• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.565-575
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• 2011

Recently, the use of antibiotics to improve animal productivity in livestock industry was strictly restricted. For these reason, probiotics have been regarded as one of promising materials for an antibiotic alternative. In this study, we investigated how the probiotics influences on the performance of broiler chicken via meta-analysis. Eighteen researches from 1997 to 2010 were used for meta-analysis. The standard summary effects were calculated via fixed effect model and random effect model (Borenstein et al., 2009). Heterogeneity was calculated by using the Cochran's Q statistics (Kook et al., 2009) and publication bias was calculated via Egger's regression (Lee et al., 2011). In fixed model average daily gain, body weight serum protein content and cecal LAB showed positive effect significantly. Feed intake, feed/gain and serum cholesterol showed significant negative effect. In serum triglyceride, negative effect was found but significance was not shown. In random model, average daily gain body weight and cecal LAB showed positive effects with significance and feed/gain and serum cholesterol represented significant negative effects. Publication bias was found only in feed/gain.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body compositions and bone mineral density in young women and postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Methods : Eleven young women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) and ten postmenopausal women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) with low bone density on femur neck were participated in this study. All subjects performed the measure of body composition and BMD on lumbar body and femur neck. Results : The results were as follows. Percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index(BMI) were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. BMD in lumbar body and femur neck were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age in young women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women. There were positive strong correlation between BMD of the femur and BMD of lumbar body. Conclusion : Percent body fat and BMI were more increased in young women than in postmenopausal women. And there were negative strong correlation between BMD and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare physical self-concept, academic self-concept and depression among obese and over-weight and normal weight children. Methods: The 6th grade children in two elementary schools (n=287) completed self-report questionnaires measuring self-concept and depression. Results: The mean score of depression and self-concept in normal weight children were 9.76 and 92.59. In obese and over-weight children, depression and self-concept were 12.31 and 86.69 respectively. Subjects who were obese and over-weight showed significantly lower scores of physical self-concept (t=-4.621, p<.001) but not significantly low in academic self-concept (t=-1.065, p=.288) than normal weight children. Meanwhile, this study shows that subjects who were obese and over-weight were significantly higher level of depression than subjects in normal weight (t=2.480, p=.014). Conclusion: In conclusion, obese and over-weight children showed negative aspects in the developmental course. This study demonstrates that obese and over-weight children should be treated as a risk group who needs any professional help such as a school mental health program for normal development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.441-444
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• 1998

The negative direct-maternal genetic correlation $(r_{dm})$ for weaning weight is inflated when data are analyzed with model ignoring sire-by-year interactions (SY). An analytical study investigating the consequences of ignoring SY was undertaken. The inflation of negative correlation could be due to a functional relationship of design matrices for additive direct and maternal genetic effects to that for sire effects within which SY effects were nested. It was proven that the maternal genetic variance was inflated by the amount of reduction for sire variance; the direct genetic variance was inflated by four times the change for maternal genetic variance; and the direct-maternal genetic covariance was deflated by twice the change for maternal genetic variance. The findings were agreed to the results in previous studies.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.203-210
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the weights of clothing that middle school girl students are wearing and ghow athe students evaluate their comfort sensations for the state-of-clothing and classroom conditions. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Average total weights of clothing of each month were 795.5g/m2 for May(23.4$^{\circ}C$), 539-590.6g/m2(26.0-31.2$^{\circ}C$) from June to August, 723.6g/m2 for September(25.6$^{\circ}C$) and 980.2g/m2 for October(24.$0^{\circ}C$). 2. Total weight was changed markedly from May to June and from september to October. The change was mainly by tops. Not much change was observed for the bottoms due to the fact that students were blue jeans irrespect of the environmental conditions. 3. Not significant relationship was observed between clothing weights adn comfort sensations. When the classroom temperature was 23.4$^{\circ}C$, more than 50% of the students answered comfortable. 4. Negative correlation was observed between amount of bottoms weight and Rohrer Index; in other words, fat students were less bottoms such as pants of skirts. 5. Negative correlation was observed between physical finess and amount of under shirts at the month of May, June and October; students with igher physical fitness scores wear less under wear when the environmental temperature changes.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2018

