• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1930-1936
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• 2007

A sequential optimization strategy based on statistical experimental designs was employed to enhance the production of cyclosporin A (CyA) by Tolypocladium inflatum DSMZ 915 in a submerged culture. A 2-level Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the bioprocess parameters significantly influencing CyA production. Among the 11 variables tested, sucrose, ammonium sulfate, and soluble starch were selected, owing to their significant positive effect on CyA production. A response surface methodology (RSM) involving a 3-level Box-Behnken design was adopted to acquire the best process conditions. Thus, a polynomial model was created to correlate the relationship between the three variables and the CyA yield, and the optimal combination of the major media constituents for cyclosporin A production, evaluated using the nonlinear optimization algorithm of EXCEL-Solver, was as follows (g/l): sucrose, 20; starch, 20; and ammonium sulfate, 10. The predicted optimum CyA yield was 113 mg/l, which was 2-fold the amount obtained with the basal medium. Experimental verification of the predicted model resulted in a CyA yield of 110 mg/l, representing 97% of the theoretically calculated yield.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.628-643
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• 2014

The idea to conduct this study stemmed from the following question: What is the appropriate interpretation of the recent change in the user behavior of radio listeners? For some terrestrial radio programs, traditional listeners who mainly listen to them real-time through terrestrial radio broadcasting has been outnumbered by those who access them on smartphones and other mobile devices in a nonlinear way outside the pre-scheduled time slots of the programs. In the research, how terrestrial radio listeners use the new service called podcasting to access and consume audio content were examined by using Q methodology. As a result, three different types of user behavior and perception were modeled. This shows a prominent change in radio content use, which is moving away from the conventional user behavior pattern of radio content, one of the key media for mass communication in the 20th century. Such a development opens up new opportunities to create the same or even a greater user base compared to the existing one for terrestrial radio programs with the users' newly gained mobile access and to replace current radio content by using podcasting as a new service.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

The visual, sensible and social situation that the modern digital technologies create became the background for the works of architects in extreme modernism and their space modeling suggested another possibility that was emancipated from the restriction of a property of matter and gravity in the existing space. The architecture design process using the digital technology has been attempted in diverse ways and summarized with several characteristics such as displacement, nonlinear space, flexibility of space and non-Euclidean geometry system. However, the conceptual and very technical design process that is called as digital architecture has been indiscriminately used with mixed meanings and the common features and differences between works and theories are not studied. This study aims to classify and identify the digital architecture by type as analyzing the non-linear composition process that is common in the digital architecture.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2014

This research aimed to develope squash sikhye containing retrograded rice flour using response surface methodology. For this, nonlinear regression equation was calculated with the setting of independent variables as retrograded rice flour containing resistant starch and squash, and dependent variables as viscosity, sugar content, pH, color, and sensory attributes. Under the experimental condition, the quality characteristics of squash sikhye were found as 6.20~6.25 for pH, $14.00{\sim}17.33^{\circ}Brix$ for sweetness, 2.64~4.45 cP for viscosity, 57.51~60.18 for lightness, 4.94~7.52 for redness, and 50.98~60.29 for yellowness. It also was revealed overall acceptability in sensory evaluation rated as 9.67~10.83 out of 15 point. These results showed statistically significant differences in quality attributes with the increase of retrograded rice flour and squash(p<0.05). Thus, optimal mixing quantity of squash and retrograded rice flour for squash sikhye was identified as 114 g and 65 g, respectively. Comparison of sensory qualities of four samples, namely squash sikhye with and without retrograded rice, and two commercial products, showed that squash sikhye including retrograded rice flour had the best quality in terms of color, taste, mouth feeling, flavor and overall acceptability (p<0.05). Thus the squash sikhye with retrograded rice flour can be the potential products as a health benefit beverage for the old adult and the young generation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2011

Emerging issues related with fully coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) behavior of unsaturated soil demand the development of a numerical tool in diverse geo-mechanical and geo-environmental areas. This paper presents general governing equations for coupled THM processes in unsaturated porous media. Coupled partial differential equations are derived from three mass balances equations (solid, water, and air), energy balance equation, and force equilibrium equation. With Galerkin formulation and time integration of these governing equations, finite element code is developed to find nonlinear solution of four main variables (displacement-u, gas pressure-$P_g$), liquid pressure-$P_1$), and temperature-T) using Newton's iterative scheme. Three cases of numerical simulations are conducted and discussed: one-dimensional drainage experiments (u-$P_g-P_1$), thermal consolidation (u-$P_1$-T), and effect of pile on surrounding soil due to surface temperature variation (u-$P_1$-T).

