• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.631-641
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• 2021

Background: Main bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions of ripened red ginseng berry (Panax ginseng Meyer) have been frequently reported. Yet, the research gap targeting the beneficial activities of transformed green ginseng berries has not reported elsewhere. Methods: Ginsenosides of new green berry cultivar K-1 (GK-1) were identified by HPLC-QTOF/MS. Ginsenosides bioconversion in GK-1 by bgp1 enzyme was confirmed with HPLC and TLC. Then, mechanisms of GK-1 and β-glucosidase (bgp1) biotransformed GK-1 (BGK-1) were determined by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot. Results: GK-1 possesses highest ginsenosides especially ginsenoside-Re amongst seven ginseng cultivars including (Chunpoong, Huangsuk, Kumpoong, K-1, Honkaejong, Gopoong, and Yunpoong). Ginseng root's biomass is not affected with the harvest of GK-1 at 3 weeks after flowering period. Then, Re is bioconverted into a promising pharmaceutical effect of Rg2 via bgp1. According to the results of cell assays, BGK-1 shows decrease of tyrosinase and melanin content in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone challenged-murine melanoma B16 cells. BGK-1 which is comparatively more effective than GK-1 extract shows significant suppression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and inflammatory target genes, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: These results reported effective whitening and anti-inflammatory of BGK-1 as compared to GK-1.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.484-489
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• 2016

Living organisms can maintain or extend their territories by producing allelochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. To identify natural biostimulants of positive allelochemicals, we screened 18 common seaweed extracts for enhancement of rhizoid and blade production in a convenient Porphyra suborbiculata monospore assay. By addition of methanolic extract from the most potent green seaweed, Codium fragile, 100% and 50% enhancement doses reflecting the amount of C. fragile extract required to enhance rhizoid formation (in terms of number of spores with rhizoids per total spores tested) were approximately 100 and 50 μg/ml, respectively, in the P. suborbiculata monospore culture. The C. fragile extract quickly enhanced rhizoid formation, rhizoid numbers per rhizoid-holding spore, rhizoid length, blade formation (in number of spores with blade per total spores tested), and blade length from most monospores at early culture days. The extract enhanced rhizoid formation after 2 days of culture significantly, rhizoid numbers per rhizoid-holding spore after 3 days, rhizoid length after 3 days, blade formation after 2 days, and blade length after 1 day, respectively, from most monospores. The allelochemicals that enhanced favorite seaweed species may be efficacious for new seaweed management technologies, including the development of biostimulant agents based on natural products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity and the skin moisturizing effect of cream contaning Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts on P. acnes and S. aureus were 0.13 %, 0.03% respectively and P. ovale and E. coli were 0.25 % equally. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction on P. acnes and S. aureus were higher than the methyl paraben. The cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts was formulated and its skin moisturizing effect was evaluated in a clinical trial. The skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were investigated after topical application of the cream. The skin hydrating effect of the cream containing Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extract was 10 ~ 15 % higher than the placebo cream, and transepidermal water loss was decreased to 6.7 g/$m^2h$ in the subjects applied with cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts. These results indicate that ethyl acetate fraction from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss shoots extracts could be applicable to new functional antibacterial cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6345-6359
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• 2015

This study aims to clarify the concept of 'Low-carbon urban regeneration', to extract planning elements according to it, and to establish the planning system. In order to extract the elements, matrix analysis was conducted between planning elements of urban regeneration and Low-carbon cities, and the focus group interview(FGI) was used. Derived elements from this process were restructured for the new planning system. In addition, in-depth case analysis was performed to verify the suitability and effects of planning elements and system. The result showed that planning element of Low-carbon urban regeneration can be sorted in 37 elements in 5 categories. In-depth analysis indicated that established planning elements were importantly dealt in cases and played a significant role in urban regeneration and carbon reduction. Also, it showed that those elements had a significant relationship with adaptation and mitigation, the two responding strategies to the climate change. Elements highly contributing to urban regeneration were Urban Structure, Transportation, Policy while elements affecting carbon reduction were Transportation, Green & Blue space, Energy & Material field.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.567-573
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• 2020

