• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.772-777
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• 1988

Because of increasing myocardial damage by normothermic arrest, most of cardiac surgeons now uses many kinds of method reducing myocardial injury, such as systemic hypothermia, topical cooling and cold cardioplegic solutions. And phrenic nerve paralysis has been reported with the use of iced slush for topical cooling. So we reviewed the preoperative and postoperative chest X-rays of 54 patients undergoing open heart surgery with the use of iced slush for topical cooling to find phrenic nerve paralysis. Four of 54 patients were known to have phrenic nerve paralysis. The first time known to develop phrenic nerve paralysis was from POD 4 1 day to POD 4 3 day and the phrenic nerve paralysis resolved within a month postoperatively except one. A patient have had phrenic nerve paralysis persistently over 7 months. And the effect of unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis was of no clinical significance.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2001

Facial nerve paralysis(or Bell's palsy) which commonly occurs unilaterally, gives rise to paralysis of facial expression muscle. This condition is classified into symptomatic facial nerve paralysis due to intracranial tumor, post operative trauma, etc. and idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. To explain the etiology of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis, many hypothesis including ischemic theory, viral infection, exposure to cold, immune theory etc. were suggested, but there is no agreement at this point. The method to evaluate the facial nerve paralysis, when it occurs, consists of three stage scale method, image thechnics like CT and MRI, laboratory test to examine the antibody titers of viral infection, neurophysiologic test to evaluate the degree and prognosis of paralysis. Treatment includes medication, stellate ganglion block(SGB), surgery, physical therapy and other home care therapy. In medication, systemic steroids, vitamins, vasodilating-drug and ATP drugs were used. SGB was also used repeatedly to attempt the improvement of circulation and to stimulate the recovery of nerve function. Physical therapy including electric acupuncture stimulation therapy(EAST) and hot pack was used to prevent the muscle atrophy. When No response was showed to this conservative therapies, surgery was considered. After treating two patients complaining of Bell's palsy with medication(systemic steroids) and EAST, favorable result was obtained. so author report the case of facial nerve paralysis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.189-211
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• 2003

The clinical data and thermographic imaging were analyzed on the 38 cases of Bell's palsy who were treated admission in the Oriental Medicine Hospital of Wonkwang University from January 2002 to May 2003. 38 patients with Bell's palsy were within one week after the onset of the paralysis, and thermal type in the DITI were hypo or hyper generally. Nerve conduction test(ENOG and EMG) examined in two weeks after onset. We studied interaction effect between thermal type and paralysis grade on admission day. We studied each main effect ; paralysis grade on admission day - nerve conduction test, nerve conduction test - thermal type, thermal type - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, paralysis grade on admission day - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, sasang constitution - nerve conduction test. The following results were obtained that interaction effect between thermal type and paralysis grade on admission day showed no significance, each main effect ; paralysis grade on admission day - nerve conduction test, paralysis grade on admission day - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, showed significance, each main effect ; nerve conduction test - thermal type, thermal type - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, sasang constitution - nerve conduction test, showed no significance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigate the characteristics of foot reflex zone acupoint of facial paralysis patients. Methods : In order to make a comparison between facial nerve paralysis patient group and non-facial paralysis group, we measured foot reflex zone acupoint detection in both group of 18 patients who were diagnosticated to facial nerve paralysis and 18 persons who were not. Results : 1. In comparing the means of the foot reflex zone, the measurements of facial nerve paralysis group is different significantly from non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). 2. The measurement of detection of foot reflex zone acupoints, such as hypophysis(垂體), nose(鼻), cerebrum(大腦), neck(頸項), Trapezius muscle(僧帽筋), eye(眼) and ear(耳) of the facial nerve paralysis group is different significantly in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). But the measurement of detection of foot reflex zone acupoints, such as trigeminal nerve(三叉神經), cerebellum (小腦), kidney(腎), ureter(輸尿管) and urinary bladder(膀胱) of the facial nerve paralysis group is not defferent significantly in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p>0.05). Conclusions : The results suggest that foot reflex zone can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of facial nerve paralysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2001

Objective : Several conservative treatments have been tried in peripheral facial nerve paralysis, because 80% of patients recover spontaneously. Surgical decompression may be helpful to the residual, medically intractable patients. We present here our experiences of facial nerve decompression via middle fossa approach, which seems to be one of good surgical therapeutic options for medically refractory peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Method : Three cases of medically intractable peripheral type facial paralysis were microscopically operated via middle cranial fossa approach to decompress the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion by searching landmarks of middle meningeal artery, greater superficial petrosal nerve and facial hiatus. Results : After operation, two cases of Bell's palsy improved substantially and one case of post-traumatic facial paralysis improved partially. Conclusion : This report is presented to describe the surgical facial nerve decompression via middle fossa for early control of peripheral type facial paralysis. Surgical decompression of edematous peripherally paralysed facial nerve could be preferred to conservative treatment in some patients although more surgical experience should be required.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.483-488
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• 1987

