• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.187-189
• /
• 2013

The antimicrobial activities of emodin and its derivatives (anthraquinone, alizarin, and alizarin-3-methyliminodiacetic acid) were evaluated using a paper disc diffusion method against foodborne bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus intermedius, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella sonnei). Emodin isolated from C. tora seeds has an antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, followed by alizarin-3-methyliminodiacetic acid ($13.0{\pm}2.5mm$) and alizarin ($11.5{\pm}1.2mm$). Furthermore, emodin showed the antimicrobial activity against S. sonnei and S. typhimurium. In conclusion, C. tora seed and its active component derivatives are useful for the development of natural products on food supplemental agents and pharmaceuticals.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 2005

Racodium therryanum from Korea is described here for the first time. This fungus is characterized by that it is isolated from conifer seeds and seedlings, including Abies, colonies are dark green to dark gray and intricate, and it forms chlamydospores in cultures. This pathogenic fungus was isolated from seeds of Abies koreana growing on Mt. Halla, Jeju island. The fungus stopped growth more than at $30^{\circ}C$ but grew even at $O^{\circ}C$. This fungus infected seeds of A. koreana under the snow during winter season. There is a high probability that this fungus affects the natural regeneration of A. koreana on Mt. Halla.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2009

The coexistence policy of GM and non-GM crops is still on the debates in EU since “the recommendation on guidelines for the development of national strategies and best practices to ensure the coexistence of GM crops with conventional and organic farming” has been reported in 2003. The major issues are maximum tolerance level of GMO admixture and minimum isolation distances of GM fields with others including conventional, organic and seeds production. Majority of member states in EU proposed that the tolerance level of GMO admixture must be more strictly controlled, in particular in the fields for organic crops and seeds production. To this end, it was proposed that minimum isolation distances to segregate GM crops from fields with organic crops and seeds production need to be further extended than those of conventional crops since cross pollination with other crops adjacent GM fields is known as the most prevalent source for GMO contamination. In these circumstances, it is strongly suggested that the current legislations need to be revised including the minimum isolation distances of fields for each species before field cultivation for a commercial GM crop is approved for the first time in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2019

One key step in the plant restoration process is the collection of seeds from the field. For the selection of source populations of target plant species for translocation purposes (reintroduction or reinforcements), several approaches are possible. A practical method involves the use of data from reciprocal transplant studies. If no direct data are available, knowledge of population genetics and the phylogeography of the target species can serve as an alternative. In this short review, we briefly propose guidelines for those collecting seeds for plant species restoration based on population genetics theory, focusing on two main questions: Where does the plant material come from and how are sources designated, and how are seeds efficiently collected from local populations? While genetic data on a larger scale (phylogeography and population genetics) are needed to form a reply to the first question, similar data on a smaller scale (fine-scale genetic structures within populations) are necessary to shed light on the second issue.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2000

Umbelliferae medicinal crops have low germination under natural condition. Special objective of this study is to investigate morphological characteristics of seeds and effects of environmental factors such as light and temperature on their germination and seedling growth in Umbelliferae plants, using them as oriental medicine materials. Fruits of Umbelliferae are bi-partite type and form 2 seeds. Their oil canals and funiculus or carpaphore has apparently specific shape. Seed shape of Buplerum falcatum, Ligusticum acutilobum and Foeniculum vulgare are oblong, Ledeboutiella seseloides, Angelica dahurica, Angelica gigas elliptic, and Ostericum koreanum ovate. Color of seed coats varied from yellow to dark brown. Seed size was 3.2 to 6.9 mm in length, 1.7 to 4.9 mm in width. One thousand-seed weight of Buplerum falcatum was lowest(at 1,660 mg) and Ledebouriella seseloides and Angelica gigas were relatively highest(at 3,970 mg) having larger size than any others. Optimum temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth ranged from 20 to $25^{\circ}C$ and especially temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ improved seed germinations of Ledebouriella seseloides, Angelica dahurica and Ligusticum acutilobum regardless of light condition.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

