• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1765_1766
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose the mathematical model for the vehicle system and the observer for adhesion force. To model the dynamic properties of vehicle system, we have considered two fundamental parts. The first part is the motion equations for vehicle based on Newton's second law. The second part is the torque dynamics of the traction motor. These parts are affected by outer conditions such as adhesive coefficient, running resistance and gradient resistance. The each parts are presented by the numerical formula. From two equations, we get the observer on adhesion force. Simulation results show that the proposed observer have the good performance compared with the normal observer.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2003

Nanotribological characteristics between a Si$_3$N$_4$ AFM tip and hydrophobic thin films were experimentally studied. Tests were performed to measure the nano adhesion and friction in both AFM (atomic force microscope) and LFM (lateral force microscope) modes in various .ranges of normal load. Plasma-modified thin polymeric films were deposited on Si-wafer (100). Results showed that wetting angle of plasma-modified thin polymeric film increased with the treating time, which resulted in the hydrophobic surface and the decrease of adhesion and friction. Nanotribological characteristics of these surfaces were compared with those of other hydrophobic surfaces, such as DLC, OTS and IBAD-Ag coated surfaces. Those of OTS coated surface were superior to those of others, though wetting angle of plasma-modified thin polymeric film is higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.364-365
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• 2005

This paper report nanotribological behavior between Si tip and Cu wafer surfaces which was treated various concentration of $H_2O_2$. This experimental approach has proven atomic level insight into Cu CMP. It has been used to study interfacial friction and adhesion force between Si tip and Cu wafer surfaces in air by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Adhesion force of Cu surfaces which was pre-cleaned in diluted HF solution was lager than Cu oxide surfaces. Adhesion force of Cu oxide surface was saturated around 7 nN. Slope of normal force vs lateral signal was increased as increasing concentration of $H_2O_2$ and it was saturated around 24. Friction force of Cu oxide was lager than Cu.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.749-754
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• 2009

The polysaccharide (BB-pol) extracted from Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 showed growth inhibitory effects on several colon cancer cell lines such as HT-29 and HCT-116. To increase the yield of polysaccharide, B. bifidum BGN4 was cultured in various culture media with different compositions. When B. bifidum BGN4 was cultured in modified MRS broth containing phytic acid, the cells showed increased branch formation and enlarged morphology. The content of total carbohydrate and the ability of adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells were also increased by phytic acid. The polysaccharide obtained from the cells grown in the presence of phytic acid inhibited the proliferation of cancer cell lines such as HT-29 and MCF-7 cells but not normal colon cell line, FHC. Taken together, Bifidobacterium grown in the presence of phytic acid may confer enhanced beneficial function for the host.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.602-610
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper aims to develop an asphalt pavement system with reduced cracks, structural stability and waterproofing at sub-zero temperature conditions. Method: Under various temperature conditions, SIS polymer asphalt, normal asphalt, and guss asphalt were tested for adhesion strength of the binder and deformation strength of the mixture. Result: The adhesion strength of asphalt binder was higher in SIS polymer asphalt than that of normal asphalt and guss asphalt. The deformation strength of the asphalt mixture was almost the same as that of SIS polymer asphalt and normal asphalt. The energy absorption of the SIS polymer asphalt mixture was relatively higher than that of the normal asphalt mixture and the guss asphalt mixture. Conclusion: The maximum load of the SIS polymer asphalt mixture was lower than that of the guss asphalt mixture. However, in sub-zero temperature conditions, sufficient energy absorption was secured by stable load reduction. Therefore, it is expected to improve the durability of asphalt pavement by reducing the occurrence of microcracks with stable fracture behavior.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.237-244
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• 2004

Micro/nano tribological characteristics of PTFE coating films were experimentally studied. PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) modified polyethylene and low molecular weight PTFE were used as a coating materials. These films were deposited on Si-wafer (100) by IBAD (ion beam assisted deposition) method. The Ar ion beam sputtering was performed to change the surface topography of films using a hollow cathode ion gun under different Ar ion dose conditions in a vacuum chamber. Micro/nano tribological characteristics, water wetting angles and roughness were measured with a micro tribotester, SPM (scanning probe microscope), contact anglemeter and profilometer, respectively. The durability of the films were measured with macro tribotester. Results showed that the PTFE coating surfaces were converted to hydrophobic. The water contact angle of coated surfaces and surface roughness increased with the coating thickness. Adhesion and friction in micro and nano scale were governed by magnitude of normal load in soft material such as PTFE films. As the increase of sputtering time on low molecular weight PTFE films, the surface roughness was increased and nano adhesion and friction were decreased. The nano tribological characteristics of surfaces are mainly improved by chemical modification such as PTFE coating and given a synergy effect by the physical modification such as topographic modification.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2015

