• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2005

Both nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease as it does in other inflammatory diseases, and the inhibitors of NO and IL-6 production have been considered as potential anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we evaluated methanol extract of Sophorae Flos for inhibition of NO and IL-6 production in Prevotella intermedia LPS-induced mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Dried Sopharae Flos was sliced, and extracted with 100% methanol. LPS from p. intermedia ATCC 25611 was prepared by the standard hot phenol-water method. NO production was assayed by measuring the accumulation of nitrite in culture supematants and IL-6 was measured using mouse IL-6 ELISA kit. Western blot analysis of iNOS and analysis of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR products were carried out. The methanol extract of Sophorae Flos concentration-dependently reduced the production of NO and the expression of iNOS protein and mRNA in RAw264.7 cells treated with P. intermedia LPS. Sophorae Flos also suppressed IL-6 production and the expression of IL-6 mRNA in RAw264.7 cells stimulated by P. intermedia LPS. The inhibition of NO and IL-6 production by Sophorae Flos may be useful in the therapy of inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. This hypothesis, however, remains to be tested.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the effects of linoleic acid (LA) treatment on Brucella abortus infection in professional phagocyte RAW264.7 cells, particularly during the pathogen's invasion and intracellular growth in these cells, as well as in murine model BALB/c mice focusing on bacterial splenic proliferation and immunoregulatory activities. LA inhibited the growth of Brucella in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The ability of the pathogen to enter the phagocytes was inhibited as was its survival within these cells. This was accompanied by increased nitrite accumulation in these cells at 24 h post-infection. The concentration of LA used in the present study did not affect the total body weight or liver function of the mice. During Brucella infection, the total splenic weight of these animals was not changed; rather, resistance to bacterial proliferation was enhanced in the spleen. Furthermore, mice treated with LA displayed elevated levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ but reduced levels of IL-10 during infection. The findings in this study showed the regulatory role of LA against B. abortus infection suggesting its potential use in designing intervention strategy for brucellosis.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2000

본 연구는 1998년 5월부터 11월까지 대청호의 2개 정점 표ㆍ중ㆍ저층에서 수질과 일차생산을 나타내는 식물플랑크톤 현존량과의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 물리ㆍ화학적 환경요인(수온, 용존산소량, pH, 투명도, 총질소, 질산염, 아질산염, 암모니아, 총인, 인산염, 용존총인, 총유기탄소, 부유물질), 식물플랑크톤 현존량, chlorophyll-a의 농도를 조사하였다. 영양염류(아질산염, 질산염, 암모니아 및 인산염)가 과거에 비하여 증가되었으며, 총질소, 총인,chlorophyll-a 및 투명도는 부영양화의 기준치를 초과하여 대청호의 수질은 심한 부영양화 수역으로 판명되었다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 7월과 8월의 정점 1을 제외하고 년중 대발생을 유지하고 있었으며, 봄철 대발생은 아질산염, 질산염 및 인산염의 영향이 큰 것으로 판명되었다. Chlorophyll-a의 농도는 식물플랑크톤 현존량의 월별 변동과 대부분 같은 경향으로 변화하였다. 여름철에 높은 부유물질은 장마기의 강우에 따른 것으로 판단되며, 특히 8월의 많은 종속영양 세균수는 높은 수온과 장마시 주변 수역으로부터 유입된 각종 유기영양염류의 유입에 따른 대량증식으로 추정된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.743-748
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• 2005

This study was performed for the investigation of vasodilatory efficacy and its underlying mechanisms of Jagumhuan(JGH), a herbal remedy. JGH produced completely endothelium-dependent relaxation and relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-precontracted aorta in a concentration dependent manner. The magnitude of relaxation was greater in PE induced contraction than that of KCl, suggesting involvement of $K^+$ channel in the relaxant effect. Both glibenclamide$(10^{-5}M)$, a $K_{ATP}$ channel inhibitor and indometacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, completely prevented this relaxation. The relaxation effects of JGH, involve in part the release of nitric oxide from the endothelium as pretreatment with L-NAME, an NOS inhibitor, and methylene blue, a cGMP inhibitor, attenuated the responses by 62% and 58%, respectively. In addition, nitrite was produced by JGH in human aortic smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The relaxant effect of JGH was also inhibited by 55.41% by tetraethylammonium(TEA; 5mM), a $K_{Ca}$ channel inhibitor. In the absence of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$, pre-incubation of the aortic rings with JGH significantly reduced the contraction by PE, suggesting that the relaxant action of the JGH includes inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ release from intracellular stores. These results indicate that in rat thoracic aorta, JGH may induce vasodilation through ATP sensitive $K^+$ channel activation by prostacyclin production. However, the relaxant effect of JGH may also mediated in part by NO pathways and $Ca^{2+}$ activated $K^+$ channel.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.191-206
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• 1987

