• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.246-255
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• 2010

Purpose: This study is based on an experimental research program designed to evaluate the before and after states of a control group that undertook a series of smoking prevention education sessions. Methods: The research was undertaken between June 2 and July 22, 2008. Students from two public elementary schools in Uiwang City took part in the study. 76 students from one of the schools (School 'W') were designated as the experimental group and 89 students from the other school (School 'O') were allotted to the control group. During the research period, the experimental group held 10, 40 minute discussions on the subject of smoking prevention. The control group had no such sessions and no information was given. The data was collected in 3 stages, firstly after initial study preparation, secondly after five sessions and thirdly after ten sessions. The data was analysed using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: First, there was a presumption that the experiment group would have a greater knowledge about the effects of smoking than the control group. This was supported by the data analysis results (F=41.79, p =.000). Second it was presumed that the experiment group would have a more informed attitude to smoking than the control group. This was supported by the data analysis results (F=6.917, p =.009). Third, there was the presumption that the experiment group would have a greater knowledge of the effects of smoking after ten sessions than they would five sessions. This was supported by the data analysis results (F=56.911, p =.000, Scheffe=3rd> 2nd>1st). Fourth, the presumption held that the experimental group would have a more informed attitude to the effects of smoking after ten sessions than they did five. This was supported by the data analysis results (F=14.607, p =000, Scheffe=3rd>2nd>1st). Conclusion: The results appear to show that the elementary school students who participated in the smoking prevention sessions had an increased knowledge of the risks and had also formed a more negative attitude towards smoking. On the basis of the findings of this study, I would suggest that there are benefits in developing learner-centered smoking prevention programs and other related media. Also, smoking prevention discussions should be included in the regular curricula relating to health education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stresses to female university students and their habits of dealing with stresses through drinking alcohol and smoking. Methods : Subjects, 313 students, were selected through convenience sampling method from the 2 four-year universities in Chonbuk and Chonnam province from May to June, 2005. Data were collected through the structured questionnaires that include general characteristics, Quantity Frequency methods, the number of cigarette per day, campus stress scale, and stress coping style scale, and they were analyzed by Cronbach' alpha, descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test by using SPSS/PC⁺ program. Results: In this study, 80% of subjects have drunk alcohol. The mean frequency of drinking alcohol per month was 4.68 times and the mean number of alcohol consumption amount per drinking 6.16 glasses. The rate of smoking was 13.7%, and the mean number smoking cigarette per day in the previous month was 12.4. The mean score of stress was 2.20. Among 8 sub-factors of stress, study related stress scored highest among the sub-factors. The mean score of coping styles was 2.50. Among 4 coping styles, hopeful thought was mostly used. Among stresses, the concern of one's future affected her drinking habits. Faculty relationship, academic problem, and value affected smoking habits. Hopeful thought comes out to affect smoking, while drinking, perceived health status, and practice time showed no relationship with coping style. Conclusion: Based on the results, developing a life stress counseling program and effective coping program for women's university students is imperative, especially for those of who show passive attitude toward stress and solve it emotionally instead of using problem-oriented methods. Also, it will be necessary to study further nursing intervention to curb university females' drinking alcohol and smoking.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking status, stress, self-efficacy for smoking cessation and the health promoting behaviors of students who want to quit smoking. Methods : Data was collected in 2018 from 143 college students (101 males and 42 females) who were enrolled in the health clinic of N university. The average age was 21.95 years. Multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyzed the factors affecting health promoting behavior and the correlations between variables. Results : There were statistically significant correlations between stress and the following factors: smoking motivation (r=.323, p<.001), smoking behavior (r=.329, p<.001), and health promoting behaviors (r=-.312, p=.006). There were statistically significant correlations between Self-efficacy for smoking cessation and following factors: smoking motivation (r=-.278, p<.01), smoking behaviors (r=-.313, p<.001), and stress (r=-.324, p<.001). Health promoting behaviors were negatively correlated with smoking motivation (r=-.345, p<.05), smoking behaviors (r=-.312, p<.01), and stress (r=-.265, p<.001). Self-efficacy for smoking cessation was positively correlated with health-promoting behaviors (r=.421, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors exert a significant influence on health promoting behaviors: smoking motivation (${\beta}=-.376$, p=.001), smoking behaviors (${\beta}=-.233$, p=.008), stress (${\beta}=-.278$, p=.006), and self-efficacy for smoking cessation (${\beta}=.403$, p=.000). Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that it is important to provide basic data for the development of a program for the health-promoting behaviors of university students who want to quit smoking a smoking cessation clinic at the university health clinic. However, since only some college students were included in the study, there are limitations in generalizing the results.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of psycho-social factors on smoking especially the impact of a social support and stress on smoking among boy's high school students. Methods: This study was conducted by administering a questionnaire to 442 boys' high school students living in Deajeon, Korea. This data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package using t-test and logistic regression. Major findings of this study are as follows: Results: 1. Analysis of the relationship of smoking, stress and social support: The relationship between stress and smoking and between friend's support and smoking had a positive correlation. But the relationship between parents' support and smoking and between teacher's support and smoking had a negative correlation. 2. Multiple logistic analysis of the impact of stress, social support and general characteristics on smoking: The relationship between stress and smoking had a positive correlation as social support and general characteristics were controlled. In contrast, the relationship between social support -parents', friend's, teacher's support- and smoking had no significant correlations as stress and general characteristics were controlled. The risk factors of smoking of boy's high school students were smoking friends, drinking, a type of school, pocket money per month, and stress. And the most powerful predictor of smoking was smoking friends(OR=12.35). Conclusions: The results showed that the variables affecting mainly on smoking were the personal background -smoking friends, drinking, a type of school, pocket money per month- and stress. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing a program against smoking or educating about smoking.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2005

