• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2016

This study identified necessary navigational support services to prevent accidents through an examination and a survey on the navigation and communication systems of non-SOLAS ships. The functional and operational requirements for the identified navigational support services were discussed accordingly. Among the navigational support services proposed are an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) service, a route planning service, an operation monitoring service, and collision prevention support services for ships in coastal areas. To facilitate the identified navigational support services, ship navigation system, shore supporting centre and maritime communication network were discussed as a digital infrastructure. The operational methode for the digital infrastructure were discussed in the service scenarios for ships carrying dangerous cargo, large ships over 200 meters in length and high speed passenger ships over 15 knots in speed. This study will facilitate the development of policies for the improvement of ship operation management in Korean coastal waters and will contribute to improving the navigational safety of non-SOLAS ships.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2010

Approximately 80% of water used in urban areas reappears as municipal wastewater (MWW). Reclamation of MWW is an attractive proposition under the present scenario of water stressed cities in India. In this paper, we attempted to reclaim MWW using lab-scale hollow- fiber (HF) membrane modules for possible reuse in non-potable applications. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of virgin HF ($M_1$) and modified HF ($M_2$) modules. The $M_2$ module consists of HF modified with a skin layer formed through interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine with trimesoyl chloride (MPD-TMC). The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of $M_1$ was 44000 g/mol and that of $M_2$ 10000 -14000 g/mol on the basis of rejection of polyethylene glycol. The combination of $M_1$ and $M_2$ modules was able to reduce concentrations of most of the pollutants in sewage and improved the treated water quality to the acceptable limits for non potable reuse applications. It is found that about 98-99% of the initial flux is recovered by the backwashing process, which was approximately two times in a month when operated continuously.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to determine amino acid and protein contents of brown and milled non-glutinous rice of 13 cultivars in Korea. Protein contents of MRs (milled rices) were in order of Haepum (7.27%) > Hanareum No. 4 (7.14%) > Odae (6.84%). Protein contents of BRs (brown rices) were in order of Haepum (7.68%) > Odae (7.63%) > Hanareum No. 4 (7.60%). The amino acid content was the highest in Haepum (MR 5.76%, BR 6.49%), followed by Haedeul (MR 5.71%, BR 6.30%), and Odae (MR 5.63%, BR 6.29%). The essential amino acid contents of non-glutinous rices were in order of Haepum (MR 2.34%, BR 2.57%) > Haedeul (MR 2.31%, BR 2.48%) > Odae (MR 2.20%, BR 2.56%). The contents of amino acid and protein in BRs were considerably higher than those in MRs. Protein and most of amino acid contents were higher in Haepum than the other cultivars. The certificated reference material (CRM) 1849a (infant/adults nutritional formular) from National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) was used as the test sample to determine the precision and accuracy of the analytical method. The regression analyses revealed good correlations (correlation coefficient), greater than 0.99. The recovery values of the amino acids ranged from 93.17 to 99.59%. The limit of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.01 - 0.07 mg·100 g^-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.03 - 0.21 mg·100 g^-1 for all analytes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2016

This study performed the physical and mechanical experiment on the samples of costal marine clays individually collected in western and southern regions to identify the characteristics of western and southern costal marine clay. Based on the experiment result, the characteristics of costal marine clay is identified undrained shear strength. Based on the experiment result on the physical and mechanical characteristics of costal marine clays, the regression is presented that can analyze the mechanical characteristics of undrained shear strength in costal marine clay of Korea, region of Korea and western-southern region. The correlation of uniaxial compressive strength and undrained shear strength was suitable for use of western-southern region correlation equation. The test result of Jeonnam Yeosu area compares with prediction results of previous researchers formula and western-southern region formula. Prediction results appear highest reliability on the 0.827 of coefficient of determination in the prediction results of the western-southern region formula.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.230-242
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose, firstly, the definition of marine health tourism and empirically to analyse the effect of benefit sought and brand equity on visit intention of destination as marine health tourism. This study utilizes the PLS-SEM method in order to measure the overall model fitness level and statistical significance of all paths in proposed research model. As a result of the analysis, benefit sought factor like nature has a highest positive effect on brand equity(image and perceived quality) and also, on visit intention via brand equity. Specially, this study measures the non-linear of all the paths and shows the statistical significance that the more high health factor as benefit sought is, the preference for quality brands is more steeply. In addition, the measurement of the moderating effect of gender variables shows that female is the most sensitive than male on the path from health benefit sought to brand quality among all the paths. However, the definition of marine health tourism in this study is proposed according to the characteristics of a particular area. In this vein, the definition is needed to generalize more through follow-up study.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.475-482
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• 2019

