• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2647-2650
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancers(CRC) are the third most common cancer in the western world, with surgery preferred for management of non-metastatic disease and post surgical treatment usually arranged according to the TNM staging system. However, there is still prognostic variation between patients who have the same stage. It is increasingly recognized that variations within disease course and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients are influenced by not only oncological characteristics of the tumor itself but also host response factors. Recent studies have shown correlation between the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in various cancers. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been described as a marker for immune response to various stimuli including cancer. Material-Methods: Two hundred eighty-one CRC patients were included in our retrospective analysis, separated into two groups according to a cut-off value for the NLR. Patient data including age, gender, vertical penetration, anatomic location, and differentiation of the tumor, TNM stage, survival rate, and disease-free survival were analyzed for correlations with the NLR. Results: Using ROC curve analysis, we determined a cut-off value of 2.2 for NLR to be best to discriminate between patient survival in the whole group. In univariate analysis, high pretreatment NLR (p=0.001, 95%CI 1.483-4.846), pathologic nodal stage (p<0.001, 95%CI 1.082-3.289) and advanced pathologic TNM stage (p<0.001, 95%CI 1.462-4.213) were predictive of shorter survival. In multivariate analysis, advanced pathologic TNM stage (p=0.001, 95%CI 1.303-26.542) and high pretreatment NLR (p=0.005, 95%CI 1.713-6.378) remained independently associated with poor survival. Conclusions: High pre-treatment NLR is a significant independent predictor of shorter survival in patients with colorectal cancer. This parameter is a simple, easily accessible laboratory value for identifying patients with poorer prognosis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

목질계 바이오 매스 전처리에 사용되는 ionic liquid는 전처리 후 100% 회수되지 않아 잔존하는 ionic liquid의 독성이 직접적으로 미생물 균주의 생육에 나쁜 영향을 미쳐 에탄올 발효의 수율 및 생산성을 저해하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ionic liquid에 저해를 받지 않으며 높은 ethanol 생산 효율을 가진 균주를 얻고자 유도적 돌연변이 유발 실험을 진행하였다. 선별된 돌연변이 균주 D452-B2와 D452-S3는 3% [EMIM][Ac]가 포함된 배지에서 glucose 소비속도는 $4.5g{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$와 $4.4g{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$로 모균주인 S. cerevisiae D452-2 균주에 비해 6배 가량 증가하였으며, ethanol 생산성은 각각 $1.99g{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$와 $2.0g{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$로 27배 가량 증가하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation effect of Cynomorii Herba(CH) extract on contracted rabbit carotid artery.Methods : To clarify the vasorelaxation effect of CH extract, arterial strips with intact was used, to endothelium -dependent vasorelaxation effect of CH extract, arterial strips damaged endothelium was used for experiment using organ bath. Arterial strips was contracted with phenylephrine(PE) before treated with CH extract(0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 ㎎/㎖). To study mechanisms of CH-induced vasorelaxation effect, CH extract infused into arterial rings after treatment by indomethacin(IM), tetraethylammonium chloride(TEA), Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), methylene blue(MB) for comparing with non-treated. And calcium chloride(Ca²⁺) 1 mM was treated into precontracted arterial ring induced by PE after treatment of CH extract in Ca²⁺-free krebs solution. Cytotoxic activity of CH extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) was measured by MTT assay, and nitric oxide(NO) concentration was measured by Griess reagent.Results : PE-induced arterial strips was significantly relaxed, but the damaged endothelium arterial ring wasn't relaxed by CH extract. Pretreatment of IM, TEA didn't inhibit the vasorelaxation of CH extract, but pretreatment of L-NNA, MB inhibited the vasorelaxation of CH extract. Pretreatment of CH extract reduced the increase of contraction by influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ in contracted arterial ring induced by PE, CH extract increased nitric oxide concentration on HUVEC significantly.Conclusions : This study shows that CH extract have the vasorelaxation effect by blocking the influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ through the activating NO-cGMP system.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2020

Sphacelaria is a filamentous brown algal genus that can be epibiotic on macroalgae, marine plants, and sea turtles. Its important role in benthic ecosystems, exposure to different stressors (e.g., grazing), and use as a model organism make Sphacelaria ideal for assessing physiological responses of organisms to environmental inputs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful new probe for understanding environmental responses of organisms at the molecular (transcriptome) level, capable of delineating gene regulation in different cell types. In the case of plants, this technique requires protoplasts ("naked" plant cells). The existing protoplast isolation protocols for Sphacelaria use non-commercial enzymes and are low-yielding. This study is the first to report the production of protoplasts from Sphacelaria fusca (Hudson) S.F. Gray, using a combination of commercial enzymes, chelation, and osmolarity treatment. A simple combination of commercial enzymes (cellulase Onozuka RS, alginate lyase, and driselase) with chelation pretreatment and an increased osmolarity (2512 mOsm/L H₂O) gave a protoplast yield of 15.08 ± 5.31 × 10⁴ protoplasts/g fresh weight, with all the Sphacelaria cell types represented. Driselase had no crucial effect on the protoplast isolation. However, the increased osmolarity had a highly significant and positive effect on the protoplast isolation, and chelation pretreatment was essential for optimal protoplast yield. The protocol represents a significant step forward for studies on Sphacelaria by efficiently generating protoplasts suitable for cellular studies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and expression profiling.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 2016