This research was performed to be used as basic data for educational program development related to smoking prohibition guidance by fording out the relevance among variables of dental hygienists' knowledge, attitude and practice on the smoking prohibition guidance. The formalized research paper which had been used to nurses was revised with a few complements and accomplished through a visit. Both-test and dispersion analyses were performed and a post test was followed. Relevance analysis was fulfilled for the relevance among the variables and the research results are as followed. 1. Likert 3 and grade 2.14 in the knowledge on smoking prohibition guidance of dental hygienists; These results are statistically similar since the higher academic careers are based, the higher grades are obtained. 2. Likert 5 and grade 3.14 in the attitude on hygienists' smoking prohibition guidance activities. 3. High awareness on the importance of non-smoking in case there is no smoker among family. 4. Likert 5 and grade 3.16 in the practice of smoking prohibition guidance activities. 5. Similar relevance among the knowledge, attitude and practice; the higher knowledge, the more positive attitude and the more positive attitude, the more practice.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2000

The National Health Promotion Law passed in 1995 was a milestone for initiating a national health promotion program in Korea, and local governments and health related organizations are developing and providing health promotion programs for the public. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a smoking prevention video for adolescents. There was no educational video on smoking prevention for school students in Korea. Based on funding from the National Health Promotion Fund, an educational video on smoking prevention has been developed and tested for the effectiveness. The primary subject of the video was middle school students. The result of the study has shown that there was a statistically significant difference between pre-and post test among middle school students and elementary school students. Students' knowledge on the harm of smoking has been increased after the video education. In addition, more than half of the students responded that the educational video was interesting and helpful. To reduce initiation of smoking among adolescents, both policies and school health education programs should be reinforced. Policies on tobacco should focus on demand of smokers and potential smokers. So government officials should keep monitor obedience of the law on prohibition of smoking for those under age 19. School teachers should focus on social influence of smoking for adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.67-78
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• 2003

This investigation was performed to summarize a few prominent features of smoking prevention program studies and to evaluate the quality of smoking prevention program studies using the Quality of Study Rating Form (QSRF). 24 school-based smoking prevention programs were subjected to an evaluation of study quality using QSRF. Study quality was 57.29 points out of 100 points on average, so it cannot be said that study quality was good. Most of the studies described the subjects and the intervention contents and intervention time. 50% stated where the intervention occurred specifically, 50% of the studies either discussed a specific theory that justified the use of one or more intervention methods, or they cited literature said to support the chosen intervention method. Only one study assigned subjects randomly to experimental groups or control groups and 50.0% of the studies showed baseline equality. There was no study where subjects were blind to being in the treatment or control group or where subjects were selected randomly by random sampling procedure. 79.2% of the studies had non-treated control groups and 20.8% of the studies had comparison groups with other treatments in the form of either other delivery methods or other contents. Sample sizes were larger than 21 in the experimental group for all studies. 75% of the studies stated face validity of outcome measure or cited from previous literature. 58.3% of the studies tested reliability and 45.8% reported the reliability measure was a figure of .70 or greater. There was no study where those rating outcomes were rated blind, because researchers generally collected data by themselves. Outcome measures were taken only after the intervention was completed and tests of statistical significance were generally referred to statistical method and p value in all studies. All studies met the criteria that follow-up was greater than 75%. The implications for the future studies were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Purpose: Dyslipidemia is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare serum lipid levels in college students and pre-graduates. Methods: Data were obtained from student health examination in one university located in Kyunggi-province. Participants were 440 college students and 1973 pre-graduates. The data were collected in May of 2010. T-test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple regression with dummy variables using SAS version 9.1 were performed. Results: Pre-graduates showed significantly higher level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL than college students. There was no significant difference in alcohol drinking between college students and pre-graduates. However, smoking and diet behavior were significantly different; pre-graduates were more likely being current smoker and recommended to change diet behavior. When adjusting covariates including general and behavioral characteristic, pre-graduates had significantly higher total cholesterol (p<.001), triglyceride (p=.003), and LDL (p=.003). Among covariates, smoking was significantly related to triglyceride, particularly past smokers. Conclusion: There is a need to develop a lipid-reducing program targeting pre-graduates. This program should be considered behavioral factors, particularly smoking. In addition, given the fact that pre-graduates had unhealthy habits compared with college students, interventions for correcting health behaviors in this population are required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a community-based health promotion program for elders. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group experimental design. The participants were 415 elders who were above 65 years of age (mean age: 80.7, experimental group: 126, control group: 289). For 4 months, the health promotion project which consisted of health education and activity related to smoking, drinking, nutrition and exercise was given to the experimental group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test with the SAS V8e program. Result: After the intervention, the experimental group showed a higher level of health promotion behavior compared to the control group in health education experience, exercise, smoking, and drinking. There were no differences between the experimental and control groups for nutrition, or high risk drinking and smoking. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the health promoting program for elders provides useful information in developing effective community-based programs and can be recommended as effective interventions to improve the health promoting behavior of elders.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

Objectives : We intended to know the association between Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI) and health behaviors and also know the useful health guide according to Sasang Constitution Methods : We recruited the 137 subjects from oriental medical clinics around the country and the expert diagnosed Sasang constitution with drug response guide. We used the PWI-SF paper to estimate psychosocial well-being. We used excel program and analyzed with SPSS 14.0K Results : 1. PWI were associated with no passive smoking, everyday regular exercise, eating anything, much eating vegetable and sea-food, no eating snacks. 2. PWI were associated with no passive smoking, 4-5 times regular exercise a week, unconcern in sanitary thought, less or normal amount of meals in Soeumin, no smoking in Taeeumin, and there were not particularly associated ones in Soyangin Conclusions : Health behaviors for PWI are a little different according to Sasang Constitution.