금강을 통하여 연간 평균 64억톤의 담수가 유입되는 금강 하구(Keum River Estuary)는 총 유출량의 60%이상이 여름에 집중되어, 건기(low-descharge period) 및 우기(high-discharge period)가 뚜렷이 구별되는 강하구 환경(estuarine environment)을 이루고 있다. 금강 하구는 우기중 일부를 제외한 전 기간에서 높은 SPM(Suspended Particulate Matter)이 형성되기도 한다(Lee and Kim, 1987). Photosynthesis는, 금강하구가 금강, 생활 하수등을 통한 공급으로 영양염들이 항상 충분히 존재하는 환경임에도 불구하고, SPM의 농도가 매우 낮았던 우기중에만 활 발히 진행되었다. 이는 금강하구에 있어서, SPM의 농도가 빛에너지 차단 등을 통하 여 일차 생산 활동의 진행 여부를 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. Nitrification은 건기중 무기질 화합물들과 관련되어 진행되 는 가장 중요한 respiration 작용으로서, SPM이 높은 지역에서 활발히 진행되고 있 었으며, turbidity maximum형태에 따라 크게 두가지 형(ammonia-nitrite산화과정 및 ammonia-nitrate 산화 과정)이 관측되었다.Nitrate생성은 turbidity maximum이 매우 좁은 지역안에 형성되었던 시기에 이 구간내에서 관측되었고, Nitrate 생성은 turbidity maximum 이 강하구 전역에 걸쳐 넓게 형성되었던 시기에 강 하구 전역 에서 진행되고 있었다. 이것은 수괴가 높은 SPM지역에 머무를 수 있는 시간에 따 라 반응 형태가 좌우되어, 이 시간이 짧은 경우에 nitrete까지, 충분히 긴 경우에는 nitrate까지 ammonia가 산화되기 때문에 나타난 결과로 생각된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1100-1108
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• 2009

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from various fruits and vegetables were screened in order to determine appropriate fermentation starters for manufacturing functional fermented onion juice. From the initial screening test comprising more than 700 isolated LAB, 16 isolates were selected based on their acid production rate. Among the selected isolates, the fermentation broth of KC-007 exhibited the highest electron donating and nitrite scavenging activities, with values at pH 1.2 of 95.6 and 68.7%, respectively. From the overall results obtained in this study, we finally selected the bacterium KC-007 as a fermentation starter. This bacterium was identified and named as Pediococcus pentosaceus based on its morphological and physiological characteristics, carbon-utilization pattern (as assessed using an API 50CHL kit), and molecular genetic characteristics (as assessed using the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene). The optimal temperature, pH, and starter inoculation concentration (v/v) required for growth of the isolated strain were $40^{\circ}C$, pH 4.0-6.0, and 2%(v/v), respectively.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2008

The antioxidant properties of red ginseng extracts prepared under different extraction conditions were evaluated by a variety of antioxidant assays, including $DPPH^{\cdot}$ radical scavenging, $ABTS^{+\cdot}$ radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, nitrite scavenging and reducing power activities. The contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were also determined. The various antioxidant activities were compared to positive controls such as Trolox, tannic acid and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activities of all of the extracts were shown to be the highest in the ethanol extract. The antioxidant activities of the red ginseng powder were the lowest among the samples. The amounts of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were at a maximum in the ethanol extract. Correlation analysis demonstrated the existence of a linear relationship between free radical scavenging activities and the phenolic compounds contents of extracts. The antioxidant activity of yogurt was increased as the result of the addition of red ginseng extract. The quality characteristics of the yogurt to which red ginseng extract was added were similar to those of yogurt without red ginseng extract. The overall sensory score and color of yogurt made from 0.5% red ginseng was the best of the tested yogurts. In accordance with the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics, the optimal concentration of red ginseng extract was approximately 0.5%.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2005

탈질화 균주인 Paracoccus denitrificans를 이용한 탈질화 공정에 있어서 탈질 효율의 증대를 위해 선행 연구를 바탕으로 화학적 permeabilization 처리 후 균주를 고정화시키는 방법을 이용하였다. 반응기는 이상적인 CSTR을 도입하여 free cell reactor와 immobilized cell reactor 그리고 permeabilized and immobilized cell reactor의 세 가지 형태의 실험을 실시하였으며, 탈질효율의 비교를 위해 M-M 식을 적용시켰다. 각 반응기의 체류시간에 따른 탈질 효과는 permeabilized and immobilized cell reactor가 가장 우수하였으며 또한 반응 평형에도 다른 두 반응기에 비해 빨리 도달하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activities and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity according to parts of the Acer mono and A. okamotoanum. Most extracts showed high scavenging activities on DPPH. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed higher activity as 98.4% than the control, BHA as 96.5%. A. mono and A. okamotoanum showed high ability on nitrite scavenging, but decreasing tendency according to decreasing of pH. On SOD-like test, the wood of A. okamotoanum showed highest activity as 35.4% at 1.0mg/ml concentration. Also, the extracts obtained high activity on GST test. Therefore, the water extracts from the bark of A. mono and A. okamotoanum have relatively good antioxidant activity and GST activity. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed the highest activity on all of extracts, could be the use of functional foods and biomaterials.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2015

Objective : This research has been conducted to comparative analysis of anti-inflammatory effects to suggest a usefulness of ethanol extracts fromGentianae sino-ornata(GSO) as a functional material for inflammatory activities.Methods : Cell viability was measured by neutral red (NR) assay, and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. The expressions of cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by western blot analysis, and Inducible nitric oxide syntase (iNOS) and cytokine were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results : When the GSO extract was added the concentration of 5-20 ㎍/㎕, the viability of cells was maintained 90% or more at all levels. NO production was suppressed by the treatment of GSO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. GSO inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1βand IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Conclusions: From this results, we consider that GSO can be a useful therapeutic and preventive approach to various inflammatory diseases as a functional material for inflammatory activities.