This study assessed in vitro antioxidant activity (ABTS⁺ and DPPH) of Vitex rotundifolia seeds collected from two different regions in Korea (Jungjang City and Sindu City). Three extraction methods using ethanol, methanol, and water were prepared separately and subjected to quantification by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis as well as antioxidant testing. Among them, the water-based extract exhibited superior activity in the ABTS⁺ compared with the ethanol- and methanol-based extracts, while the DPPH assay analysis, revealed that the methanol-based extract had very low antioxidant activity. The concentrations of vanillic acid (1), luteolin (2), vitexicarpin (3), and artemetin (4) were quantified using HPLC-PDA analysis. Vanillic acid (1) was identified as the main antioxidant in V. rotundifolia seeds. Combining the antioxidant activity and quantitative analysis results, the water-based extract was considered to have the highest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, vanillic acid (1) was detected in the leaves and stems of V. rotundifolia plants from different regions, indicating that this species has the potential for use in future antioxidant-applications.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of auriculotherapy on sleep disorders in the elderly. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pre-post post-test. The participants were 43 elderly, members of community senior centers, experimental group were 23 elderly, and control group were 20 elderly. For the experimental group, small seeds (semen vaccaria) were applied to five locations of both auricular skin surfaces: shen men, heart, anterior lobe, occiput, and spleen of posterior surface. The seeds were applied every week, and remained in surfaces for 5 days. The procedure were repeated 4 times. The control group was not treated. The collected data were statistically processed using SPSS 12.0 version and the data was analyzed for descriptive statistics and t-test. Results: The experimental group had a greater improvement in sleep scale score (t=-4.717, p<.001) and sleep satisfaction score (t=-6.095, p<.001) as compared to the control group. Conclusions: Auriculotherapy by small seeds (semen vaccaria) is effective in allaying sleep disorders in the elderly. The results may be useful to community health nurses.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.434-445
• /
• 2023

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds have recently been attracting attention as a new high-value-added food material owing to their excellent nutritional properties, and research on the development of functional food materials using hemp seeds is actively progressing. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of hemp seed protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from defatted hemp seed powder (HS) by enzymatic hydrolysis using five different proteases (alcalase, bromelain, flavourzyme, neutrase, and papain). 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) assay and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that HS showed a high degree of hydrolysis after treatment with each enzyme except papain. The total polyphenol content of the protein hydrolysates (<3 kDa) and the RC50 values obtained from two different antioxidant tests showed that alcalase hydrolysate (HSA) had a relatively high level of antioxidant capacity. In addition, treatment with HSA (25-100 ㎍/mL) significantly inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation. These results suggest that hemp seed protein hydrolysates are potential sources of natural antioxidants. Future studies will focus on the identification of active peptides from HSA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.105 no.1
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2016

To examine the natural regeneration in the natural mixed-broadleaved forest, flowering, fruiting, seed-fall, and seed viabilities of Acer pseudosieboldianum (Ap) were investigated in Mt. Jungwang, Gangwon-do, from 2009 to 2015. The flower of Ap consisted many male and bisexual flowers on the corymb. Flowering dates are differed between sex morph in the same inflorescence. Stamens are stop growing and disappeared after pollinated pistil begin to grow in bisexual flowers, and male flowers have vestial pistil. The flowers of Ap might be pollinated by Apis mellifera, Andrenidae spp. and Syrphinae spp. Ap had some mechanism to prevent from self pollination with heterodichogamy. Mean annual seedfall of Ap was 70,780 ea/ha (ranged 310~234,840 ea/ha). Annual seedfall of Ap varied severely, and the maximum was about 760 times the minimum. Annual seed production of Ap might be to a normal distribution. Rates of damaged or decayed seeds are highest 59.3%, and those of sound seeds are 23.9%, Those of undeveloped and empty seeds are 9.2% and 7.6%, respectively. The most important factors influencing sound seed production might be the density and activities of insect pollinators and sucking pest in the flowerwing period, middle-late May. Successful regeneration of Ap might be in masting year and on the gap sites with proper conditions to germinate and grow. To understand the natural regeneration of deciduous hardwoods, further study on the characteristics of flowering and fruiting, pre- and post-dispersal seed predation, and annual variation on these factor should be needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.2
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2014

To examine the natural regeneration in the natural mixed-broadlived forest, flowering, fruiting, seed-fall, and seed viabilities of Acer ukurunduense Trautv. & C.A. Mey. (AU) were investigated in Mt. Jungwang, Gangwon-do, from 2009 to 2013. The flower of AU consisited many male and bisexual flowers on the raceme (unusual panicle) and the arrangement of two sex morphs are differed for each inflorescence. Flowering dates are differed between sex morph in the same inflorescence. Stamens are stop growing and disappeared after pollinated pistil begin to grow in bisexual flowers, and male flowers have vestial pistil. The flowers of AU might be pollinated by Apis mellifera, Thyris fenestrella seoulensis, Cerambycidae sp., Andrenidae sp. and Ctenophora sp., and had some mechanism to prevent feom self pollination. The number of flower buds per inflorescence is 189 on June 8, and that of young samaras per inflorescence is 41.2 on June 21. At last ripened samaras per inflorescence is reduced 33.4 on September 5. Mean annual seedfall of AU was 6,720 ea/ha (ranged 670~17,930). Rates of sound seeds are highest 43.2%, and those of damaged or decayed seeds are 41.8%,. Those of undeveloped and empty seeds are 10.2% and 4.8%, respectively. Successful regeneration of AU might be in masting year and on the gap sites with proper conditions to germinate and grow. To understand the natural regeneration of the species, Genus Acer, further study on the fruiting habit, pre- and post-dispersal seed viability, and annual variation on these factor should be needed.