• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effective impact of self and resistive and ultrasound-biofeedback diaphragm breathing on the pulmonary function and diaphragm thickening ratio of young adults. METHODS: Thirty normal adults were assigned randomly to three experimental groups (self- diaphragm breathing (n=9), resistive-diaphragm breathing (n=11), ultrasound-biofeedback diaphragm breathing (n=10)). Each group participated for 15 minutes for times with a two minute rest between two sets. The subjects were assessed using the pre- and post- diaphragm thickening ratio and the pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, maximal voluntary ventilation, and respiratory rate) on the thirty subjects. A paired t-test was to determine the difference between before and after the experiment in each group of diaphragm breathing before and after the exercises. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the groups. RESULTS: The forced vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation measurements revealed a significant difference in the resistive-diaphragm breathing group than the other two groups. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the self-diaphragm breathing and ultrasound-biofeedback breathing groups. CONCLUSION: The resistive-diaphragm breathing group showed greater improvement in the pulmonary function than the other two groups. Therefore, resistive-diaphragm breathing will improve the pulmonary function on normal young adults.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

Objectives : Thyroid function is associated with psychiatric disturbance such as mood symptoms, cognitive functions, anxiety and sleep problem. We evaluate the effects of thyroid dysfunction on negative symptoms of schizophrenia, mood symptoms and somatic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Sixty five patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The patients were classified into two groups; the patients with the history of abnormal thyroid indices level(group of abnormal thyroid function) and the patients without the history of normal thyroid indices level(group of normal thyroid function). At baseline and 8 weeks later, psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Somatosensory Amplication Scale(SSAS). Results : During 8 weeks, there were significant differences in the changes of SANS, BDI, SSAS between group of abnormal thyroid function and group of normal thyroid function. Compared to group of normal thyroid function, group of abnormal thyroid function showed greater reduction of the scores of SANS(23.3%), BDI (19.6%), and SSAS(16.2%), respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between the scores of SANS, BDI, and SSAS. Conclusion : Our study suggested that abnormal thyroid indices would predict the prognosis of negative symptoms, mood symptoms, and somatic symtpoms in patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.319-325
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea catechin on microsomal mixed function oxidase(MFO) system of kidney and brain in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 140$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups wer classified to DM-0C(catechin 0%/kg diet), DM-0.5C (catechin 0.5%/kg diet), and DM-1.0C(catechin 1%/kg diet) according to the level of catechin supplementation. Diabetes were experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 55mg/kg body weight of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of three experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the sixth day of diabetic state. The contents of cytochrome P450 in kidney were increased by 77, 42, 49% in DM-0C, DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups, respectively, than normal group. The contents of cytochrome P450 in brain were increased by 43% in DM-0C group than normal group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were similar to that of normal group. The contents of cytochrome b5 in kidney were increased by 78, 38, 49% in DM-0C, DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups, respectively, than normal group. Meanwhile, the contents of cytochrome b5 in brain were not significantly different among all groups. The activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in kidney of DM-group were increased by 27% than normal group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were 13 and 15% lower than that of DM-0C group. The activities in brain were also increased by 31% in DM-0C group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were similar to than of normal group. Levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 147, 60 and 59% in DM-0C, DM-0.5C, and DM-1.0C groups, respectively, compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were 36, 35% lower than that of DM-0C group. Meanwhile, the levels of TBARS in brain were not significantly different among four groups. These results indicate that dietary catechins in green tea play a powerful antioxidant role in reducing the lipid peroxidation enhanced by activation of MFO system in STZ-induced diabetes.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of study is to find a correlation between Salivary clearance rate using saliva and blood and Secretion rate and Excretion rate using Salivary gland Scan images. Materials and Methods: Salivary Scan and Stimulate clearance of $^{99m}Tc$-pertechnate was performed in 20 patients with moderate function(group 1), 9 patients with severe function glands (group 2), 3 patients with non function (group 3) and normal 6 controls. Salivay clearance rate was compare with Secretion rate and Excretion rate of Salivary glands' ROI. Result: Stimulate salivary clearance of normal controls was 18.4 ml/min, salivary clearance of group 1 was 10.1 ml/min, salivary clearance of group 2 was 10.4 ml/min and salivary clearance of group 3 was 2.3 ml/min. Significant difference was found between normal controls and group 2,3 (p<0.05, p<0.05). Secretion rate and Excretion rate of normal controls was 21.6%, 24.6%, Secretion rate and Excretion rate of group 1 was 17.6%, 24.0%, Secretion rate and Excretion rate of group 2 was 8.8%, 13.9% and Secretion rate and Excretion rate of group 3 was 5.6%, 2.9%. Significant difference was found between normal controls and group 2,3 (p<0.05, p<0.05). Conclusions: Stimulate salivary clearance using saliva and blood and Secretion rate and Excretion rate using Salivary gland Scan images accord well together.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 1993

