• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

About 83% of the total population of Lao PDR lives in rural areas. People living near forest are highly dependent on the forest resources closed to their villages. Especially non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provide a wide range of subsistence needs and are the main source of their cash income. They also make a significant contribution to the country economy. The annual export value of NTFPs is considerably high. 708 edible NTFP species (238 edible plants and 470 animals) have been recorded so far, and about 400 plants have been reported and used as medicinal plants by Lao people. One hundred NTFP species are considered as commercial forest products. The striking trend in NTFP resources is the decline of some commercial species due to increased demand on them for commercialization, and the loss of forest by rapid population growth. To sustainablely manage the NTFPs resources, a number of new management systems are under development and support in progress by the government.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 2023

Consumption and selling of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are important means to meet nutritional requirements and improve the socio-economic conditions of the rural population. The purpose of this study was to document the status and utilization pattern and assess the economic value of NTFPs sold in the markets of the Itanagar Capital Region (ICR) of Arunachal Pradesh. Five major markets with 182 vendors were surveyed, and a total of 94 plant-based products under 63 species belonging to 32 families were found to be sold in the markets. Species like Acmella oleracea, Clerodendrum glandulosum, Dioscorea alata, Houttuynia cordata, Phoebe goalparensis, Piper pedicellatum, Zanthoxylum rhetsa, etc. are found to be highly preferred and have a higher demand in the local markets. The edible products of species like Piper pedicellatum and Phoebe goalparensis though highly consumed in the study area, are used only within the region, and the national and international demands of the species are nil. The animal-base products are not included in the study.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 2015

Non-timber forest products are important component of subsistence and livelihood of tribal communities living in and near forests. This is of particular significance in the state of Arunachal Pradesh having more than 80% of geographical area under forest cover and predominantly inhabited by tribal people. Purpose of this study was to document the status and utilization pattern and to assess the economic value of NTFPs of the state. Present study was carried out in eight districts of Arunachal Pradesh viz., Changlang, East Kameng, Lower Subansiri, Tawang, Tirap, Upper Siang, West Kameng and West Siang covering 34 villages and 350 households. Altogether, 135 plant based and 36 animal based non-timber forest products were recorded. Among plant based NTFPs, 54 species were collected for leaves, 30 for stem and 22 for fruits. Most of the animal based NTFPs (93%) were collected/hunted for food. Average 20~40 kg of NTFPs was collected annually per household. Maximum plant based NTFP collection was recorded from West Siang followed by West Kameng and Tawang. Similarly, highest collection of animal based NTFPs was recorded from West Siang followed by Tirap and Lower Subansiri. NTFP contributed more than 50% of annual income of the people of East Kameng, Tirap, Lower Subansiri and Upper Siang districts. An illiterate and unemployed person with minimum agricultural land was more dependent on forests for his livelihood than a literate jobholder. The study concludes that a large section of people of Arunachal Pradesh are dependent on NTFPs for their livelihood however due to its unscientific harvesting, the availability of NTFPs is receding with time. There is an urgent need to promote cultivation and scientific harvesting of NTFPs in order to conserve the plant and animal diversity of this global biodiversity hotspot and for ensuring livelihood security of the people living in this area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.231-241
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• 2009

Trade specialization index, import market share, unit value index, market comparative advantage index have been applied to compare the competitiveness of forest products in Korean and European markets for the case of Korea-EU FTA. The results say that no items of non-timber products would show a surge of imports as a result of FTA. Timber products, however, such as non-coniferous plywood, continuously shaped wood (non-coniferous), densified wood, wood wool and flour, other (plywood), other (particle board, 441039)), other (fiberboard), oriented strand board (other), other (particle board, 441090), other (particle board, 441031), Prefabricated buildings of wood, fibreboard (of a density exceeding $0.5g/cm^3$ but not exceeding $0.8g/cm^3$), wooden frames (for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects) and wood marquetry and inlaid wood are expected to increase of their imports by eliminating tariffs. For Korean exports no items of non-timber products have competitiveness in European market. For Korean pyroligneous liquid, which is the only competitive timber product in EU market in terms of MCA and TSI, it is difficult to decide whether it has competitiveness, since the actual exports have taken place occasionally during a period of last five years.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2001

This study examined the impacts of tariff reductions on timber products in the new round of WTO negotiations on domestic timber products markets and presented the measures to minimize their impacts. Scenarios on reductions in tariffs were developed based on result of UR negotiation and prospective issues on scope of tariffs bound, base rates for negotiation, degree of tariff cuts, etc. emerged during preparatory meetings held to launch the New Round of WTO Negotiation. Korea Timber Market Model(KORTIMM) developed by Korea Forest Research Institute was used to simulate the impacts on forest products markets by scenario. It was estimated that their impacts on net imports would be much larger than those on both consumption and production. The results showed that their impacts on plywood market and on net imports of processed forest products would be much larger relatively but that their impacts on log market and on consumption and production of processed forest products would be less than 1 percent. It was estimated that log consumption would be reduced due to reduction in domestic production of processed products and thus both production and imports of logs would be reduced as well. In oder to minimize the impacts, efforts should be made to start negotiations to reduce tariffs with bound rates for bounded products and with applied rates for non-bounded products, to expand the implementation period and to maintain the status of developing country. In addition, it might be one of countermeasures to use legitimate measures consistent with WTO rules such as anti-dumping, countervailing measures and safeguards.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2009

