• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.523-529
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Commensality, eating together with others, is a major representation of human sociality. In recent time, environments around commensality have changed significantly due to rapid social changes, and the decline of commensality is perceived as a serious concern in many modern societies. This study employs a cross-cultural analysis of university students in two East Asian countries, and examines cross-cultural variations of perceptions and actual practices of commensality and solo-eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The analysis was drawn from a free-list survey and a self-administrative questionnaires of university students in urban Korea and Japan. The free-listing survey was conducted with a small cohort to explore common images and meanings of commensality and solo-eating. The self-administrative questionnaire was developed based on the result of the free-list survey, and conducted with a larger cohort to examine reasons and problems of practices and associated behaviors and food intake. RESULTS: We found that Korean subjects tended to show stronger associations between solo-eating and negative emotions while the Japanese subjects expressed mixed emotions towards the practice of solo-eating. In the questionnaire, more Korean students reported they prefer commensality and tend to eat more quantities when they eat commensally. In contrast, more Japanese reported that they do not have preference on commensality and there is no notable difference in food quantities when they eat commensally and alone. Compared to the general Korean cohort finding, more proportion of overweight and obese groups of Korean subjects reported that they tend to eat more when they are alone than normal and underweight groups. This difference was not found in the overweight Japanese subjects. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed cross-cultural variations of perceptions and practices of commensality and solo-eating in a non-western setting.

• 미술이론과 현장
• /
• 제3호
• /
• pp.173-192
• /
• 2005

Yoo Youngkuk started his career as an artist when he entered Bunkagakuin of Tokyo in 1935 he actively participated in the Japanese art scene as a young Korean artist until 1943. In his earliest works, Rhapsody and Work B, Surrealist and abstract influences are manifested as these were prevalent in Japan at the time. With the exception of Rhapsody and Work B, all works available that were executed between 1937 and 1940 are abstract, which points to the fact that Yoo intended abstraction from the beginning. Surviving works in relief suggest his early style was founded on the abstractions similar to Russian Avant-Garde, Neo-plasticism and Bauhaus simplicity. His early abstractions were not the ideational images derived in the process of the abstraction of the representational image, but they arose from the constructive attitude in composing the already stylized non-representational geometries. It is worth noting that his early emphasis was on the pure and absolute geometric abstraction, rather than the images motivated from the figurative representation. Yoo differentiates himself from Kim Whan Ki in the following aspects: one, he eliminated the subject matter i.e. human figures and the nature; two, he maintained the constructivist attitude in creating a strict and absolute abstraction; three, he experimented with different styles without combining them. He manifests direct influences from the prevalent Western art influences, such as Futurism and Russian Avant-Garde, unlike Kim who vaguely references. In both paintings and reliefs, Yoo's attempt in the realization of the pictorial depth and space seems cerebral and conceptualized compared with the other artists of the time who resolved abstraction via the constructive dimension. Uemura, a contemporary critic to the geometric abstractions in Japan, disapproves the stylistic bent in the adaptation of the abstract painting without the comprehension of its spiritual movement. As witnessed in other criticisms as well, contemporary Japanese critics' interest lie mainly in the superficial observation such as the presence of representational elements, composition and use of color. Such formal and superficial understanding of the geometric abstraction resulted in

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.121-135
• /
• 2007

문제의 제약조건을 명확히 표현하고 휴리스틱 탐색에 의하여 스케쥴링을 형성하는 제약조건 중심의 스케쥴링 기법은 실세계의 스케쥴링 문제에 성공적으로 적용되어 왔다. 하지만, 기존의 제약조건 중심의 스케쥴링 연구에서 스케쥴링의 목적을 표현하고 최적화하는데 관련된 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 특히 비용 목적함수는 다양한 비즈니스 계획의 효과를 분석하는 기업의사결정에서 매우 중요 하다고 평가된다. 이 연구의 목적은 자원 용량이나 일시적인 제약조건을 만족하면서 지연비용 및 재고비용을 포함한 스케쥴링의 전체 비용을 명확하게 표현하고 최적화하는 것이다. 비용기반 스케쥴링 프레임워크에서, 동일한 작업 내에 일시적인 제약조건을 만들어 가면서 비용함수를 개선해 나가는 비용 전파 알고리즘을 제시하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제11권12호
• /
• pp.2406-2412
• /
• 2007