In this study, the deformation characteristics of atrtificially fractured joints of granite under normal and shear loading were investigated. To obtain the characteristics of joint deformation, compression and shear tests were performed in the laboratory on three different sizes of rock specimens. The rock used in the experimens was Iksan granite. Joints were produced artificially by fracturing using the apparatus for generating extension-joint. Joint normal deformability was studied by conducting cyclic loading tests on the joints. Joint closure varied non-linearly with normal stress through cyclic loadings. As normal stress increased, the joints gradually reached a state of maximum joint closure. The relation between normal stress and joint closure for mated and unmated joints was well described by the hyperbolic and exponential function, respectively. Joint shear deformability was studied by performing direct shear tests under normal stresses on the joints. it was shown that the behaviour in the prepeak range was non-linear and joint shear stiffness depended on the size of specimen and the normal stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.593-605
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• 2017

In this paper, we consider some normality criteria concerning multiple values. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of meromorphic functions defined in a domain D. Let k be a positive integer and ${\psi}(z){\not\equiv}0$, ${\infty}$ be a meromorphic function in D. If, for each $f{\in}\mathcal{F}$ and $z{\in}D$, (1) $f(z){\neq}0$, and all of whose poles are multiple; (2) all zeros of $f^{(k)}(z)-{\psi}(z)$ have multiplicities at least k + 3 in D; (3) all poles of ${\psi}(z)$ have multiplicities at most k in D, then $\mathcal{F}$ is normal in D.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.331-343
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• 2020

This paper is concerned with the global behavior of components of radial nodal solutions of semilinear elliptic problems -Δv = λh(x, v) in Ω, v = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω = {x ∈ R^N : r₁ < |x| < r₂} with 0 < r₁ < r₂, N ≥ 2. The nonlinear term is continuous and satisfies h(x, 0) = h(x, s₁(x)) = h(x, s₂(x)) = 0 for suitable positive, concave function s₁ and negative, convex function s₂, as well as sh(x, s) > 0 for s ∈ ℝ \ {0, s₁(x), s₂(x)}. Moreover, we give the intervals for the parameter λ which ensure the existence and multiplicity of radial nodal solutions for the above problem. For this, we use global bifurcation techniques to prove our main results.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Differential instrumentation for the diagnoses of individuals with Cleft palate has been used to objectively measure speech problems. The Cepstrum Method was used to study the vocal tract transfer function. The vocal tract transfer function and the source spectrum should be considered in the evaluation of nasal resonance. The aim of this study was to collect quantitative data on the acoustic Instrumentation used for evaluating hypernasality. Normal subjects (9 male, 21 female; 37 male children, 20 female children) and individuals with VPI (13 male, 8 female; 16 male children, 9 female) participated in this study. The vowel /i/ was selected to gauge the severances of hypernasality Spectral and Cepstral studies using CSL was used to identify the acoustic characteristics. Cepstrum analysis shows significant differences in quefrency and amplitude. The quefrency of normal groups was shorter than that of the VPI groups, while the amplitude of normal groups was lower than that of the VPI groups. This may have significance in the evaluation 'of nasal resonance.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-74
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• 2002

In this study, normal, log-normal, triangular, uniform. Weibull, Erlang and unit beta probability density functions are tried to represent the behaviour of frequency distributions of workpiece dimensions collected from various manufacturing firms. Among the distribution functions, the unit beta distribution function is found to be the best fit using the chi-square test of fit. An attempt is made for the adoption of the unit beta model to x-bar charts of quality control in manufacturing. In this direction, upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL) of x-bar control charts of dimension measurements are estimated for the beta model, and the observed differences between the beta and normal model control limits are discussed for the measurement sets.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1980

TRH stimulation tests and $T_3$ suppression tests were done in 13 patients with clinically suspected mild or early hyperthyroidism who were all conventional thyroid function tests gave results within the accepted normal range. The results were as follows 1. 6 patients with normal $T_3$ suppression test revealed normal TRH stimulation test and could be easily diagnosed as euthyroidism. 2. 7 patients with abnormal $T_3$ suppression test exhibited no TSH response to TRH stimulation test and could be easily diagnosed as hyperthyroidism. The TRH stimulation test is a single, sensitive and reliable test of thyroid function and can well replace $T_3$ suppression test in the diagnosis of marginal hyperthyroidism.