• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2018

Background: Family values of a married woman may be related to her own depressive mood. Since depressive mood of a married woman is likely to exert a negative influence, in terms of mental health, on her, her family members, and the whole society's, it may be very important to explore the relationship between family values in married women and their depressive mood. Methods: In this study, we analyzed nationally representative 5,818 married women aged 20 years or older from the 4th panel data of 2012 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. As for variables of interest, we constructed three family values variables: family-oriented view of marriage, individualistic view of marriage, and traditional view of marital roles. Then we employed multivariate logistic regression analyses to explore the relationship between family values and depressive mood, adjusting for family and socio-demographic factors. Results: In total, 804 married women (18.4%) had experienced depressive mood. All of the three family values variables were significant in their relationships with depressive mood. The women categorized as 'very weak' in family-oriented view of marriage were more likely to experience depressive mood than the women categorized as 'very strong' (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-2.55). By contrast, the women categorized as 'very weak' in individualistic view of marriage (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.33-0.55) and in traditional view of marital roles (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.92) were less likely to experience depressive mood than their respective counterpart women categorized as 'very strong.' Conclusion: In Korea, married women's values towards marriage itself and roles between wives and husbands had significant associations with their depressive mood. This suggests that in order to improve mental health in married women, we need to take social and cultural dimensions into consideration along with public health interventions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2018

치과위생사의 근골격계 질환을 조사하고, 통증 조절과 자기효능감이 근골격계 질환에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자, 광주지역 치과위생사 483명을 편의 추출하여 자기기입식 설문조사를 시행하고 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-검정, 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 연구 대상자의 지난 1년간 근골격계 통증 유병율은 83.9%이었으며, 이중 근골격계 질환이 있는 경우는 29.8%이었다. 근골격계 질환에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악한 결과, 근골격계 통증 해결 방법이었다. 통증 해결 방법에서 병가, 작업전환이라고 응답한 군에 비해 병원, 한의원, 약국치료 라고 응답한 군의 근골격계 질환 교차비(odds ratio)는 0.22(95% 신뢰구간 0.14-0.34)로 음의 관련성을 보였다. 이것은 근골격계 장애가 있는 경우 병원, 한의원, 약국치료를 더 하지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 치과위생사의 근골격계 통증 관리를 위해서는 의학적 관리(한의학적 치료, 정맥주사나 약물 치료, 열과 냉동 치료, 스테로이드 치료, 상담 치료, 척수자극을 이용한 중재적 치료, 물리 치료, 스트레칭, 재활운동치료, 도수 치료)와 작업환경 요인을 개선할 필요가 있고 근골격계질환 예방법에 대한 적절한 접근이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1638-1652
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• 2000

Prolific females require better nutrition and feeding practice because of larger litter size and the substantial decline in body fat. Life-time pig output will be compromised if body protein and fat are not properly managed. First litter females are especially vulnerable because they can loose ${\geq}15%$ of whole-body protein. Conservation of body protein mass during first lactation minimizes wean to estrus interval and increases second litter size (up to 1.2 pigs). The ability to influence litter-size by amino acid nutrition is a new dimension in our understanding. A P2 fat depth below 12 mm at farrow and below 10 mm at wean compromised wean to estrus interval (>2 d) and next litter size (0.5 to 1.5 pigs) in sows. It is now clear that a 'modest' excess of feed during the first 72 h of pregnancy decreases embryo viability so that the potential for an increased litter size at birth is not realized. The capacity for milk production by prolific young sows is 25% higher than the standard used previously (NRC, 1988). First litter females averaged 9.82 kg milk/d for a 21 d lactation. Second and third litter counterparts averaged 10.35 kg/d. Milk production was 95% of peak by 10 d of lactation and sows were in greatest negative energy and lysine balance during the first 6 d. Nearly 45% of the total loss in body protein occurred within the first 6 d, but this could reduced to 30-35% by using a more aggressive feeding strategy after parturition. There appear to be 2 phases in lactation for lysine need (d 2-12 vs 12-21). Feeding to the higher level alleviates the second litter size decline. The lysine requirement for lactation can be predicted with accuracy, but we are not able to predict the second limiting amino acid. Mammary uptake of valine relative to lysine and recent work with practical diets suggest that the recent NRC (1998) pattern is realistic and that threonine and valine could be co-limiting for corn-soy diets for prolific sows nursing 10-11 pigs. Empirical studies are needed to refine the ideal pattern so that synthetic lysine can be used with more confidence. Milk fat output for the elite sow is extraordinary and poses an unnecessarily high energetic cost. Methods that reduce mammary fat synthesis will benefit the sow and may enhance piglet growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2861-2866
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• 2012