The persimmon is commonly cultivated in temperate regions of the world, including China, Korea, Japan, Brazil, Turkey, and Italy. In some Asian cultures, consumers are aware of the health claims related to the persimmon and its functional ingredients. The rich phytochemistry of the persimmon has opened new avenues of research on diet-based regimens designed to cure various ailments. This study was conducted to identify the genotoxicity of immature green persimmon (Diospyros kaki THUNB.) extract (DKA). The bacterial reverse mutation assay, the chromosomal aberration assay, and the mammalian micronucleus test were performed to determine the DKA genotoxicity. The result of the bacterial reverse mutation assay revealed that the DKA did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA with or without metabolic activation of S9 mixture. The oral administration of DKA also caused no significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or in the mean ratio of polychromatic to total erythrocytes. In addition, DKA did not cause a significant chromosome aberration on CHL cells in the presence or absence of S9 activation. In conclusion, DKA could be considered as a reliable and safe functional food since no toxicity was found under the condition of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2277-2282
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a new recognition method can be used in application systems using morphological features, difference operators and ART2 algorithm. At first, edges are extracted from an acquired car image by a camera using difference operators and the image of extracted edges is binarized by a block binarization method. In order to extract license plate area, noise areas are eliminated by applying morphological features of new and existing types of license plate to the 8-directional edge tracking algorithm in the binarized image. After the extraction of license plate area, mean binarization and mini-max binarization methods are applied to the extracted license plate area in order to eliminated noises by morphological features of individual elements in the license plate area, and then each character is extracted and combined by Labeling algorithm. The extracted and combined characters(letter and number symbols) are recognized after the learning by ART2 algorithm. In order to evaluate the extraction and recognition performances of the proposed method, 200 vehicle license plate images (100 for green type and 100 for white type) are used for experiment, and the experimental results show the proposed method is effective.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.304-308
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new method of recognizing the vehicle license plate using color space, morphological characteristics and ART2 algorithm. Morphological characteristics of old and/or new style vehicle license plate among the candidate regions are applied to remove noise areas using 8-directional contour tracking algorithm, then follow by the extraction of vehicle plate. From the extracted license plate area, plate morphological characteristics of each region are removed. After that, labeling algorithm to extract the individual characters are then combined. The classified individual character and numeric codes are applied to the ART2 algorithm for the learning and recognition. In order to evaluate the performance of our proposed extraction and recognition of vehicle license method, we have run experiments on 100 green plates and white plates. Experimental results shown that the proposed license plate extraction and recognition method was effective.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.278-282
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• 2010

In this study, the antibacterial activity and component analysis of Persicaria perfoliata extracts were investigated. MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) values of ethyl acetate fraction from P. perfoliata on Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus aureus were 0.25%, equally. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest in the S. aureus and P. acnes. Ethyl acetate fraction from P. perfoliata extracts showed 5 bands in TLC and 8 peaks in HPLC (320nm). In HPLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction, first main peak 2 (24.99%) and peak 3 (22.65%) were identified as quercetin-3-o-glucuronide and isoquercitrin in the order of elution time. Also, in HPLC chromatogram of deglycosylated fraction, main peak 2 (76.93%) was identified as quercetin in the order of elution time. And these components are very effective as antioxidants. Thus, these results indicate that extract/fractions of P. perfoliata can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antibacterial activity.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

Micro hydropower is a readily available renewable energy source that can be harvested utilizing hydrokinetic turbines from shallow water canals, irrigation and industrial channel flows, and run-off river stream flows. These sources generally have low head (<1 m) and low velocity which makes it difficult to harvest energy using conventional turbines. A horizontal-axis screw turbine was designed and numerically tested to extract power from such low-head water sources. The 3-bladed screw-type turbine is placed horizontally perpendicular to the incoming flow, partially submerged in a narrow water channel at no-head condition. The turbine hydraulic performances were studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics models. Turbine design parameters such as the shroud diameter, the hub-to-shroud ratios, and the submerged depths were obtained through a steady-state parametric study. The resulting turbine configuration was then tested by solving the unsteady multiphase free-surface equations mimicking an actual open channel flow scenario. The turbine performance in the shallow channel were studied for various Tip Speed Ratios (TSR). The highest power coefficient was obtained at a TSR of 0.3. The turbine was then scaled-up to test its performance on a real site condition at a head of 0.3 m. The highest power coefficient obtained was 0.18. Several losses were observed in the 3-bladed turbine design and to minimize losses, the number of blades were increased to five. The power coefficient improved by 236% for a 5-bladed screw turbine. The fluid losses were minimized by increasing the blade surface area submerged in water. The turbine performance was increased by 74.4% after dipping the turbine to a bottom wall clearance of 30 cm from 60 cm. The final output of the novel horizontal-axis screw turbine showed a 2.83 kW power output at a power coefficient of 0.63. The turbine is expected to produce 18,744 kWh/year of electricity. The design feasibility test of the turbine showed promising results to harvest energy from small hydropower sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.26-38
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• 2006

For both a healthy environment and sustainable development, we frame a habitat assessment method, concerning biodiversity and physical characteristics. With the method, we set up and extract conservation areas from Peace Valley Resort Development Areas which can function as habitats. Absolute and relative assessment items which are the size of area, habitation of species with conservation value, distribution of communities, functions of habitats, ratio of non-native plants, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests and age of forests, and water systems are considered on newly extracted conservation areas, and the habitat value assessment was calculated on the items in a 3-point scale. By comparing and examining 3 existing proposals for extracted conservation areas, we assess existing proposals, make an alternative proposal, and try to verify the possibility of applicability to extracted conservation areas. Proposal A and C must not be adopted since almost all conservation areas would be developed in the proposals. Proposal B, consisting of 53% development areas and 47% non-development areas, does not have enough development areas, so high density building arrangements should be encouraged in order to preserve conservation areas. Therefore, proposal B would be the best in ecological terms among the 3 proposals, if 3 conditions are considered : 1) new extracted conservation areas should be conserved; 2) 10~15m wide green-zones on both sides of the water system, which can play a role as ecological corridors, should be considered in development areas; 3) building arrangement should not interrupt the ecological corridors.