• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 1993

The predictive density function of a potential future observation and its first four moments are obtained in this paper to study the effects of a non-normal prior of the unknown mean of a normal population. The derived predictive density function is modified to study changes in utility curves, used to choose the optimum treatment from a given set of treatments, at a given level of stimulus due to slight deviations from normality of the prior distribution. Numerical illustrations are provided to exhibit some effectsl.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

This paper investigates a penalized likelihood method for estimating the parameter of normal mixtures in multivariate settings with full covariance matrices. The proposed model estimates the number of components through the addition of a penalty term to the usual likelihood function and the construction of a penalized likelihood function. We prove the consistency of the estimator and present the simulation results on the multi-dimensional nor-mal mixtures up to the 8-dimension.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.35 no.3_4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2017

Let X and Y be independent identically distributed nondegenerate random variables with common absolutely continuous probability distribution function F(x) and the corresponding probability density function f(x) and $E(X^2)$<${\infty}$. Put Z = max(X, Y) and W = min(X, Y). In this paper, it is proved that Z - W and Z + W or$(X-Y)^2$ and X + Y are independent if and only if X and Y have normal distribution.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1667-1670
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.379-389
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• 2002

For two normal distribution with unknown means and unknown variances, a sequential procedure for estimating the difference of two normal means which satisfies both the coverage probability condition and the $\beta$-protection is proposed under some smoothness of variable imprecision function, and the asymptotic normality of the proposed stopping time after some centering and scaling is given.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2000

The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between the salivary flow rate and the interpretation results of salivary scan in the patients with dry mouth. Twenty-five patients with dry mouth who visited the Dept. of Oral Medicine & Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, were included. The unstimulated whole salivary flow rate was determined by the spitting method and the stimulated whole salivary flow rate was measured with gum-base chewing. Salivary scan was performed after the infusion of $^{99m}technetium$ pertechnetate(Tc) and interpreted. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rate were significantly decreased compared to normal value, which reflected the extensive destruction of salivary gland function in the patients with dry mouth. 2. The unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rate were decreased in the group with decreased function in salivary scan compared with the group with normal function in salivary scan. However, there was no statistical significance between groups. 3. The difference between the stimulated and unstimulated whole salivary flow rates was greater in the group with normal function in salivary scan compared with the group with decreased function in salivary scan. 4. There was significant positive correlation between the stimulated and unstimulated whole salivary flow rates. The level of correlation was higher in the group with decreased function in salivary scan than the group with normal function in salivary scan. Collectively, these data suggested that salivary scan had the limited value. The comprehensive evaluation including history taking, clinical examination, clinical laboratory as well as the measurement of salivary flow rate are need for patients with dry mouth.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.291-300
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• 2006

In this research, the performance of widely used Bayesian estimators such as Bayes estimator, empirical Bayes estimator, constrained Bayes estimator and constrained empirical Bayes estimator are compared by means of a measurement under balanced loss function for the typical normal-normal situation. The proposed measurement is a weighted sum of the precisions of first and second moments. As a result, one can gets the criterion according to the size of prior variance against the population variance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine correlations among UPDRS, respiratory function, and senior fitness and to investigate the effects of restrictive respiratory function on these factors in Parkinson's disease patients. Methods: Subjects (n=25, Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage: 2-3, $69.3{\pm}5.9$ yrs) from D Hospital Parkinson's Disease Center at Busan metropolitan area in the Republic of Korea volunteered for this study. They performed the pulmonary function test, UPDRS, and the senior fitness test. SPSS 18.0 was used for analysis of data, and the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (n=25). In addition, Independent t-test was used for determination of differences between two groups (between the normal pulmonary function group (n=10) and the restrictive pulmonary function group (n=10)). Results: Forced vital capacity (FVC (L)) showed significant negative correlation (r=-0.44, p<0.05) with H&Y stage in Parkinson's disease patients, and chair stand showed significant negative correlations (r=0.41, 0.43, 0.42, p<0.05) with FVC (L), FVC (%), and FEV1 (L). FVC (%) showed significant positive correlations (r=0.44, r=0.44, p<0.05) with right and left back scratch. In addition, the restrictive respiratory function group showed significantly lower FVC (%) (p<0.01) and was significantly slower (p<0.05) in the 8-foot up-and-go test than the normal respiratory function group. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest that restrictive respiratory function in PD was related to H&Y stage. In addition, agility of PD patients was lower in the restrictive respiratory function group than in the normal function group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.331-338
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cardiopulmonary function and the energy metabolism of stroke patients and normal persons of graded load exercise using lower ergometer. Targeting 11 normal persons(male: 6, female: 5) and 9 stroke patients (male: 4, female: 5), an graded load exercise was performed with the use of lower ergometer by increasing 25 watts every 6 minute and Quark $b_2$ were used for the cardiopulmonary function and the energy metabolism. With respect to normal persons, there were significant increases in the phase of graded load exercise, maximum oxygen uptake time, exercise time with respect to the cardiopulmonary function. In addition, there was a significant correlation between cardiopulmonary function and energy metabolism, but there was no significant difference energy metabolism. As a result, there were no significant differences between stroke patients and normal persons of the cardiopulmonary function and the energy metabolism within 18 minutes, but it had significant differences between maximum oxygen uptake and exercise time. Moreover, it was possible to identify that the cardiopulmonary function and the energy metabolism of stroke patients and normal persons are related with maximum oxygen uptake.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Gamitaeeumjowi-tang(GTT) prescribed by doctors of korean(KMD) medicine on liver function. Methods For this single-center, prospective, observational study, we enrolled patients who wished to take GTT prescribed by KMD for losing weight. sixty(60) patients took GTT for 33.8 days and completed questionnaires. Liver function tests(LFTs) were performed bofore(first test) and after each GTT treatment(finish test). For LFT, T-bil, ALP, AST, ALT were measured. Result There were no significant changes in LFT data between the first and finish tests. At first test, levels of test seven(7) patients were more than twice of normal range of upper limit, levels of eight(8) patients were more than normal range of upper limit, less than twice of normal range of upper limit. At last test, levels of nine(9) patients were more than normal range of upper limit, less than twice of normal range of upper limit. Conclusion The current study showed that ingestion of GTT prescribed by KMD did not increase the frequency of abnormal LFTs, at least in the short term.