Bioethanol was produced from Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed biomass using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Pretreatment was evaluated for 60 min at 121℃ using 12% (w/v) biomass slurry with 364 mM H₂SO₄. Enzymatic saccharification was then carried out at 45℃ for 48 h using Celluclast 1.5 L. Ethanol fermentation with 12% (w/v) K. alvarezii hydrolyzate was performed using the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC1126, Kluyveromyces marxianus KCTC7150, and Candida lusitaniae ATCC42720 with or without prior adaptation to high concentrations of galactose. When non-adapted S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus, and C. lusitaniae were used, 11.5 g/l, 6.7 g/l, and 6.0 g/l of ethanol were produced, respectively. When adapted S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus, and C. lusitaniae were used, 15.8 g/l, 11.6 g/l, and 13.4 g/l of ethanol were obtained, respectively. The highest ethanol concentration was 15.8 g/l, with Y_EtOH = 0.43 and Y_T% = 84.3%, which was obtained using adapted S. cerevisiae.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.758-763
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• 2009

This study presents the optimal conditions of zero-valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment for color removal from real dye wastewater. Removal of color by ZVI was strongly subject to the acidity of the wastewater buffering the pH increased after ZVI reduction. The real dye wastewater did not contain a sufficient amount of acidity and thus it was necessary to supplement acid to the dye wastewater before treatment. In continuous operation of iron column, the empty bed contact time (EBCT) and initial pH were varied to find the optimal conditions. A non-linear regression model fitted well the experimental result predicting that the optimal EBCT and pH for 80% removal efficiency was present in the range of 57~90 and 5~5.9, respectively. Color of column effluents could be further removed in the following biological oxidation step and the biodegradability of wastewater was also enhanced after iron pretreatment.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2003

From this research, the performances of a sludge reduction in the sewage sludge aerobic digestion was experimented by using a sludge pretreatment and membrane bioreactor. The submerged plate membrane was used as the solid-liquid separation membrane. After drawing small amounts of sludge in a bioreactor and then doing the alkaline treatment and ozone treatment, the sludge was sent to back to the reactor. The HRT in the reactor was set as 5 days and the operation in the reactor was carried out at the DO of 1mg/L on average. After 100 days of operation in the reactor, it was shown that the reduction efficiency of total solids was more than 83%. Most of volatile solids were removed through mineralization, and the considerable portion of the non-volatile solids was dissolved and then flowed out with the effluent. Only about 16.3% of total solids in the sludge was accmulated in the reactor even without the loss of volatile fraction. Also, by deriving nitrification and denitrification in one reactor simultaneously, more than 90% of nitrogen removal effect was realized and the experiment was run smoothly without fouling of membrane, even in the high concentration of MLSS. Based on this experiment, sludge can be reduced considerably at a low HRT by these two newly suggested approach.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

In the present study, to determine whether the antioxidative components of Korean red ginseng protect against radiation damage and the possible relationship among the radioprotective effects and antioxidant actions, the effects of total saponin (200 mg/kg, ip) and lipophilic fraction (200 mg/kg, oral) preferment of mice on the survival ratio, major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities, glutathione levels and lipid peroxidation in the liver were exiled for 2 weeks after whole ${\gamma}$-body ${\gamma}$-irradiation (6.5 Gy). The 30-day survival ratio increased from 10% to 57% and 40% for mice treated with total saponin and lipophilic fraction, respectively. On day 14 after ${\gamma}$-irradiation, the ginseng total saponin pretreatment produced a slight increase of antioxidant enzymes activities and significantly Increased reduced glutathione (GSH) contents (p<0.05) in the liver compared with non-treated group. Pretreatment with ginseng total saponin significantly deceased GSSG/total GSH ratio (p<0.05) without change of GSSG in the liver and inhibited the radiation-induced incense in the hepatic malondialdehyde levels. (p<0.05) In these results, GSH plays an important role in the liver in several detoxifications and the reduction of lipid peroxides. Thus, it appears that total saponin of red ginseng exerts its radioprotective effect by accelerating the production of endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione from radiation induced damages and thereby oxygen free radicals.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2023

Salicornia herbacea, a noted halophyte, has been widely researched for its diverse physiological activities. The continuous exploration of its compounds is essential. This study employed gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for qualitative analysis. This involved pretreatment including trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization of the S. herbacea extract, facilitating its GC analysis. Five compounds, including various fatty acids and β-sitosterol, were identified by direct analysis of the methanol extract of S. herbacea without pretreatment by GC-MS. Conversely, the analysis of the TMS-derivatized extract revealed 28 distinct peaks. Quantitative analysis further indicated that the predominant compounds in the S. herbacea extract were sugars and sugar derivatives, notably glucose, fructose, and glucitol. The collective concentration of these sugars and its derivatives amounted to 116.45 mg/g, representing 11.6% of the dry weight of the raw S. herbacea. Following sugars and their derivatives, fatty acids constituted the next most abundant group of compounds. However, the presence of amino acids and organic acids was relatively low.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.276-287
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• 2013

Domestic sewage contains increasingly more pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to rising use of medicines, health supplement food and daily necessities. And various types of industrial wastewater from pollution sources in treatment areas could flow into the public sewerage treatment plants (PSTPs) in metropolitan areas. The conventional PSTPs are designed to treat suspended solids, biodegradable organics, nitrogen and phosphorous from residential and industrial areas and public facilities. However, toxic, conventional, and non-coventional pollutants from non-domestic sources that discharge into sewer system as well as domestic source with various chemicals could not be treated in the conventional PSTPs and discharged untreated to public basin. In this paper we aim to consider the establishment system of effluent standard of PSTPs in comparison with water quality standard of water environment and wastewater discharge regulation. And also we suggest the necessity of regulations on the pretreatment of industrial wastewater as part of efforts to improve water quality in sewerage systems and to protect public basin.