Background: The aim of our study was to assess the practical utility of the palliative prognostic index (PPI) as a prognostic tool used by nurse specialists in a hospice consultation setting in Taiwan. Methods: In total, 623 terminal cancer patients under hospice consultation care from one medical center in northern Taiwan were enrolled between January 1 and June 30, 2011. PPI was assessed by a nurse specialist at first hospice consultation and patients categorized into groups by prognosis (good, intermediate, poor). Patient survival was analyzed retrospectively to determine significance of between-group differences. Results: By PPI sum score, 37.2% of patients were in the good prognosis group, 18% in the intermediate prognosis group and 44.8% in the poor prognosis group. The death rates were 56%, 81.2% and 89.6% and median survivals were 76, 18 and 7 days, respectively. The hazard ratio was 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.24, p<0.001) for the poor versus good prognosis group and 0.54 (95% CI 0.43-0.69, p<0.001) for the poor versus intermediate prognosis group. The sensitivity and specificity for the poor prognosis group was 66% and 71%; the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 81% and 52%, respectively, to predict patient death within 21 days (area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.68). Conclusions: Assessment by PPI can accurately predict survival of terminal cancer patients receiving hospice consultation care. PPI is a simple tool and can be administered by nurse members of hospice consultation teams.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.229-241
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• 2016

본 연구는 사회적 기업 CEO을 대상으로 직무스트레스가 경영성과에 미치는 영향과 이들 간에 사회적 지원, 정부지원제도의 조절역할을 탐구하는데 목적이 있다. 사회적 목적 실현을 위하여 설립한 사회적 기업의 CEO는 기업윤리성, 기업수익성, 정체성 혼란 및 경영 어려움 등으로 직무스트레스를 받고 있다. 이러한 CEO의 직무스트레스를 표출시킴으로 지역사회 내에서 함께 풀어나갈 방안을 모색하여 사회적 기업이 경영 성과를 성장시킴으로 지속적으로 지역사회 내에서 사회적 목적을 수행할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 한다. 본 연구의 이론적 배경은 ISR 직무스트레스모델 이론을 주근거로 적용하였다. 직무스트레스 요인과 직무 스트레스 영향을 독립변수로 그리고 경영성과를 종속변수로, 그리고 사회적 지원, 정부지원제도를 조절변수로 상호간의 유의성에 관하여 분석하고자 한다. 연구 방법은 우리나라에 소재하고 있는 사회적 기업 223명 CEO을 대상으로부터 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 수집하였다. 자료 분석은 IBM SPSS Statristics 20.0 프로그램을 사용하여 표본의 일반적 특성, 신뢰도 검증, 요인분석, 상관관계 분석, 연구 가설 검증을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 직무스트레스 요인 및 영향은 경영성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 사회적 지원은 직무스트레스 요인과 영향을 낮추고 경영성과를 높이는 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 정부지원제도는 직무스트레스 요인과 영향을 낮추고 경영성과를 높이는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of foreign life insurance consultants focusing on the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Regarding job security, in general foreign life insurance companies in Korea have more severe working conditions in terms of required contract performance. For foreign life insurance consultants, they are assumed to need higher level of emotional intelligence and self efficacy to meet the conditions. In this study, focus is cast on these aspects. Research design, data, and methodology - Basically the research is conducted upon questionnaires responded by foreign life insurance consultants. That is, data are collected from 255 sample of insurance consultants who work for a foreign owned life insurance company. The Questionnaire measure the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of insurance consultants. The data are analyzed using pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Durbin-Watson test. Results - The general characteristics of respondents are gender, age, marital status, education level, income monthly, career length, change jobs no, working day per week, call no. per week, meeting no. with client per week, contract regularity, contract no. per month and cancellation contract per year. The mean of emotional intelligence is 2.63, self-efficacy is 3.44 and job stress is 2.20. Emotional intelligence is composed with mean value of self emotion appraisal(3.93), other's emotion appraisal(3.78), regulation of emotion(3.29) and use of emotion(3.52). The mean of self efficacy is composed with mean value of self-confidence(3.41), self-regulated efficacy(3.59) and preference task difficulty(3.30). The job stress is composed with mean value of job requirement(2.61), lack of job autonomy(1.99), conflict of personal relations(1.99), job instability(2.38), organizational system(2.19) and inappropriate compensation(2.07). There is a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are significantly negative correlation with job stress. The self-efficacy is showed a mediating variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. Conclusions - To decrease job stress level, foreign life insurance company should find the factors to improve the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of life insurance consultants, and develop appropriate plans using a mediating role of self- efficacy between emotional intelligence and job stress.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 현행 감사보고서 회계제도의 실효성을 검증하기 위해 금융감독원으로부터 분식회계로 인해 감리지적을 받은 기업을 대상으로 하여 감리기간을 전 후한 회계정보의 질에 변화가 존재하는가를 검증하였다. 구체적으로 재량적 발생액을 회계정보의 질에 대한 대용변수로 선정하여 감리지적 기업의 감리지적 이전 기간과 이후 기간에 재량적 발생액의 수준이 감리지적을 받지 않은 일반기업들로 구성된 통제집단에 비해 어떠한 양상을 보이는가를 관찰한다. 주요한 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 단변량 분석결과 감리지적 기업은 감리지적 이전 기간에 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 재량적 발생액을 감리지적 이후 기간에는 유의미한 음(-)을 재량적 발생액을 나타내고 있었다. 다음으로 통제집단과의 비교를 통한 다변량 분석체계에서는 감리지적 기업이 통제집단에 비해 감리지적 이전 기간에는 높은 수준의 양(+)의 재량적 발생액을 보이는 반면, 감리지적 이후에는 재량적 발생액의 크기가 현저하게 줄어들어 통제집단과 유사한 수준인 것으로 관찰된다. 이러한 분석결과는 감리지적 기업이 감리지적 이전에는 높은 수준의 증가적 이익조정을 통해 왜곡된 회계정보를 시장에 전달한 반면, 감리지적 이후에는 감리제도의 효과에 의한 엄격한 외부감사 혹은 기업 스스로의 자발적 노력 등으로 인해 회계정보의 질이 일반기업과 유사한 수준으로 개선되었음을 의미한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9101-9105
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and effectiveness of automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) and hand-held ultrasound (HHUS) in the detection of breast cancer in a large population group with a long-term follow-up, and to investigate whether different ultrasound systems may influence the estimation of cancer detection. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study, and informed consent was waived. From September 2010 to August 2011, a total of 1,866 ABVS and 3,700 HHUS participants, who underwent these procedures at our institute, were included in this study. Cancers occurring during the study and subsequent follow-up were evaluated. The reference standard was a combination of histology and follow-up imaging (${\geq}12months$). The recall rate, cancer detection yield, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated with exact 95% confidence intervals. Results: The recall rate was 2.57 per 1,000 (48/1,866) for ABVS and 3.57 per 1,000 (132/3,700) for HHUS, with a significant difference (p=0.048). The cancer detection yield was 3.8 per 1,000 for ABVS and 2.7 per 1,000 for HHUS. The diagnostic accuracy was 97.7% for ABVS and 96.5% for HHUS with statistical significance (p=0.018). The specificity of ABVS and HHUS were 97.8%, 96.7%, respectively (p=0.022). Conclusions: ABVS shows a comparable diagnostic performance to HHUS. ABVS is an effective supplemental tool for mammography in breast cancer detection in a large population.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2007