Phrenic nerve injury has been reported with the use of iced slush for topical cardiac hypothermia. A review of the preoperative and the postoperative chest roentgenograms was performed to detect phrenic nerve injury in patients undergoing cardiac operation with the use of iced slush for topical hypothermia from January, 1985 to June, 1987. The reviewed series included 45 patients who had undergone valve replacement. In this review, the injured site of phrenic nerve was left in 13 cases, right in 1 case and the overall incidence of phrenic nerve paralysis following open heart surgery was 31%. Compared to the incidence of phrenic nerve paralysis in the control group [without pericardial insulation] [406, 12 cases/30 cases], that in the group of patients receiving pericardial insulation [13.3%, 2 cases/15 cases] was lower, but there was no statistical significance. The initial time that diaphragmatic paralysis developed was mean 3.5 days [range 1-8 days] postoperatively and the recovery time of the paralysis was mean 4.7 months [range 0.5-10.5 months] postoperatively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2002

Objective : Oriental medical treatment may be possibility or effect in patients with facial nerve paralysis caused by traumatic temporal bone fracture. Methods : The authors compared objectively improvement state of patient that operated acupuncture, herbal medicine and herbal acupuncture. Results : 1. A Facial nerve travel long and pass by narrow bone canal in temporal bone. so slow progressive paralysis is caused by nerve swelling and impedimental blood circulation in bone canal, if bruise happens. 2. At patients with traumatic facial nerve paralysis, acupuncture(LI TE centered operation), herbal medicine(理氣祛風散, 加味補益湯加滅 etc..) and herbal acupucture(SY-消炎, Hominis Placenta-紫河車, JGH-中氣下陷) are effective to improving symptoms. 3. In general, everyone consider surgical operation first of all, in the case of having traumatic facial nerve paralysis. Through this case, the authors are thought that can attempt access of Oriental medical treatment without doing surgical operation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2005

Objectives : We investicated correlation between Yangdorak and Meridian at Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis patients. Methods : For Yangdorak examination, We made a comparison between 21 patients who were diagnosticated to Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis and 22 persons who were not. Results : 1. The stress showed the highest frequency in premonitory cause at onset. 2. In comparing results on the Yangdorak general mean, they were not statistically significant between two group(p<0.05). 3. In comparing results on the Stomach(ST)-meridian Yangdorak mean, Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis group is stastically significant in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). 4. In comparing results on the Small Intestine(SI)-meridian Yangdorak mean, Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis group is not stastically significant in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). Conclusion : Yangdorak may be used for a method to objective clinical examination. But further studies are required for a use of practical indicator.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2005

Facial nerve paralysis following delayed complication after trauma was rare and hard to find reason After symptom of facial nerve paralysis was found, careful clinical and neuropathic investigation needed through electromyography and nerve conduction velocity. It is necessery to Hewing that functional degenaration of nerve conduction was irresible or not. It is important to determine if palsy is already present alter trauma or some later time because origin of viral infection or temperature change may possible.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.243-258
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• 2000

From the reference research, the results obtained were as follows. 1. Until the "Song" dynasty, the predominant cause of facial nerve paralysis was the attack of Pathogenic Wind to "the Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming, (St.C.); and "the Small Intestine Channel of Hand Taiyang, (S.I.C.). They recognized the facial paralysis as an aspect of palsy. 2. In the period of Jin-Yuan(金元), the predominant cause was described as "Xuexu"(the deficiency of blood) and phlegm. They recognized that the facial palsy was a palsy. However, they also acceded to the possibility that there could be other explanations. 3. In the period of "Ming & Qing", there were numerous kinds of causes. For example, the following were identified as attacking the Meridian: the Pathogenic Cold; Pathogenic Heat; "Xinxu"(the deficiency in the heart); Fire and Heat combined as a pathogenic factor; "Pixu"(the deficiency in the spleen); and, "Xinxu"(the deficiency of blood). 4. In the past, Koreans have explained the facial paralysis according to the Chinese theories mentioned. However, recently there has been an emergence of another Chinese theory; whereby, facial paralysis is classified into causes and symptoms, and then medical treatment is applied accordingly. 5. From the occident medical perspective, the facial paralysis is categorized into two causes. The first is called central facial nerve paralysis and the second is called peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The latter is mainly caused by Bell's palsy, Herpez zoster oticus, and trauma.