• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2002

부산항은 우리나라의 대표적인 사회간접자본시설로서 국가경제발전의 견인차 역할을 수행해 왔다. 그러므로 항만관련시설들의 상호 보완적인 시스템화를 통하여 부산항을 세계 제일의 물류기지로 발전시켜 향후 동북아 물류중심항으로의 기능을 원만히 수행할 수 있도록 정부가 부산항 항만배후도로의 시설주체가 되어야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 부산항의 발전을 저해하는 컨테이너세의 문제점과 폐지에 관한 현실적인 접근을 통해 컨테이너세와 그 용도에 관한 분석 및 현황파악을 바탕으로 컨테이너세의 타당성 여부를 검토하여 다름과 같이 정리하였다. 첫째, 항만에서 역외 고속도로까지를 연결하는 항만배후도로는 항만의 일부분이므로 정부가 시설투자의 주체가 되어야 한다. 둘째, 컨데이너세를 징수함으로써 화주와 선사는 수출입 물류비와 함께 컨테이너세를 추가적으로 지불하여 상당한 비용적 부담을 안고 있다. 셋째, 공컨테이너 또는 환적컨테이너의 수출입 비중은 상당히 높아, 부산시 교통체증을 유발하는 요인으로 작용하고 있으나, 부과대상에서 제외되고 있어 컨테이너세 부과대상의 형평성에 크게 어긋나고 있다. 넷째, 동북아 물류허브항만이 되기 위하여 중국, 대만, 일본의 경쟁항만들은 항만비용의 절감을 통해 경쟁력을 향상시키고 있는 반면, 부산항은 컨테이너세라는 추가적인 세금을 부과함으로써 가격 경쟁력의 약화를 가져와 동북아 물류허브항만으로 육성하기 위한 전략에 큰 차질을 빚고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.275-289
• /
• 2014

Asian dust (or yellow sand) occurring mainly in spring in East Asia is affected by the distribution of weather systems. This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of suspended particulate for Asian dust at Busan, Korea in 20 March 2010, which was one of the extreme case for the last 10 years. There was used the data of weather chart, satellite, automatic weather system (AWS), $PM_{10}$, laser particle counter (LPC), and backward trajectories model. In synoptically, the high pressure was located in the northwestern part and low pressure was located in the northeastern part of Korea. The strong westerly winds from surface to upper layer makes it possible to move air masses rapidly. Air masses passing through Gobi Desert in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia plateau covered the entire Korean peninsula. As the results of aerosol analysis, $PM_{10}$ concentration at Gudeok mountain in Busan was recorded $2,344{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2300 LST 20 March 2010 and their concentration was markedly increased at coarse mode particle. In surface condition, westerly wind about 3 ~ 5 m/s was dominant and small particles of $0.3{\sim}0.5{\mu}m$ were distributed on the whole. In heavy metal components analysis, the elements from the land was predominated.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1452-1459
• /
• 2011

귤나무속은 운향과(Rutaceae)에 속한다. 동남아시아, 미얀마, 중국 운남에서 기원된 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 속의 분류관계는 복잡한데 클론번식과 야생식물과 교잡이 빈번하다. 식물에서 속간 속내 계통관계 추론을 위해 널리 이용되고 있는 엽록체 trnL-trnF 부위가 있다. 이 귤나무속과 두 근연한 탱자나무속과 금감속에 속하는 7종간 계통 관계를 평가하였다. 많은 삽입이 발견되었고 속내 종간 변이는 결실/삽입에 의한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 속의 레몬과 당귤나무은 네 계통도(MP, ML, ME, and NJ)에서 모두 같은 분지군을 형성하여 가장 근연관계에 있었고 광귤나무(향귤나무)과 자매군을 형성하였다. 유자나무는 이들과 많은 서열 차이를 나타내었다. 외부 분지군은 낮은 지지도를 나타내었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.93-108
• /
• 2014

