• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.566-570
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• 2006

Pronuclear microinjection (PMI) is a primary method for producing transgenic mice and offers a powerful tool for investigating gene function in vivo. The method has several reported advantages and disadvantages. Here, we report another potential shortcoming. The survival rate of fertilized one cell-stage embryos was significantly reduced after PMI procedure (65.4% (1202/1838)). In addition, the proportion of embryos developing to full-term was also significantly lower than that of embryos not undergoing PMI (26.5% (319/1202) vs 41.9% (57/136)). Moreover, 3 out of 21 (14.3%) founder control mice which were non-transgene-carrying littermates of transgenic founders showed histopathological changes in their liver, which was comparable to that in of transgenic lineages (4 out of 27 (14.8%)). In conclusion, the mechanical damages in chromosomes occurring during PMI procedure may be a potential factor influencing phenotypes of transgenic mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-221
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• 2022

This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human cancer cells in combination with either N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), a γ-secretase inhibitor, or MHY2245, a new synthetic sirtuin 1 inhibitor. The results showed both DAPT and MHY2245 as novel chemosensitizers of human colon cancer KM12 and human hepatocellular carcinoma SNU475 cells to NSAIDs involving celecoxib and 2, 5-dimethyl celecoxib. The NSAID-induced cytotoxicity of these cells was significantly increased by DAPT and MHY2245 in a cyclooxygenase-2 independent manner. In addition, DAPT and MHY2245 reduced levels of p62, Notch1 intracellular domain, and multiple cancer stemness (CS)-related markers including Notch1, CD44, CD133, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, mutated p53 and c-Myc. However, the level of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was enhanced, probably indicating the down-regulation of multiple CS-related markers by DAPT or MHY2245-mediated autophagy induction. Moreover, the NSAID-mediated reduction of p62/nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 and CS-related marker proteins and the up-regulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)/ATF4 were accelerated by DAPT and MHY2245. As such, the combination of NSAID and either DAPT or MHY2245 resulted in higher cytotoxicity than NSAID alone by accelerating the down-regulation of multiple CS-related markers and PARP activation, indicating that both inhibitors promote NSAID-mediated autophagic cell death, possibly through the CHOP/ATF4 pathway. In conclusion, either combination strategy may be useful for the effective treatment of human cancer cells expressing CS-related markers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.248-252
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• 1999

The PI-oduction of virulence factors such as cholera toxin, heinolysin and hemagglutinin in V cliolerae non-01 and non-0139 were examined. Among 65 strains isolated from environmental and clinical blood sources, 29 (14.6%) strains produced hemolysin only, 35(53.9%) sh.ains produced both hemolysin and hemagglutinin. From one 037 slrain isolated from environmenl, cholera toxin, ctx gene, hemolysin, and hemagglutinin were detected. All of the strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources showed hemolytic activity against human 0 group e~ythrocytes. In inhibition patterns of heinagglotination, 5 of 18 clinical strains (27.8%) were inhibited by less than 1% mannose and galactose, while, among the 47 environmental isolates. hose paltems by less than 1% mannose and galactose 55.4% wel-e inhibited. Thel-ehre, exohamagglutinin positive rate was high in clinical blood isolates but in environnlental sources, the rate was almost similar lo ihe rate or endohemagglutinin positive. These results indicaled that V cholerae non-01 and non-0139 produced various virnlence factors such as cholera toxin, hemolysin, and hemagglutinin but not a single factor. Further studies are need for epidemiological or bacteriological shtdies of V cholerae 037 isolated from environment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

This study was practiced to provide basic data which is necessary for ethical education of dental hygiene students by comparing the bioethical perception between dental hygiene students and non-health students. Questionnaire surveys were conducted for 778 students in two universities in Gyeonggi-Do province and analyzed the collected data with SAS 9.2. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. there was no stastistical difference in the degree of bioethical perception between dental hygiene students and non-health students. 2. Students who have family member in medical field were more conscious of bioethics than students who doesn't. According to religion, the protestants were most conscious and no-religions scored the lowest. 3. In case of dental hygiene students, female was more conscious. According to religion, there were statistical differences between the Catholic and Buddhism, the Catholic and No-religion. 4. Dental hygiene students were more strongly opposed to let infant with fatal congenital disease die than non-health students. 5. Dental hygiene students were more strongly opposed to rejecting organ transplant, trade in human organs and using alternative organ of animal. Also, they estimated higher the possibility of medical irrationalities due to trade in human organs. From these results, a curriculum for bioethical education in department of dental hygiene should be developed to form and improve the more desirable bioethical perception of dental hygiene students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.523-529
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• 2017