The increase in human use and activity in the oceans is leading to marine pollution and habitat destruction. As a result, in particular, marine animals with a long life cycle and small population are threatened with extinction. Thus, the Korean government designated 11 artificial habitats, such as aquariums and marine museums, as Ex-situ conservation institutions to preserve endangered marine life in 2010. However, studies on the significance and economic value of Ex-situ conservation institutions providing marine life conservation services have not been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the public's quantitative support for the operation policy of Ex-situ conservation institutions, which is a management method for the protection and propagation of marine animals in Korea. To achieve this, the economic value of the marine animal conservation role of the National Maritime Museum was estimated, operated as an Ex-situ conservation institution for the preservation of green turtles in Korea. By using the representative non-market valuation method for public goods known as the contingent valuation method (CVM), the economic value of the Ex-situ conservation institution (National Maritime Museum) was estimated at approximately 41.8 billion won to a maximum of 78.1 billion won. The results of this study can be applied as basic data for marine animal management policymakers in establishing efficient management plans for endangered marine animals in Korea's coastal waters.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2018

This study is to evaluate economic value of the ecosystem service benefits of the marine forests provided to our society on the basis of the global standard valuation manual. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the ecosystem service benefits of marine forests are worth 771,121,551 won per hectare for a year in Korea. Second, when evaluating value based on the services benefits of the marine forests, as resource provisioning service, the annual value of the fishery potential production amounts to 58,512,271 won per hectare. The annual value of the environmental and regulatory services is estimated to total 29,574,000 won per hectare including 546,488 won per hectare for climate regulation, 85,342 won per hectare for pollution purification, and 28,942,170 won per hectare for erosion protection. The annual value of the culture and tourinsm services is estimated to total 15,317,647 won per hectare including 5,011,765 won per hectare for skin scuba service and 10,305,882 won per hectare for sea fishing. Also, the aunnual non-use value is estimate to 637,800,000 won per hectare. Third, assuming that the value of the sea forests increases proportionally to the unit area, the marine forests can be valued at 12.7 trillion won per year based on 12,208.2 hectares of marine forests creation area and 4,272.6 hectares of natural seaweed beds. Fourth, the total economic value of the marine forests can be estimated at 244 trillion won in 2016, if the value of the marine forests permanently continues in the future by applying 5.5% of the social discount rate. The results of this study are expected to serve as a valuable information for improving awareness of the value of marine forests ecosystem and ensuring the validity of the marine forests creation policy by converting the value of the marine forests's ecosystem service into monetary units.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2013

Adjuvants are immune enhancers that are often used in vaccination to augment the immune response of a vaccine, thereby enhancing the protective immunity against the targeted disease. In the present study, we used the recombinant protein, such as rRbCC1, this protein was produced from rock bream CC chemokine 1. To verify the adjuvant effects of this recombinant protein, the immune responses of rock bream to Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) FKC vaccination, which alone or in combination with recombinant protein was analyzed and then also performed experimental challenge with live S. iniae. The result of serum agglutination titres was showed relatively low levels however, the efficacy of FKC vaccine still conferred protection against S. iniae. Moreover, the adverse effects result showed that no statistically significant difference was revealed between high concentration injected and non-injected fish groups, generally. The relative percent survival (RPS) of FKC + recombinant vaccination group was significantly higher than that of vaccinated group with FKC alone. After experimental challenge to the rock bream by injection with live bacteria (S. iniae), the FKC + rRbCC1 vaccination group was showed 87.0% RPS, however, the RPS of FKC alone vaccination was 68.2%. The results indicated that the recombinant protein as an adjuvant had a clear synergism to injection vaccine of rock bream.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2018

There are many eutrophic lakes by point and non-point pollution sources such as in dustrial waste water, domestic raw sewage, and mucks. The eutrophic lakes not only cause algal blooms but also destroy the ecosystem in the lakes due to high nutrient concentrations. The purpose of this study was to improve water quality in eutrophic lakes by cultivating microalgae using photobioreactors (PBRs) with selectively permeable mesh (SPM), supplying nutrients in the lake and inhibiting cell leakage by diffusion and water permeability. Chlorella vulgaris, was cultivated using PBRs with SPM installed in Inkyung Lake located in Inha university, Incheon, Korea. When cultivating C. vulgaris, $8.3g/m^2/day$ of average biomass productivity was obtained at 3 days. Furthermore, concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus were reduced by 35.7% and 84.2%, respectively, compared to initial condition and water quality in eutrophic lake was improved to oligotrophic environment. These results suggest that microalgal cultivation using PBRs with SPM in the lake could produce microalgal biomass as well as improve water quality by decreasing nutrient concentrations.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1050-1060
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• 2012

As an approach to high-efficiency of SOFC system, SOFC/GT Hybrid system is effective. However, if the output size of the system belongs to the marine class of dozens MWs, the introduction of the cooling system of GT system, which is used as sub-system, makes its related devices complicated and also makes its control difficult. Accordingly, for the marine use, SOFC/GT (non-cooling)Hybrid system looks more suitable than SOFC/GT(cooling)Hybrid system. This study established the SOFC/GT (non-cooling)Hybrid system, and examined the operating temperature & current density of the stack for the system, pressure ratio of the gas turbine, the influence of TIT(Turbine Inlet Temperature) on system performance, etc. through the simulation process. Through this research process, this study was able to confirm that electrical efficiency rises in spite of the increase in the required power for the air compressor, and there exists a limited range of temperatures for operation in TIT.