• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.20
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• pp.9-22
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• 2007

Three kinds of natural pesticides extracted from plants which are being sold in the Korean markets, were estimated effects on materials of art of museum. Tested samples were 1) silk fabrics : undyed, dyed(amur cork tree, gallut, gallut(alum post mordancy), gallut(copperas post mordancy), gardenia, turmeric, acorn, acorn(copperas post mordancy), gromwell, madder, madder(alum post mordancy), safflower, sappanwood, sappanwood(alum pre mordancy, post mordancy), indigo, indigo+amur cork tree, indigo+sappanwood) 2) cotton fabrics : undyed, dyed(amur cork tree, gallut, gallut(alum post mordancy), gardenia, acorn, acorn(copperas post mordancy), gromwell, madder, madder(alum post mordancy), safflower, sappanwood, sappanwood(alum pre mordancy, post mordancy), indigo, indigo+sappanwood) 3) undyed ramie fabric 4) Korean papers : undyed, dyed(sappanwood, indigo, gardenia, amur cork tree, safflower) 5) pigments : azurite, malachite, red lead, litharge, orpiment, hematite, iron oxide, cinnabar, vermilion, indigo, lake indigo, kaolin, lead white, oyster shell white 6) painted plates : azurite, malachite, red lead, litharge, orpiment, hematite, iron oxide, cinnabar, vermilion, indigo, lake indigo, kaolin, lead white, oyster shell white. Conditions of tests were that after samples were exposed to 10 times of promoted concentration for 9 months in relative humidity $55{\pm}1%$ and temperature $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, they were compared with standards. Items of estimation were color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) and tenacity. After exposure to pesticides, undyed silk cotton ramie fabrics and Korean papers were not nearly changed in their colors, but colors of most of dyed samples were clearly changed by pesticides except for partial samples(acorn- and madder-dyed fabrics etc, gardenia-dyed samples). Especially changes of colors of turmeric-dyed silk fabrics were most distinct. And colors of pigments and painted plates containing lead, copper, arsenic, mercury and vegetable pigments, were clearly changed. Tenacities of yams of undyed silk fabrics were not nearly changed and undyed cotton fabrics were a little reduced as compared with standards. But tenacities of yams of dyed silk and cotton fabrics were clearly reduced or increased as compared with standards. Especially, madder-dyed silk fabrics were increased 10% or more and indigo-dyed silk fabrics were reduced 10% or less in all pesticides. Also madder- and sappanwood(alum post mordancy)-dyed cotton fabrics were increased 10% or more in all pesticides.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2002

Effect of reducing agent sodium hydrosulfite on the natural indigo on the silk fabrics were examined to improve traditional dyeing method. K/S values of dyed fabrics was monitored with various dyeing temperature time, amount of dye and reducing agent. The dyeability of silk fabrics was improved by using reducing agent, sodium hydrosulfite; K/S value (7.20) was higher then that (1.09) of traditional method at the frist dyeing. Natural indigo dye extracted from dyed silk fabrics are composed of isomer, indigo (67.3%) and indirubin (32.5%). However, silk fabrics showed excellent anti-microbial activity regardless of the dyeing methods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.69-81
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• 2014

Fabric made of 100% silk was dyed with Undaria pinnatifida extracts under different conditions such as varing colorant concentration, temperature, time and dyebath pH. The dye uptake (K/S, value), CIE L*,a*,b* and Munsell values of the dyed samples and mordanted samples were measured. Colorfastness, antibacterial property and UV protection property were also evaluated. As colorants concentration increased, the dye uptake increased progressively and maximum color strength was obtained at 100% V/V. Dye uptake also increased with increasing temperature and time, and the maximum color strength was obtained at $80^{\circ}C$ and 60min. With pre-mordanting, the color of the Al and Fe mordanted silk fabrics was yellow on the Munsell color system, while the Cu mordanted fabric was a greenish color. Al and Fe post-mordanted fabrics had a yellow tone, and the Cu post-mordanted fabric had a yellow greenish tone. The light fastness property of the Cu mordanted silk fabric was relatively good, The effect of Al and Fe mordanting on fastness was insignificant. The antibacterial activity of dyed and unmordanted silk fabric was excellent, whereas fabric dyed and mordanted with Undaria pinnatifida extract demonstrated superior ultraviolet protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2002

In order to development of culture goods I made works with various color's silk fabrics dyed with water extract or methanol extract of plants. The Plants used for dyeing as dyeing material were indigo, safflower, amur cock tree, onion's Peel, citrus peel, mugwort, gromwell, sappan wood. Each of Plants were extracted by each of temperature and time. The mordants used for various color chanties are aluminium sulfate, cupric acetate mono hydrate, ferrous chloride. With fabrics of various color dyed like this I made works which give expression to an easy and natural image of the Korean nation of fabrics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.280-287
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• 2000

For thousands of years, dyes were obtained from natural sources, such as plants and animals. Although synthetic dyes have replaced many natural dyes for commercial use but natural dyes with their fascinating color are still used extensively by some people. To investigate the dyeing properties of chestnut bur, which is most widely found in our country, some experiments were performed under the several dyeing conditions with silk and cotton fabrics. It was found that $\lambda_{max}$ of chestnut but extract was 410nm and the color of the fabric dyed is Yellow Red. The K/S value of silk and cotton fabrics increased when the dyeing temperature was higher than $60^\circ{C}$ and the dyeing time was more than 30 minutes. Optimal dyeing pH was between 5 and 6, and repetition of dyeing increased K/S value of the sample fabrics. K/S value of silk fabric dyed with chestnut bur extract was higher than that of cotton. Post-mordanting method showed higher color yield compared with pre-mordanting, and higher temperature and increased time in mordanting increased the dye-uptake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.795-806
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• 2004