The inventory list of wildlife species inhabiting or distributing in Gyeonggi Province was made by compiling species data from precedent surveys, 10 national level nature surveys, 1 survey that Gyeonggi-do conducted, and 46 local surveys presented in scientific journals. Total 2,913 wildlife species including 2,041 vascular plants, 39 mammals, 304 birds, 34 herptiles, 145 fish, and 350 benthic macro-invertebrates were listed in the inventory. It explains 47% of nationwide total species in vascular plants, 31.5% in mammals, 58.2% in birds, 65.4% in herptiles, 12.2% in fish. The total number of important species including endangered species, national monuments, national red lists, etc. was 628 species, accounting for 21.6% of all listed species in Gyeonggi Province. More than 90% of endangered bird species, almost half of endangered fish and herptile species were found in Gyeonggi Province. In particular, abundant bird diversity and inhabitation of many endangered bird species were identified in Gyeonggi Province. Species diversity was greater in the northern area adjacent to the Demilitarized Zone and the eastern forest area. The distribution of the important species such as national endangered species was more distinct in these areas, especially in Gapyeong and Yeoncheon Counties. The inventory list compiled in this study implicates the level of management for biological resources and can provide information for policy decisions regarding new survey sites, protection management of specific species and areas, management practices by spatial characteristics. It should be more compiled and updated with survey data to be utilized as basic indices for local biodiversity strategies and management of biological resources.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.198-202
• /
• 2010

20세기에 한반도 및 인근에서 발생한 지진 중, 그 메카니즘이 Waveform Modelling 혹은 Moment Tensor Inversion 등 정량적인 방법에 의해 밝혀진 규모 4.5 이상의 18개 지진의 발생 원인을 분석하고 이들을 한반도 주변 동아시아 지역에서 발생하는 지진들과 비교 분석하였다. 한반도 및 인접지역에서 발생한 지진의 대부분은 주향이동 단층 운동에 의한 메카니즘에 다소의 역단층 운동이 첨가된 단층운동을 보여주고 단층작용을 일으킨 주응력 방향은 거의 수평한 동북 동-서남서 방향을 나타낸다. 이는 같은 판내 지역인 북동부 중국 지역과 일본 남서부의 주응력 방향과 매우 유사하고 동해 동부와는 상당한 차이를 보인다. 이는 한반도 및 그 주변에서 지진을 일으키는 주응력은 동쪽에서 유라시아판 밑으로 침강하는 태평양판의 영향뿐만 아니라 서남쪽에서 충돌하는 인도판의 영향도 상당히 작용하는 것으로 해석된다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2012

Particulate sulfate in $PM_{2.5}$, sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) and size-segregated aerosol particle number concentrations were measured at a site ($32^{\circ}19'N$, $129^{\circ}59'E$) on the southwestern Japan coast from 5 March to 10 April, 2010. Results show frequent episodic increases of sulfate and $SO_2$. Compared to the average concentration of sulfate $4.4{\pm}2.7\;{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in the whole observation period, episodic sulfate reached $10.5-20.1\;{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$. The variation of sulfate always synchronized with aerosol particles in the size range of $0.1-0.5 {\mu}m$, indicating the episodic sulfate was a consequence of the increase of the sub-micron particles. $SO_2$ did not have remarkable increase in any episodes of sulfate increase. During the passage of low pressure systems which loaded Asian dust in postfrontal air, concentrated sulfate appeared right behind the front but before dust arrival, suggesting the dominance of dust-free particulate sulfate. Weather and backward trajectory analyses revealed that air parcels with high sulfate passed eastern and northeastern China or Korean peninsula before arriving at the site. In contrast, those with high $SO_2$ passed an active volcano, Mt. Sakurajima, about 100 km in the south, suggesting the $SO_2$ was more likely from the volcanic emission. The ratio of sulfate to total sulfur compounds $({SO_4}^{2-})/({SO_4}^{2-}+SO_2)$ was 0.31-0.89 in continentally originated air while was 0.25-0.43 in the air having passed the volcano, showing more efficient conversions of $SO_2$ to sulfate in the air from the continent. The close dependence of the conversion on humidity in the continentally originated air was confirmed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1235-1240
• /
• 2012

