• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the histological changes of sperm cells in testis, obtained from 100 of 3-year-old male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected and analysed from March in 1992 to February in 1993. Especially, the ultrastructural changes of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa were examined to describe the reproductive cycles of this species. The results obtained in this study were as follows: The ultrastructures of the gonadotrophs largely parallel the cyclical changes in the testes. Each nest of cells belongs to one spermatogenetic stage, although nests at different stages can be found within the one lobule. At first keterochromatin is dispersed and then is condensed. In mature gamete, the nucleus is dense and homogeneous. The nuclear membrane appeared at the beginning of differentiation. In spermatogonia, Sertoli cells are located at the periphery of their cytoplasm. In the primary spermatocytes, the small mitochondria are abundant over the outer cytoplasm. During cell differentiation, the cytoplasm decreases and the nucleus increases. In spermatids, the protein masses moved towards the posterior part of the nucleus. In late spermatids, the two large mitochondria are located over the cytoplasm. In spermatozoa, two spheroidal mitochondria (about 145nm long) are situated in parallel between the nucleus and the axoneme. Spermatozoa mitochondria are assembled into an organized sheath surrounding the outer dense fibres and axoneme of the flagellar midpiece. The two centrioles are quite separate and the central pair and sheath complex of the flagellum is inserted into the base of the distal centriole.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 1973

In order to use the red wood ants (Formica sp.) as a resources of natural enemy of pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler), the distribution of red wood ants in Gyeongnam Province, general ecology, and the limit of transplantation was investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Red wood ants preyed upon 1st to 3rd instar of pine caterpillar. 2. Red wood ants were distributed to 474 locations of 18 county, covering 7,702, $559m^2$ in Gyeongnam Province. 3. The distribution of red wood ants was $60\%$ in lower part, $39.5\%$ in middle part and $0.5\%$ in upper part of the mountain. 4. It seems that the height of building nest was directly proportional to the total number of each colony, showing the regression equation of Y=6,200 X-27,813, and the building nest was concerned with soil moisture. 5. It was possible to transplant the red wood ants from May to September, md 5 nests were built by the transplanted ants within one year.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2012

Background: Periostin is preferentially expressed in periosteum, indicating a potential role in bone formation. Recently, there have been emerging controversies about its role in invasion and metastasis of human malignancies. We attempted to determine the clinicopathological significance of periostin expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of periostin protein from 91 cases of NSCLCs was performed using tissue microarray blocks. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: Positive reaction to periostin was predominantly noted in the tumor stroma. The strongest reaction presented as a band-like pattern just around the tumor nests. Non-neoplastic lung tissue and most in-situ carcinomas did not show a positive reaction in their stroma. With respect to tumor differentiation, moderate to poor differentiated tumors (47/77) revealed even higher periostin expression than the well-differentiated ones (4/14) (p=0.024). High periostin expression was positively correlated with E-cadherin and p53 expression, but was not related with patient age, sex, tumor type, PCNA index, b-catenin, cyclin D1, pTNM-T, pTNM-N, stage, and patient survival (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that periostin might play a role during the biological progression of NSCLC, but may not be related to the clinical prognostic parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

The macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MVPC) is characterized by macrofollicles occupying more than half of the tumor and demonstrating nuclear features of classic papillary carcinoma. It is difficult to recognize on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology due to the paucity of aspirated neoplastic cell clusters, especially when the tumor is associated with extensive areas of hemorrhage. Case: A 34-year-old female presented with a well-demarcated nodule in the thyroid gland, diagnosed as a benign nodule on ultrasonography and computed tomography. FNA cytology smear revealed a few small aggregates of follicular cells with morphological features suspicious for papillary carcinoma, set in a background of hemorrhage, inflammatory cells, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Intraoperative frozen section revealed macrofollicular nests filled with hemorrhage and composed of follicular cells demonstrating nuclear clearing and grooves. Conclusion: MVPC is a rare but distinctive variant of papillary carcinoma, which is easily mistaken for adenomatous goiter or benign macrofollicular neoplasm on radiologic findings. The cytopathologist should alert oneself on encountering benign radiologic findings and any smear composed of scant numbers of follicular cells with nuclear features suspicious for papillary carcinoma despite the bland-looking background of hemorrhage and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and recommend intraoperative frozen sections for a definite diagnosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.329-332
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• 2008