To evaluate the effect of air pollution on respiratory health in children, We conducted a longitudinal study in which children were asked to record their daily levels of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate(PEFR) using potable peak flow meter(mini-Wright) for 4 weeks. The relationship between daily PEFR and ambient air particle levels was analyzed using a mixed linear regression models including gender, age in year, weight, the presence of respiratory symptoms, and relative humidity as an extraneous variable. The daily mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ over the study period were $64.9{\mu}g/m^3$ and $46.1{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The range of daily measured PEFR in this study was $182{\sim}481\;l/min$. Daily mean PEFR was regressed with the 24-hour average $PM_{10}(or\;PM_{2.5})$ levels, weather information such as air temperature and relative humidity, and individual characteristics including sex, weight, and respiratory symptoms. The analysis showed that the increase of air particle concentrations was negatively associated with the variability in PEFR. We estimated that the IQR increment of $PM_{10}$ or $PM_{2.5}$ were associated with 1.5 l/min (95% Confidence intervals -3.1, 0.1) and 0.8 l/min(95% CI -1.8, 0.1) decline in PEFR. Even though this study showed negative findings on the relationship between respiratory function and air particles, it was worth noting that the findings must be interpreted cautiously because exposure measurement based on monitoring of ambient air likely resulted in misclassification of true exposure levels and this was the first Korean study that $PM_{2.5}$ measurement was applied as an index of air quality.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.400-410
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• 2005

인지갈등 과정모형에 근거하면 불안요인은 개념변화 학습을 위한 갈등상황에서 학생들의 반응 행동에 이중적(긍정적 부정적) 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그러나 인지갈등 해소를 위하여 단계적 실험을 수행할 때, 어떤 불안유형이 긍정적인 또는 부정적인 유형인지 보고한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 작용과 반작용 개념과 관련된 단계적 실험을 수행한 학생들이 불안유형에 따라 설명가설을 제안하는 특성이 어떻게 나타나는 가를 알아보았다. 연구결과, 논리적 오개념 확신형, 변안추가 시도형, 합리적 수정형의 학생들은 단계적 실험 이후 물리적 본성에 가까운 가설을 제안 할 수 있었다. 반면 다섯 가지 유형 (예측결과 양립형, 타인 의존형, 과거경험 융합형, 자신감 부족형, 과거경험 충돌형 등)의 학생들은 임시적 보조가설이나 학생의 직관과 실험 관찰에 근거한 단편적 설명가설을 제안하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 불일치 상황을 이용하는 개념변화 학습에서 단계적 실험을 이용할 경우, 이들 다섯 가지 유형의 학생들은 불안유형에 근거한 교사와의 적극적인 상호작용이 필요함을 제안하고, 인지갈등 해소를 위하여 단계적 실험을 사용할 때 교사가 보다 주의해야 할 학생들의 반응 특성을 제시하였다.