Background: Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in Southeast Asia. It is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Opisthorchis viverrini metacercarial infection in cyprinoid fish collected from 32 districts of Nakhon Ratchasima province, Northeastern Thailand during one year period from February 2010 to February 2011. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, data being collected with pepsin-HCl digestion and stereomicroscope, respectively. Analysis was performed using SPSS Windows Version 12.0. Results: A total of 640 Cyprinidae family fish including 5 species were collected from different study sites, and investigated for O. viverrini metacercariae. The infection rate was 12.3% (79/640), predominantly in Cyclocheilichthys armatus, C. repasson, Puntioplites proctzysron, Hampala macrolepitota and Hampala dispar, respectively. The prevalence of O. viverrini metaceria in Nakhon Ratchasima area was 78.1%, predominantly in Sida and KiaKham Thale So. Conclusion: This findings stress that natural fish species in rural communities are still a source of O viverrini infection and put local people at risk, therefore public awareness and prevention campaigns are urgently required.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.17-47
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The three nations of far Northeastern Asia, namely China, Korea, and Japan, have developed a tradition of Asian medicine within a common cultural realm. Studying Japan's Yunqi not only helps our understanding of Japanese traditional medicine, but the course of development taken by the three nations' traditional Asian medicine as a whole. Methods: All books relating to Yunqi published in Japan were studied, with special focus on books that are especially more important. Results: It is assumed that Japan's first book on Yunqi is 吉田宗桂's Ungiileonjib. The Japanese mainstream study on Yunqi is the annotations and studies on Suwenrushiyungilunao, written by Liuwenshu. YunQiLunAoKouYiis the first annotation on Suwenrushiyungilunao and had the greatest impact. Yunqilunjujie is an annotation book written by a Confucian scholar, and Yunqilunaoshuchao an annotation book composed by a Confucian doctor who was a thorough expert on sinology and the annotations ranged greatly from medical books, Confucian books, historical books and hundred schools of books. Aotouyunqilun is the most slight in terms of annotations compared to other annotation books, and Yunqilunaoyanjie is special in that it writes with both Chinese characters and Japanese language in order to help easier understanding by the novice scholars. Conclusions: Suwenrushiyunqilunao includes astronomy, geography, delivery sound, calendar, the eight trigrams, the Twelve laws, Shier chen, Constellation of twenty eight, Thirty-six birds, and secret days, which is leading to further study in these fields. Suwenrushiyunqilunao also contains excerpts from Suwen Liujiecangxianglun to describe the algorithm of the operation of Sun and Moon, which is also leading a further study in the field.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.126-140
• /
• 2012

국내에 분포하는 나자스말속(Najas L.) 분류군의 형태적 변이를 파악하고 각 분류군의 식별형질을 검토하기 위하여 32개 정량형질을 이용하여 주성분분석을 수행하였다. 나자스말속의 분류군에서 잎의 너비, 엽초의 모양, 엽연의 거치수, 약실의 수, 한 줄에 배열하는 종자의 그물눈 수와 길이의 비 등이 유용한 식별형질로 파악되었다. 자웅이주인 민나자스말(N. marina)은 잎과 줄기, 수꽃과 암꽃, 열매가 대형으로서 자웅동주인 다른 분류군들과 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 자웅동주인 분류군들 중에서 나자스말(N. graminea), 실나자스말(N. gracillima), 동아나자스말(N. orientalis)은 영양 형질에 의하여 식별이 가능하지만, 톱니나자스말(N. minor)과 큰톱니나자스말(N. oguraensis)은 수꽃에 있는 약실의 수에 의해서만 구분되었다.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 2019

Neutral genetic diversity found in plant species usually leaves an indelible footprint of historical events. Korea's main mountain range (referred to as the Baekdudaegan [BDDG]), is known to have served as a glacial refugium primarily for the boreal and temperate flora of northeastern Asia. In addition, life-history traits (life forms, geographic range, and breeding systems) influence the within- and among-population genetic diversity of seed plant species. For example, selfing species harbor significantly less within-population genetic variation than that of predominantly outcrossers. A previous study of two Liparis species (L. makinoana and L. kumokiri) emphasizes the role of the abovementioned factors shaping the levels of genetic diversity. Liparis makinoana, mainly occurring on the BDDG and self-incompatible, harbors high levels of within-population genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity, H_eP = 0.319), whereas there is no allozyme variation (H_eP = 0.000) in L. kumokiri, which is self-compatible and mainly occurs in lowland hilly areas. To determine if this trend is also found in other congeners, we sampled five populations of L. krameri from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and investigated the allozyme-based genetic diversity at 15 putative loci. The somewhat intermediate levels of within-population genetic variation (H_eP = 0.145) found in L. krameri are most likely due to its occurrence in mountainous areas that, despite being outside of the main ridge of the BDDG, still served as refugia, and a self-incompatible breeding system. Management strategies are suggested for L. krameri and L. makinoana based on the levels and distribution of genetic diversity and inbreeding.