Unripe indigenous persimmons which contain rich tannins have been used as natural dye materials traditionally and have been using continuously for dyed clothes named Gal-ot in Jeju. Those persimmons were cheap and easy to use as dyes because of inedible and widely cultured in Korea. Persimmon juice dyes not only make fabrics brown-color but also give functional and hygienic properities such as stiffness, air ventilation of clothes, antibacterial activity, protectivity against ultraviolet light. However there are several serious problems which are ristriction of dyeing periods, longtime irradiation, uneven color and low color fastness etc. in persimmon juice dyeing. This study purpose to improve dye effect and method in order to enlarge useability of persimmon juice dyeing. Cotton fabrics were pad-dyed to 100% pick-up using padding machine after dipping in persimmon juice extracted from unripe persimmons indigenous from Jeju. It was possible and available to control pick-up rate. The color of dyed cotton fabrics by padding method was more even and repeatable than which by traditional hand method. Persimmon juice concentrations were 4 types of 10, 25, 50 and 100％. The more concentration increased, the more color deepened. UV Irradiation instead of sunlight was applied to color developing. Irradiation times were shortened till 1∼8 hrs. Same color values could be taken without water wetting which were required in sunlight irradiation. Tensile strengths of cotton fabrics pad-dyed with low concentration of persimmon juice decreased but recovered at high concentrations. Elongations(％) of cotton fabrics pad-dyed with persimmon juice were increased 1％ more than undyed cotton in sunlight irradiation. Drape stiffness increased upto double times as much as.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

In this study, the dyeability of natural dye extracted from chesnut shell was investigated in order to explore the using of discarded chesnut shell in natural dyeing. Dyeing experiments were done in various dyeing conditions which were different in dyeing temperature, concentration of dyebath, dyeing time, repitition of dyeing. pH of dyebath and mordant with 3 kinds of experimental fabrics silk, nylon and cotton. Color and color difference ($\Delta$ E) of every dyed fabrics were measured and color fastness to drycleaning, washing, perspiration and light were measured. The results were as follows ; 1. The dyebath became thicker with time and temperature of extraction and the characteristics of dyebath prepared chesnut shell 1g : distilled water 30㏄ after 3 hrs-boiling were 32,400ppm and 3.7pH. 2. The dyeabilities of silk and nylon fabrics were good and color difference was increased with dyeing temperature, concentration of dyebath, dyeing time, number of repitition and acidity of dyebath. But the dyeability of cotton was very poor compared to silk and nylon. 3. Without the treatment of mordant, the dyeability of silk was little lower than that of nylon, but after the treatment of mordants it became higher than nylon. After the treatment of mordant Cu and Fe, the dyeability of cotton was increased although the natural dye from the chesnut shell was hardly absorved in cotton without mordant. 4. On the whole, the colorfastness of dyed silk and nylon were very good except the colorfastness to washing in silk and the colorfastness to light in nylon.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2004

The dyeing on cellulose fibers such as cotton and viscose viscose rayon was carried out by the use of solution extracted from natural fresh leaves of indigo plant under several dyeing conditions. The dyeing affinity of viscose rayon was higher than that of cotton. The total K/S value of dyed fabrics was considerably increased with repeated dyeings, while a dyeing time has a little influence on it. Both fibers were hardly dyed by indigo at $60^{\circ)$ and cotton was dyed better at $40^{\circ)$ than at $20^{\circ)$, but in viscose rayon, a little difference of total K/S was shown between $20^{\circ)$ and $40^{\circ)$. The color change of dyed fabric according to dyeing conditions was evaluated by the CIELAB color system. viscose rayon had a lower $b^*$ so that it looked bluer than cotton and when the celluose fibers were dyed by indigo plant at the lower temperature, the bluer it looked. By repeated dyeings the $b^*$value of dyed fabrics was much increased but the $a^*$ value was little influenced and in case of viscose rayon the change was considerable.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.50-56
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• 2003

Chitosan has been widely applied to the products in various industries such as textile fabrics, apparels, foods, medical area, etc. Cochineal has long been employed as one of natural dyestuffs in the textile industry. The effect of chitosan pre-treatment on the low-stress physical and mechanical properties of cochineal-dyed fabrics including cotton, silk, nylon and polyester fabrics was investigated in this study. The chitosan treatment and mordanting of the fabrics changed the bending, shear, compression, and surface properties of the fabrics. In cotton fabric specimens, while the increase of B(bending rigidity) of cotton is relatively high, the increase of G(shear rigidity) of cotton is relatively low. In nylon and PET fabric specimens, while the increase tendency of B is relatively low, that of G is high compared to the corresponding cotton fabrics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the proper dyeing condition, color fastness and functionality of silk fabrics dyed with Zizania latifolia Turcz. FT-IR spectrum analysis suggests that colorants of Zizania latifolia Turcz. are tannins. The dyeing of the silk fabrics using Zizania latifolia Turcz. was very good even without pretreatment or mordanting treatment. Optimal dyeing conditions of silk fabrics were colorant concentration of 200%(o.w.f.), dyeing temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, dyeing time of 60 minutes and dyebath pH of 5.5. Color fastness of dyed silk fabrics to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light was 4~4-5, 5, 4~4-5(acidic), 4-5(alkaline) and 2 respectively. UV protection rate and deodorization rate of silk fabrics dyed with Zizania latifolia Turcz. were improved. Reduction rate(Staphyloccus aureus) of silk fabrics was excellent at 98.3%. As a result, it was confirmed that the Zizania latifolia Turcz. could be used as an eco-friendly functional natural dye.