Purpose: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare malignant appendage tumor, first described by Goldstein et al in 1982. Here, we present our experience in treatment of a case on the lower lip. Methods: A 52-year-old female with an asymptomatic nodule on the chin, previously misdiagnosed as trichoadenoma by needle aspiration biopsy, was treated by wide excision combined with multiple circumferential frozen biopsies. Results: Pathological examination revealed typical features of microcystic adnexal carcinoma, such as basaloid and squamous cells forming nests and cord-like patterns, horn cysts, and minimal cytologic atypia. The patient has been followed up for 6 months. No sign of recurrence is noted to date. Conclusion: Differentiation from other benign adnexal neoplasms is important for its appropriate treatment. Differentiation can be difficult histologically because it is difficult to acquire an adequate biopsy due to its invasiveness, and clinically due to its asymptomatic and slow growing features. Complete excision is the key treatment, but it may not always be the best solution considering the huge defect that may result and the low incidence of metastasis & deaths owing to the tumor. We add this case to the approximately 300 cases reported worldwide with a review of literature.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.176-179
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• 2011

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumors represent 3 to 7 percent of all odontogenic tumors. These tumors are more common in the maxilla than the mandible and usually include the anterior region. Clinically, the most common symptom is painless swelling and the tumor is associated with an unerupted tooth, typically a maxillary or mandibular cuspid. The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor appears radiographically as a unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an impacted tooth, resembling a dentigerous cyst. More often, it contains fine calcifications. Histopathologically, there is a thick wall cystic structure with a prominent intraluminal proliferation of the odontogenic epithelium. The most striking pattern is varying-sized solid nodules of spindle-shaped or cuboidal epithelial cells forming nests or rosette-like structures with minimal stromal connective tissues. Conspicuous within the cellular areas are structures of tubular or duct-like appearance. The duct-like spaces are lined with a single row of cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells, of which the ovoid nuclei are polarized away from the luminal surface. Small foci of calcification may also be scattered throughout the tumor. These have been interpreted as abortive enamel formations. In some adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, the material has been interpreted as dentoid or cementum.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.6 s.119
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• pp.39-53
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• 2007

Unlike conventional roof landscaping, where various kinds of plants and structures are employed, a grass roof is a roof on which herbaceous plants are grown in planting medium and which is not accessed or maintained, mainly because it doesn't have sufficient load capacity to support a regular roof garden. They are mostly built on existing roofs, whether flat slab or gabled. Planting on roofs has numerous advantages, such as creating a biotope, purifying urban air, adding moisture to the atmosphere, storing rain water, preventing flash floods, reducing energy use for heating and air conditioning, enhancing the urban landscape and providing relaxation to the city dwellers, not to mention the alleviation of global warming by absorbing $CO_2$. In addition to the general merits of roof planting, the grass roof has its own unique qualities. Only herbaceous species are planted on the roof, resulting in light weight which allows roofs of existing buildings to be planted without structural reinforcement. The species chosen are mostly short, tough perennials that don't need to be maintained. These conditions provide an ideal situation where massive planting can be done in urban areas where roofs are often the only and definitely the largest space available to be planted. If roofs are planted on a massive scale they can play a significant role in alleviating global warming, heat island effects and energy shortages. Despite the advantages of grass roofs, there are some problems. The most significant problem is the invasion of neighboring plants. They may be brought in with the planting medium, by birds or by wind. These plants have little aesthetic value comparing to the chosen species and are usually taller. Eventually they dominate and prevail over the original species. The intended planting design disappears and the roof comes to look wild. Since the primary value of a grass roof is ecological, a change in attitude towards what constitutes beauty on the roofscape is necessary. Instead of keeping the roof neat through constant maintenance, people must learn that the wild grass with bird's nests on their roof is more beautiful as it is.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2004