This study analyzed the financial information between 2011 and 2014 comparing management performance and utilization of capital and human resources between private non-profit general hospitals and regional public hospitals operated as general hospitals. The purpose of this study was to enhance the productivity for financial independence of regional public hospitals. Comparison analysis variables were value added to the total assets, value added to the productive activity tangible fixed assets, value added to personnel expenses, ratio of value added, and operating margin to revenues. According to the analysis results, regional public hospitals showed lower investment efficiency indicator and higher ratio of value added, as well as significantly lower operating margin-to-revenues compared with private non-profit general hospitals. Moreover, the effect of investment efficiency indicators on operating margin-to-revenues was value added to the productive activity of tangible fixed assets and value added to personnel expenses in regional public hospitals; the value added to personnel expenses in private non-profit general hospitals had a significant effect on the operating margin-to-revenues, the effect of value added to personnel expenses was the greatest. Therefore, it is necessary to asset utilization to the revenue and propriety of human resources to personnel expenses in regional public hospitals.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2006

Among poly aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin and PCBs are the most controversial environmental pollutants in our modern life. These pollutants are known as human carcinogens, and liver is the most sensitive target in animal cancer models. Specific aims of the study were focused on the mechanism of carcinogenesis in hepatocytes and the structure-activity relation among these diverse environmental chemicals. Because key mechanisms of dioxin-induced carcinogenesis in human epithelial cell model are the alteration of signal transduction pathway and PKC isoforms, the alteration of the signal transduction pathways and other factors associated with carcinogenesis were studied. Rat hepatocytes cultured under the sandwich protocols were exposed with the various concentration of dioxins and PCBs, and signal transduction pathway, protein kinase C isoforms, oxidant stress, and apoptotic nuclei were evaluated. Since it is important to understand the structure-activity relation among these chemicals to properly assess the carcinogenic potentials, the study analyzed the parameters associated with carcinogenic processes, based on their structural characteristics. In addition, signal transduction pathways and PKC isoforms involved in inhibition of UV-induced apoptosis were also analyzed to elaborate the tumor promotion mechanism of these chemicals. Induction of apoptosis by UV irradiation was optimal at $60\;J/m^2$ in primary hepatocyte in culture. Compared to non coplanar PCBs such as PCB 114 and PCB 153, coplanar PCBs such as PCB 77 and PCB126 showed a stronger inhibition of apoptosis induced by UV irradiation. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was more stimulated by non-coplanar PCBs than coplanar PCBs with the most potent induction of ROS by chlorinated non-coplanar PCB. As compared to the level of induction by PCB126, non-coplanar PCB153 showed a higher increase of intracellular concentrations. Besides the alteration of intracellular calcium concentration, translocation of PKC from cytosolic fraction to membrane fraction was clearly observed upon the exposure of non-coplanar PCB. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that there is a potent structure-activity relationship among PCB congeners and the mechanism of PAH-induced carcinogenesis is structure-specific. The study suggested that more diverse pathways of PAH-induced carcinogenesis should be taken into account beyond the boundary of Ah receptor dogma to assess the health impact of PAH with more accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1349-1361
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• 2009

The present study was designed to analyze the relationship of dietary behavior change and nutrient intake status owing to a depression degree for 143 people over 65 years old living in Echeong and Hansan islands area, South Korea. The depression degree was classified into non depression, minor depression and depressive disorder groups using. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale for 143 subjects. The results are as follows; the depression degree significantly made differences according to sex (p<.001), marital status (p<.05), self-related economic status (p<.001) and living expenses (p<.05). The stage of dietary behavior according to the depression degree was as follows; the non depression group was 57.6%, the minor group was 46.8% and the depressive disorder group was 27.1% of the subjects. The intake frequency of the cereal group (p<.05) and fruit group (p<.01) was significantly different among food group intake status owing to the depression degree. Mean adequacy ratio(MAR)[13], MAR[10], and MAR[4] of the depressive disorder group were significantly lower than that of the non depression and minor depression groups. Each average of MAR[13], MAR[10], and MAR[4] for the subjects were $0.68{\pm}0.2$, $0.67{\pm}0.2$, and $0.55{\pm}0.2$. Concerned about the nutrients over 1.0 index of nutritional quality(INQ) 8 nutrients of protein, Phosphorous, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$, niacin and vitamin C belonged to the non depression group. Additionally, 6 nutrients of protein, Phosphorous, iron, zinc, vitamin $B_6$ and niacin were included for minor depression and depressive disorder groups.