Bony fusion between the mandibular condyle and skull base involves temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony ankylosis. This condition might originate from trauma, infection, or systemic disease. TMJ adhesion can develop after synovial damage. Both TMJ ankylosis and adhesion lead to functional impairment and pain. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old female who had bony ankylosis of the right TMJ and adhesion of the left TMJ. She had otitis media in the right ear. A large mass in the right TMJ was observed on computed tomograph. Magnetic resonance image showed a large fused bone mass with normal bone marrow in the right TMJ and flattening of the condyle with a thin disk in the left TMJ. Gap arthroplasty with temporal fascia was performed on the right TMJ, and discectomy, high condylectomy, and coronoidectomy were performed on the left TMJ. During a 2-year follow-up after surgery, the patient had no recurrence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1986

The pericardial adhesions following the first open heart surgery pose a major problem that can increase the morbidity and mortality in cases of reoperation because of the danger of damaging the heart, great vessels or grafts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrapericardial infusion of 5% dextrose solution and heparin on experimental pericardial adhesions. The 15 white rabbits were divided into three treatment groups of 5 animals each: group 1 [control group], group 2[5% dextrose group] and group 3 [heparin group]. At 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and the pericardial adhesions were graded as follows: 1[none], ll[mild], Ill[moderate] and IV[severe]. Histological examination was performed on a subset of each group. The difference of adhesion between control and heparin group was evaluated by Chi-square analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Pericardial adhesions developed in 80% of animals in group 1 and 2. 2. Only 40%> of animals in group 3 had mild to moderate pericardial adhesions. This was significantly different from the control group [P=0.01]. 3. Histological examination showed that the pericardium with adhesion was thickened with fibrosis, while that without adhesion was thin, normal appearance. 4. In group 3, there was no evidence of hemorrhage or hemorrhagic tendency in the pericardium.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

Cows may suffer impaired ovarian function, often accompanied by reduced conception rates and increased embryonic loss. Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological findings in dairy cattle. It causes temporary infertility and is likely to affect reproduction as well as production parameters in cattle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the expression patterns of apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax), implantation (E-cadherin) and immune related proteins (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10) in uterine endometrium of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) with ovarian cyst and normal ovarian follicles. In the Western blot analysis, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in endometrium with normal ovarian follicles, whereas expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein was significantly lower. Also, the expressions of E-cadherin and TNF-${\alpha}$ proteins were significantly higher in uterine endometrium with normal ovarian follicles. On the other hand, the expression of IL-10 protein was significantly lower in uterine endometrium with normal ovarian follicles. Taken together, our results provided that the expressions of apoptosis, adhesion and immune related proteins in uterine endometrium with ovarian cyst were showed the aberrant patterns, and we suggest that different expression changes of these proteins may be affect to pregnancy ability of cattle.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

Simplification of the manufacturing process in shoe making is essential to improve productivity and reduce production costs. To improve the adhesion of EVA foam used as a midsole, EVA/itaconated EPDM(EPDM-g-IA)(80/20wt%) blend was prepared using Torque Rheometer-Plasti-Corder, and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine/crosslinking agent/foaming agent/additive were mixed, followed by amidation reaction and foaming to prepare EVA/EPDM-g-IA foam for shoe midsole. In this study, we investigate the effect of the content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0) on the mechanical properties, water-contact angle and adhesion of EVA/itaconated EPDM foam. As the content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine increased, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, tensile elastic modulus, hardness, and water-contact angle were lowered, but elongation at break and compression set(%) were increased. Both normal type and non-UV type adhesive strength increased with increasing diamine content. In particular, it was found that the adhesion strength of the non-UV type adhesion increased sharply with increasing diamine content. As a result, an adherend rupture occurs in a foam sample having a content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine of 3phr. From this, it can be seen that the EVA/itaconated EPDM foam for shoe midsoles, which can be used for non-UV adhesion without primer and UV treatments, have been developed.