame and stylizing it, and then of using the motion vector-based pixel mapping in the second frame on and copying the bright values of pixels that move on the frame into the location of next frame's motion vector, thus reducing unnecessary volume of calculation and maintaining the consistency between frames. In this study, the performance of this method was proved via an experiment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2023

This study experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite slabs composed of an innovative negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) steel plate and Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) slab connected via demountable high-strength bolt shear connectors. Eight demountable composite slab specimens were fabricated and tested under traditional four-point bending method. The effects of loading histories (positive and negative bending moment), types of steel plate (NPR steel plate and Q355 steel plate) and spacings of high-strength bolts (150 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm) on the flexural behavior of demountable composite slab, including failure mode, load-deflection curve, interface relative slip, crack width and sectional strain distribution, were evaluated. The results revealed that under positive bending moment, the failure mode of composite slabs employing NPR steel plate was distinct from that with Q355 steel plate, which exhibited that part of high-strength bolts was cut off, part of pre-embedded padded extension nuts was pulled out, and UHPC collapsed due to instantaneous instability and etc. Besides, under the same spacing of high-strength bolts, NPR steel plate availably delayed and restrained the relative slip between steel plate and UHPC plate, thus significantly enhanced the cooperative deformation capacity, flexural stiffness and load capacity for composite slabs further. While under negative bending moment, NPR steel plate effectively improved the flexural capacity and deformation characteristics of composite slabs, but it has no obvious effect on the initial flexural stiffness of composite slabs. Meanwhile, the excellent crack-width control ability for UHPC endowed composite members with better durability. Furthermore, according to the sectional strain distribution analysis, due to the negative Poisson's ratio effect and high yield strength of NPR steel plate, the tensile strain between NPR steel plate and UHPC layer held strain compatibility during the whole loading process, and the magnitude of upward movement for sectional plastic neutral axis could be ignored with the increase of positive bending moment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.192-194
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• 2015

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), essential components of plant defense signaling. Salicylic acid (SA) is also central to plant resistance responses, but its specific role in regulation of MAPK activation is not completely defined. We have investigated the role of SA in PAMP-triggered MAPKs pathways in Arabidopsis SA-related mutants, specifically in the flg22-triggered activation of MPK3 and MPK6. cim6, sid2, and npr1 mutants exhibited wild-type-like flg22-triggered MAPKs activation, suggesting that impairment of SA signaling has no effect on the flg22-triggered MAPKs activation. Pretreatment with low concentrations of SA enhanced flg22-induced MPK3 and MPK6 activation in all seedlings except npr1, indicating that NPR1 is involved in SA-mediated priming that enhanced flg22-induced MAPKs activation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.208-211
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• 2009

일반적으로 비사실적인 렌더링(Non-Photorealistic Rendering, NPR)에 의해 렌더링된 흑백 동영상 프레임들은 재생도중에 플리커(Flicker, 깜빡거리는 현상)와 같은 부작용이 발생한다. 이것은 연속적인 프레임 영상들이 시간 일관성을 고려하지 않은 상태로 NPR 기법이 프레임 단위로 적용되기 때문이다. 그러므로 각 영상의 플리커를 완화하기 위해서는 각 프레임의 객체들이 다음 프레임에서 변형되는 정도를 측정한 후, 연속된 프레임 영상에서 객체 사이의 연관성을 설정해야 하기 때문에, NPR 기법이 적용된 연속된 영상의 디플리커는 많은 어려움을 내포하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 NPR 기법들 중, 일관성 있는 스트록을 렌더링하기 위한 NPR 기법인 Coherent Line Drawing을 적용한 이진 영상의 디플리커 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2007

Nowadays, many computer games based on NPR(Non-photorealistic Rendering) techniques have been developed due to their distinctive visual properties. However, only limited methods of NPR techniques have been exploited in producing computer games and amongst them cartoon-style rendering techniques especially has had the special interest. In the paper, we suggest an effective rendering method of comic-book style that will be applicable to computer game. In order to do, we first characterize the properties of comic-book from comparing two visuals: celluloid animation and comic-book. We then suggest a real-time rendering method of comic-book style represented by outline sketch, tone, and hatching. We finally examine its effectiveness by observing the game developed using the method.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Sodium retention is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. We investigated whether sodium retention is associated with changes of natriuretic peptide system at different stages (i.e., a sodium retaining stage and a compensatory stage) of nephrotic syndrome. At day 7 after PAN(puromycin aminonucleoside) injection, the urinary excretion of sodium was decreased, along with the development of ascites and positive sodium balance. The plasma and urinary ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide) immunoreactivities were increased. ANP mRNA expression was increased in the heart and kidney, whereas that of NPR(natriuretic peptide receptor)-A and NPR-C mRNA was decreased in the kidney. The expression of NEP was decreased in the kidney. At day 14, urinary excretion of sodium did not differ from the control. The plasma ANP level and heart ANP mRNA expression returned to their control values. The expression of ANP mRNA in the kidney was increased in association with increased urinary ANP immunoreactivities. The expression of NPR-A in the kidney became normal, whereas that of NPR-C kept decreased. The expression of NEP(neutral endopeptidase) remained decreased. These findings suggest that the increased renal ANP synthesis in association with decreased metabolism via NEP and NPR-C may play a compensatory role against the development of sodium retention in nephrotic syndrome. The decreased of NPR-A expression in the kidney may contribute to the ANP resistance at day 7. The subsequent recovery of NPR-A expression may play a role in promoting sodium excretion in later stage(at day 14).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.821-825
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• 2004

The a-Si：H TFTs decreasing parasitic capacitance of source-drain is fabricated on glass. The structure of a-Si：H TFTs is inverted staggered. The gate electrode is formed by patterning with length of 8 ${\mu}m∼16 ${\mu}m. and width of 80∼200 ${\mu}m after depositing with gate electrode (Cr) 1500 under coming 7059 glass substrate. We have fabricated a-SiN：H, conductor, etch-stopper and photoresistor on gate electrode in sequence, respectively. The thickness of these thin films is formed with a-SiN：H (2000 ), a-Si：H(2000 ) and n+a-Si：H (500). We have deposited n+a-Si：H ,NPR(Negative Photo Resister) layer after forming pattern of Cr gate electrode by etch-stopper pattern. The NPR layer by inverting pattern of upper gate electrode is patterned and the n+a-Si：H layer is etched by the NPR pattern. The NPR layer is removed. After Cr layer is deposited and patterned, the source-drain electrode is formed. The a-Si：H TFTs decreasing parasitic capacitance of source-drain has channel length of 8 ~20 ${\mu}m and channel width of 80∼200 ${\mu}m. And it shows drain current of 8 ${\mu}A at 20 gate voltages, Ion/Ioff ratio of 108 and Vth of 4 volts.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1228-1233
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• 2011

NPR(Non-Photorealistic rendering) technique is developing by every years. NPR is inspired on artistic styles, which is painting, drawing, technical illustration, animation and cartoon. There have many application programs for NPR, which is popular and useful of animations, even on game industrial. In traditional computer graphics focused on non-photorealism, but this method need much more memory and time. Recent years, Many NPR methods present advanced rendering technique and real time technique using graphic accelerator. This paper propose to explain NPR with GPU programming.