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.391-406
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• 2010

Digital cinema based on digital master distribution increases with stereoscopic film as the center. DCI specification V1.0 announced at 2004, it considerates stereoscopic film screening. And now, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is establishing a task force to define the standards of a stereoscopic contents viewed in the home. Today, most Hollywood commercial stereoscopic film features animation using computer graphic. However, considering film making characteristic, stereoscopic digital cinema is required shooting in real world and editing, screening. This paper presents possibility of stereoscopic examination at NLE in the stereoscopic workflow. And we will propose new stereoscopic digital cinema workflow to apply the stereoscopic examination. Based on experimental results, the 3D ready television using 120Hz has some obstacles for contents editing, but most domestic stereoscopic monitor using circular polarization is possible for successful editing.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1996

In general, the high quality audio coding(HQAC) has the structure of the convertional data compression techniques combined with moodels of human perception. The primary auditory characteristic applied to HQAC is the masking effect in the spectral domain. Therefore spectral techniques such as the subband coding or the transform coding are widely used[1][2]. However no effort has yet been made to apply the temporal masking effect and temporal redundancy removing method in HQAC. The audio data compression method proposed in this paper eliminates statistical and perceptual redundancies in both temporal and spectral domain. Transformed audio signal is divided into packets, which consist of 6 frames. A packet contains 1536 samples($256{\times}6$) :nd redundancies in packet reside in both temporal and spectral domain. Both redundancies are elminated at the same time in each packet. The psychoacoustic model has been improved to give more delicate results by taking into account temporal masking as well as fine spectral masking. For quantization, each packet is divided into subblocks designed to have an analogy with the nonlinear critical bands and to reflect the temporal auditory characteristics. Consequently, high quality of reconstructed audio is conserved at low bit-rates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2002

A numerical method to efficiently secure necessary design informations of the hydraulic characteristics of rubble mound breakwater was attempted here. The method combines the exterior wave field with the interior wave field which is formulated incorporating porous media flow inside the breakwaters. An approximate method based on the long wave assumption was used for the exterior wave field while a boundary element method was used for the interior wave field. A hydraulic experiment was also performed to verify the validity of the numerical analysis. The numerical results were compared with experimental data and results from existing formulae. They generally agreed in both reflection and transmission coefficients. The calculated pore pressures also showed a similar pattern with experimental data, even if they gave some significant differences in their values fur some cases. The main cause of such differences can be attributed to the strongly nonlinear wave field occurring on the frontal slope of the breakwater. The direct input of dynamic pressures(measured from hydraulic experiment) into the numerical method was suggested as a promising method to enhance the predictability of pore pressures.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.400-407
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• 2019

In this paper, the shadow detection and reconstruction method are proposed using intrinsic image, which does not change the essential characteristics under the influence of various illuminance, and multi-scale gamma correction. The shadow detection was estimated by the pixel change information between a grayscale and an intrinsic image of the color image, and the brightness of the image were adjusted by gamma correction in the shadow restoration process. Multi-scale gamma correction is performed for each channel of a color image due to the fact that the saturation can be changed by nonlinear adjustment to individual pixel values. Multi-scale gamma values are estimated based on the information of the crossed edge between shadows and non-shadowed regions in the color image, as a result, the shadows are reconstructed by correcting different region features with multi-scale gamma values. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively reconstructs shadows in a single natural image.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.633-642
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• 2019

Recently, the convolution neural network (CNN) model at a single image super-resolution (SISR) have been very successful. The residual learning method can improve training stability and network performance in CNN. In this paper, we propose a SISR using recursive residual network architecture by introducing dense skip connections for learning nonlinear mapping from low-resolution input image to high-resolution target image. The proposed SISR method adopts a method of the recursive residual learning to mitigate the difficulty of the deep network training and remove unnecessary modules for easier to optimize in CNN layers because of the concise and compact recursive network via dense skip connection method. The proposed method not only alleviates the vanishing-gradient problem of a very deep network, but also get the outstanding performance with low complexity of neural network, which allows the neural network to perform training, thereby exhibiting improved performance of SISR method.