We develop a mathematical model for the obesity dynamics to investigate the long term obesity trend with the consideration of psychological and social factors due to the increasing prevalence of obesity around the world. Many mathematical models for obesity dynamics adopted the modeling idea of infectious disease and treated overweight and obese people infectious and spreading obesity to normal weight. However, this modeling idea is not proper in obesity modeling because obesity is not an infectious disease. In fact, weight gain and loss are related to social interactions among different weight groups not only in the direction from overweight/obese to normal weight but also the other way around. Thus, we consider these aspects in our model and implement personal weight gain feature, a psychological factor such as body image dissatisfaction, and social interactions such as positive support on weight loss and negative criticism on weight status from various weight groups. We show that the equilibrium point with no normal weight population will be unstable and that an equilibrium point with positive normal weight population should have all other components positive. We conduct computer simulations on Korean demography data with our model and demonstrate the long term obesity trend of Korean male as an example of the use of our model.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2007

This study investigated: 1) what weight-related behaviors college students practiced; 2) if the behaviors were performed for weight-related reasons; and 3) whether the behavioral practices differed by gender, race, and body weight status. This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to collect information from a non-probability sample of undergraduate students (n=379; 48% men) recruited from large introductory psychology classes. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine simple comparisons, and multiple logistic regression analyses assessed differences. Male students reported adopting significantly fewer weight-related behaviors than females. Most frequently males increased exercise (69.2%), increased fruit and vegetable consumption (50%), skipped meals (46%), cut out sweets and junk foods (40%), and cut out between-meal snacks (35%). Female students most frequently increased exercise (67.4%), skipped meals (63%), increased fruit and vegetable consumption (62%), reduced the amount of food eaten (60%), and cut out between-meal snacks (51%). Negative behaviors were engaged in by only a few participants. Weight-related reasons were a significant factor for weight-related behavior adoption. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that gender was consistently and significantly associated with the adoption of weight-related behaviors, while race and weight status were less consistently associated. Findings of this study will be helpful to dietitians who counsel college students. Results of this study may support effects to bring more comprehensive behaviorally-focused health md nutrition interventions to college campuses.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2017

Background: Rates of overweight and obese Australians are high and continue to rise, putting a large proportion of the population at risk of chronic illness. Examining characteristics associated with preference for a work-based weight-loss program will enable employers to better target programs to increase enrolment and benefit employees' health and fitness for work. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at two Australian mining sites. The survey collected information on employee demographics, health characteristics, work characteristics, stages of behavior change, and preference for workplace assistance with reaching a healthy weight. Results: A total of 897 employees participated; 73.7% were male, and 68% had a body mass index in the overweight or obese range. Employees at risk of developing obesity-related chronic illnesses (based on high body mass index) were more likely to report preference for weight management assistance than lower risk employees. This indicates that, even in the absence of workplace promotion for weight management, some at risk employees want workplace assistance. Employees who were not aware of a need to change their current nutrition or physical activity behaviors were less likely to seek assistance. This indicates that practitioners need to communicate the negative effects of excess weight and promote the benefits of a healthy lifestyle to increase the likelihood of weight management. Conclusion: Weight management programs should provide information, motivation. and trouble-shooting assistance to meet the needs of at-risk mining employees, including those who are attempting to change and maintain behaviors to achieve a healthy weight and be suitably fit for work.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.183-200
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• 2017

Zagier lift gives a relation between weakly holomorphic modular functions and weakly holomorphic modular forms of weight 3/2. Duke and Jenkins extended Zagier-lifts for weakly holomorphic modular forms of negative-integral weights and recently Bringmann, Guerzhoy and Kane extended them further to certain harmonic weak Maass forms of negative-integral weights. New Zagier-lifts for harmonic weak Maass forms and their relation with Bringmann-Guerzhoy-Kane's lifts were discussed earlier. In this paper, we give explicit relations between the two different lifts via direct computation.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제27권3_4호
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• pp.885-893
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• 2009

In this paper we study the strong law of large numbers for weighted average of pairwise negatively quadrant dependent random variables. This result extends that of Jamison et al.(Convergence of weight averages of independent random variables Z. Wahrsch. Verw Gebiete(1965) 4 40-44) to the negative quadrant dependence.