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological examination is an appropriate method for the evaluation of pulmonary nodules. In major types of lung cancer, Its diagnostic accuracy is quite high. However, it is sometimes difficult, using this technique, to differentiate between some unusual phenotypes including adenosquamous carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), neuroendocrine tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and sclerosing hemangioma. Here, we present a case involving extremely well differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma, mimicking benign lesions, such as pulmonary scar and adenomatoid malformation with squamous metaplasia. The patient was a 68-year-old man presenting with a solitary pulmonary nodule$(1.6\times1.6cm)$, which was incidentally found at the periphery of the right lower lobe. FNA revealed some clusters of glandular cells with minimal atypia, in addition to squamous cells at a nearly full maturational state. Histological examination verified the cytological diagnosis on a lobectomy specimen. The tumor exhibited a well differentiated adenocarcinoma component, mimicking the bronchioles in scarred lung tissue. and a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma component, mimucking the squamous cell nests of adenoacanthoma, in the other organs. In the present case, the possibility of adenosquamous carcinoma should have been considered if squamous cells were seen in the FNA from the peripheral pulmonary nodule, even though they appeared to be benign.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2020

Background: Determining patterns of habitat use is key to understanding of animal ecology. Approximately 1% of bird species use brood parasitism for their breeding strategy, in which they exploit other species' (hosts) parental care by laying eggs in their nests. Brood parasitism may complicate the habitat requirement of brood parasites because they need habitats that support both their host and their own conditions for breeding. Brood parasitism, through changes in reproductive roles of sex or individual, may further diversify habitat use patterns among individuals. However, patterns of habitat use in avian brood parasites have rarely been characterized. In this study, we categorized the habitat preference of a population of brood parasitic lesser cuckoos (Cuculus poliocephalus) breeding on Jeju Island, Korea. By using compositional analyses together with radio-tracking and land cover data, we determined patterns of habitat use and their sexual and diurnal differences. Results: We found that the lesser cuckoo had a relatively large home range and its overall habitat composition (the second-order selection) was similar to those of the study area; open areas such as the field and grassland habitats accounted for 80% of the home range. Nonetheless, their habitat, comprised of 2.54 different habitats per hectare, could be characterized as a mosaic. We also found sexual differences in habitat composition and selection in the core-use area of home ranges (third-order selection). In particular, the forest habitat was preferentially utilized by females, while underutilized by males. However, there was no diurnal change in the pattern of habitat use. Both sexes preferred field habitats at the second-order selection. At the third-order selection, males preferred field habitats followed by grasslands and females preferred grasslands followed by forest habitats. Conclusions: We suggest that the field and grassland habitats represent the two most important areas for the lesser cuckoo on Jeju Island. Nevertheless, this study shows that habitat preference may differ between sexes, likely due to differences in sex roles, sex-based energy demands, and potential sexual conflict.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2004

Basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) is an uncommon aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma with a predilection for hypopharynx, tongue base, and larynx. We present 5 cases of BSC of unusual sites, each from maxillary sinus, external auditory canal, submandibular gland, tonsil, and nasopharynx. Only a few cases arising in these sites have been reported to date. Patients included 3 men and 2 women with the age range of 45-69 years (mean, 56.4 years). Microscopically, the tumors were characterized by solid lobules and nests of ovoid basaloid cells with abundant desmoplastic stroma. Comedonecrosis, peripheral palisading of tumor cells, trabecular pattern, and rosette-like arrangement were commonly observed. Tumor cells had scanty cytoplasm and their nuclei were ovoid, relatively uniform, and hyperchromatic. In two cases, concomitant squamous cell carcinoma in situ was identified. Immunohistochemical stains revealed that tumor cells were strongly positive for pancytokeratin and negative or weakly positive for p63. Being aware of BSC that can arise from unusual sites would help diagnose correctly and treat properly this rare and distinct clinicopathologic entity.