This study analyzed core issues addressed in the tentative agreement of WTO ministerial meetings held to finish WTO/DDA negotiations in Geneva in July 2008. The objectives of this study are to analyze changes in tariff reduction on timber products, and their influence on demand and supply of the items according to the modality of Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) and to provide basic information for strategy formulation of our country for further WTO/DDA negotiations. The results indicate that there will not be significant changes in the tariff on sawnwood and on veneer sheets, however, the tariff on plywood need to be cut by around 50% from the applicable tariff rates of 2008 on condition that our country is in the position of developed countries. Therefore, the item of plywood is expected to be influenced greatly according to the change in tariff reduction. From the analysis of influence of tariff reduction on the demand and supply of timber products including sawnwood and wood based panels, such as plywood, particleboard, and fiberboard, the import quantities of the items are expected to be changed from 0.8% to 13.3% if our country is in the position of developed countries, however, they are expected to decline by 0.8%~44.3%, if our country is in the position of developing countries (22, coefficient for developing members).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2008

This study was analyzed the changes of the tariff reduction for the timber products according to the modalities proposed by the chairman of Non-agriculture Market Access. The resulted data would be expected to be used for establishing the strategies for the WTO/DDA negotiation of Korea. As WTO/DDA negotiation was officially resumed in the early 2007. It was necessarily required to develop a strategy how to address debating core issues raised during the negotiation since 2006. For this purpose, major core issues and agenda were arranged and analyzed in this study. In Korea, the results of the analysis show that, in the position of developed members, the applicable tariff rates after the tariff reduction of sawnwood and veneer sheet was not different from that in 2007. However, in the position of developing members, the applicable tariff rate of sawnwood and veneer sheet was increased after the tariff reduction. The unbound tariff lines, wood-based panels such as plywood and medium-density fiberboard, the applicable tariff rate after the tariff reduction was analyzed to be reduced more than 50% in the position of developed members, and therefore is determined to be considerable influenced upon the applicable tariff rates. On the other hand, in the position of developing country the tariff rates after the tariff reduction was higher than that of the applicable tariff rates in 2007. Thus no changes of the tariff reduction by a negotiation agreement was analyzed to be happened.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.106-115
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• 2021

The aim of the study was to analyze the spatial characteristics of the main producing areas of nontimber forest products. We analyzed the spatial aggregations of the main producing area and their changes using the Moran's I index. We found that 45% of nontimber forest products were significanty spatially clustered. Additionally, in five major products, we observed that the main producing area has expanded and the degree of aggregation has also strengthened over the last ten years. The results of this study can be effectively used for forest policies, such as determining the location and size of the distribution centers of specific forest products.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.272-280
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• 2019

Forest medicinal resources, which constitute one of the non-timber forest products, have been regarded as healthy and highly valued products. To meet the increasing demand of the medicinal resources, it is necessary to improve the propagation methods of medicinal plants. In vitro propagation not only allows an opportunity for propagating plants in large numbers but also allows for enhancing the quality and quantity of the desired functional component of a plant by altering the growth factors, such as medium, carbon source, and plant growth regulators influence plant. There have been several studies of in vitro propagation methods, such as axillary bud culture, shooting, and embryogenesis, on Kalopanax septemlobus, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Hovenia dulcis, and Schisandra chinensis in Korea between from 2000 through 2010. Furthermore, there have been attempts to proliferate callus and plantlets for producing useful natural compounds by using bioreactors. Here, we provide an account of the in vitro propagation methods of medicinal trees in Korea based on a review of several micropropagation studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2019

In a situation where production of short-term income forestry products has been stagnant or decreased in recent years, the government or related agencies are trying to promote consumption of short-term income forest products. While consumer sentiment studies on short-term income forestry are being conducted as part of efforts to encourage consumption, most of the studies rely solely on a survey-based method. In the information age, consumer sentiment toward consumer goods is reflected mostly on social networking sites due to the spread of the Internet. It is necessary to avoid relying solely on a survey-based method in existing research and directly analyze social networking sites that reflect consumers' wishes. In response, this study identified consumer preferences for major short-term income forest products through social big data analyses and used the results to establish strategies for promoting the sale of short-term income forest products. This paper is different from previous research using only a survey-based method, and it uses SNS to understand consumer preferences. The results of this study are expected to directly help the government or related agencies promote consumption of short-term income forest products and, ultimately, help improve forest-related income and promote healthy forest condition.