• Clean Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.250-258
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• 2006

CFC compounds such as CFC-113 and 1,1,1-TCE, etc. have been used in various industries due to their excellent chemical stability, thermodynamic characteristics, non-inflammability and anti-corrosiveness. However, in oder to protect the earth environment, "the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer" was adopted in 1989 for prevention of production and utilization of these CFC compounds and alternative cleaning agent have been required in the industry. The objective of this study is to develop non-aqueous cleaning agents that do not require major change of cleaning system, have excellent cleaning efficiency, are favorable to the environment, are harmless to the human body, and are not generated corrosive materials. In this work, non-aqueous cleaning agents have been formulated with glycol ether series and paraffinic hydrocarbon series with siloxane, and their physical properties and cleaning efficiencies were analyzed and compared with those of regulated materials. As a result of physical properties measurement of the formulated cleaning agents, it is expected that they may have good penetration ability into contaminated materials due to their properties with low density and low surface tension. Measurement of flash point and vapor pressure of the cleaning agents will be helpful for evaluation of their safety and working environment. The experimental results of cleaning flux, solder and grease by the formulated cleaning agents show that their cleaning abilities of soils were good and that there were no residues on the substance after cleaning. Therefore, alternative cleaning agents which have equivalent cleaning ability to regulating materials, good penetration ability and low hazard to human body, have been developed in this work.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

Interior space of modern society has a request for non-functional considerations as well as a need for function. French sociologist Jean Baudrillard defined this phenomenon as a dialectical relationship between the functional system and the non-functional system in his book "The System of Objects". The main goal of interior design is the pursuit of non-functional aspects which can satisfy emotional needs of human being without ignoring functional side. This means that designer should exceed the limitation of the functional system and overcome it by his own idea and method. Under this recognition, this paper tried to understand how Shiro Kuramata and Takashi Sugimoto accomplished the overcoming successfully. Sugimoto breaks through mechanical monotony introducing the non-functional objects into the functional system. His objects have power and form of the nature. They also shows traces of manufacture and labor. They works as media transferring old life and values. Sugimoto sometimes adopts the non-functional system such as collection, so it reveals time of collecting and arrangement of various objects. In contrast to Sugimoto, Kuramata erased the form of functional object and turned over the everydayness of the functional system. Instead, aesthetical phenomena substitutes form. Having doubts about the geometrical order of functional system, he opened a discourse for its meaning and limitation. However they have something in common which works as a blueprint for establishing subject's discourse. This discourse is comprised of their own memories of scenes. These subjects' discourse institute worlds through their design works based on each methodology. From the Heideggerian point of view, the worlds offer a foundation which allows the establishment of art in interior design.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.145-153
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• 2007

Objective : Although chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is a common disease, it is very difficult to treat effectively. Toosendan fructus(TOF) has been traditionally used in treatment of abdominal pain and parasite. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and action mechanism of Toosendan fructus (TOF) in the rat model of non-bacterial prostatitis induced by castration and testosterone treatment. Method : Eight-month-old rats were treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol after castration for induction of experimental non-bacterial prostatitis, which is similar to human chronic prostatitis in histophatological profiles. Toosendan fructus(TOF) and testosterone were administered as an experimental specimen and a positive control, respectively. The prostates were evaluated by histopahological parameters including the epithelial score and epithelio-stromal ratio for glandular damage. Also, the prostates were observed by hematological alterations of WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet. Results : While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation, the rats treated with Toosendan fructus(TOF) showed a diminished range of the tissue damage. Epithelial score was improved in Toosendan fructus(TOF) than that of the control. The epithelio-stromal ratio was lower in Toosendan fructus(TOF) when compared to that of the control. Also, the examination of bloods were not observed hematological change. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Toosendan fructus(TOF) may protect the glandular epithelial cells and may take hematological safety. We concluded that Toosendan fructus(TOF) may could be a useful remedy agents for treating the chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.