최근에 인공지능기법을 적용한 자연어 처리 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있으나 아직까지는 자연어 형태소 분석 등에 대부분 많은 노력을 기울이고 있으며 형태소 분석 결과를 활용하기 위한 기법에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 자연어의 형태소 분석 결과와 규칙 추론 기법을 활용하여 게임에서 사용되는 NPC(Non-Player Character)가 사용자와 자연어 문장으로 대화를 가능하게 하는 자연어 대화 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 기존에 개발되어 있는 규칙 추론 엔진인 NEO를 이용하여 자연어 대화 처리에 적합한 규칙의 표현과 구현 기법을 제안하였다. 실험을 위하여 다이어트에 대한 상담을 해 주는 NPC를 가상으로 설정하여 다이어트에 관련된 지식을 규칙과 사실들로 생성하였으며 다이어트와 관련된 보편적인 문장들로 프로그램을 수행한 결과 자연스러운 대화 내용이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.643-702
• /
• 2021

Fix ℤ/2 is the prime field of two elements and write 𝒜₂ for the mod 2 Steenrod algebra. Denote by GL_d := GL(d, ℤ/2) the general linear group of rank d over ℤ/2 and by ${\mathfrak{P}}_d$ the polynomial algebra ℤ/2[x₁, x₂, …, x_d] as a connected unstable 𝒜₂-module on d generators of degree one. We study the Peterson "hit problem" of finding the minimal set of 𝒜₂-generators for ${\mathfrak{P}}_d$. Equivalently, we need to determine a basis for the ℤ/2-vector space $$Q{\mathfrak{P}}_d:={\mathbb{Z}}/2{\otimes}_{\mathcal{A}_2}\;{\mathfrak{P}}_d{\sim_=}{\mathfrak{P}}_d/{\mathcal{A}}^+_2{\mathfrak{P}}_d$$ in each degree n ≥ 1. Note that this space is a representation of GL_d over ℤ/2. The problem for d = 5 is not yet completely solved, and unknown in general. In this work, we give an explicit solution to the hit problem of five variables in the generic degree n = r(2^t - 1) + 2^ts with r = d = 5, s = 8 and t an arbitrary non-negative integer. An application of this study to the cases t = 0 and t = 1 shows that the Singer algebraic transfer of rank 5 is an isomorphism in the bidegrees (5, 5 + (13.2⁰ - 5)) and (5, 5 + (13.2¹ - 5)). Moreover, the result when t ≥ 2 was also discussed. Here, the Singer transfer of rank d is a ℤ/2-algebra homomorphism from GL_d-coinvariants of certain subspaces of $Q{\mathfrak{P}}_d$ to the cohomology groups of the Steenrod algebra, $Ext^{d,d+*}_{\mathcal{A}_2}$ (ℤ/2, ℤ/2). It is one of the useful tools for studying these mysterious Ext groups.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.910-916
• /
• 2019

자연 영상의 비지역적 유사성은 다양한 영상 응용 분야에서 활용되는 중요한 특성 중에 하나이다. 영상 내 객체의 에지나 텍스쳐, 무늬 등은 비지역적으로 반복되어 나타난다. 유사도가 높은 영상 블록들로 군집을 형성하면 자연스럽게 그로부터 특징을 추출할 수 있다. 또한 군집의 크기가 클수록 원치 않는 백색 잡음에 대한 대항력을 키울 수 있다. 영상 신호 처리 중 잡음 제거 관련 연구는 백색 가산 잡음이 포함된 영상의 복원을 다룬다. 본 논문에서는 백색 잡음이 포함된 영상을 유사도에 따라 적응적으로 군집화하여 잡음 신호에 대한 이득을 향상시키고, 이를 통해 잡음을 효과적으로 제거하는 알고리듬을 제안한다. 다양한 영상과 잡음 강도에 대한 모의실험 결과로부터 제안된 알고리듬이 에지, 텍스쳐, 무늬 영역을 잘 보존하면서 잡음을 제거할 수 있음을 시각적으로 확인할 수 있고, 또한 최근 보고된 여러 방법들과의 잡음 제거 성능 수치 비교에서도 우수한 결과를 보인다.

• 영미문화
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.29-61
• /
• 2017

Said's Orientalism criticized the European representations on the Middle-East by theorizing orientalism as a discourse. In this text, he explored and criticized the colonial forms of knowledge and language that distorted the image of the colonized. The justification of the discourse of orientalism is derived from the binary system that is originated from Plato which Derrida rejects on the ground that it always privileges one term over the other, that is, colonizer over colonized. Derrida names for this traditional heritage of Western binary system logocentrism which regards logos(the Greek term for speech or reason) as the central principle of language and philosophy, whereas mythos derives its meaning from the logos on the basis of binary oppositions. Thus according to logocentrism, the colonized is merely the defined who can have its meaning from the definers, colonizers. In this paper, utilizing Derrida's a (non)concept called supplement which means both to add on as a surplus and to make up something missing as a mere extra, I propose another alternative interpretation towards the critique of colonial representation by raising internal contradictions in the Platonic dichotomy between logos and mythos embedded in western colonialism discourse, orientalism. I attempt to show that logos(colonizer) and mythos(colonized) is inseparable in itself due to the fact that they exist as supplementary. For this purpose, I demonstrate how colonial binary system constituted and was constituted in terms of language. Through this paper I reinterpret the colonial rationality of privileging 'logos' over 'mythos' by substituting the colonial binary system with the supplement.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2022

Architecture had played a significant role model in philosophy because the construction of building represented doing philosophy. 'Architecture as metaphor' made it possible that doing philosophy was a kind of construction of thinking and western philosopher considered himself as an architect of idea. As a system of system, architectural analogy gave philosophy a chance to insist himself as a theory of theory. So architecture had always been a privileged model of discourse system and also a fundamental metaphor in philosophy. Because of its original meaning, Architecture as techne could be considered as poiesis, that was the special building(making) in western culture. The archi(arche) - structure(techne) was a ideal model and mechanism of philosophy because with this analogy doing philosophy became a kind of building act to make a logical system of idea. This kind of tradition in philosophy, especially metaphysics, made the characteristics of western philosophy 'architectonic' that implied the meaning of the rational, stable, hierarchical and holistic. But this kind of tradition exposed the problem of philosophy that focused on Identity and excluded the others. The logocentrism of western philosophy was also the limitation of architectonic thinking and its reductionism became a grand monologue which only allowed systematic, rational discourse. Its ideological position Inevitably caused the anti-architectural thinking in modern age as a diverse form of new trend of thinking as like postmodernism or deconstruction. Even Deconstructivism, or 'informe', non-representation in architecture depends upon anti-architectural thinking. Relationship between architecture as metaphor and the building of philosophy is problematique issue.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2022

Early detection continues to be the mainstay of breast cancer control as well as the improvement of its treatment. Even so, the absence of cancer symptoms at the onset has early detection quite challenging. Therefore, various researchers continue to focus on cancer as a topic of health to try and make improvements from the perspectives of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This research's chief goal is development of a system with deep learning for classification of the breast cancer as non-malignant and malignant using mammogram images. The following two distinct approaches: the first one with the utilization of patches of the Region of Interest (ROI), and the second one with the utilization of the overall images is used. The proposed system is composed of the following two distinct stages: the pre-processing stage and the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) building stage. Of late, the use of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms has accomplished a lot of progress in resolving these problems. Teaching-Learning Based Optimization algorithm (TIBO) meta-heuristic was originally employed for resolving problems of continuous optimization. This work has offered the proposals of novel methods for training the Residual Network (ResNet) as well as the CNN based on the TLBO and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The classification of breast cancer can be enhanced with direct application of the hybrid TLBO- GA. For this hybrid algorithm, the TLBO, i.e., a core component, will combine the following three distinct operators of the GA: coding, crossover, and mutation. In the TLBO, there is a representation of the optimization solutions as students. On the other hand, the hybrid TLBO-GA will have further division of the students as follows: the top students, the ordinary students, and the poor students. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed hybrid TLBO-GA is more effective than TLBO and GA.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2022

Non-conforming mesh를 이용해 구조적인 불연속성을 해석 시 요소 내 함수 불연속성과 특이점이 존재하며, 이로 인해 계산의 효율성이 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 모멘트 피팅법을 응용한 선택적 확장기법(Duster and Allix, 2020)을 토대로 새로운 고효율 확장 기법을 제시하였다. 특히, 적분과정에서의 비효율성에 초점을 두고 두가지 개선 방안을 제안하고 이를 수치 예제를 통해 검증하였다. 첫째로 음함수-모멘트간 효율적 계산을 위해 인공신경망을 도입하였으며, 기존 확장 기법에 비해 해의 정확성이 유지되면서도 효율적인 계산이 가능함을 확인하였다. 더불어, 구조 해석과 형상 표상용 격자를 분리, 낮은 밀도의 구조 해석 격자에서도 정확성이 향상되었음을 보였다.