• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 1993

There is a growing concern in the United Stares over the environmental and human health implications associated with heavy use of water, pesticides, and inorganic ferilizers in maintaining picture perfect golf courses. There is also a growing awareness that a beautiful course is not necessarily a healthy course. The following discussion reviews the interrelationship of turfgrass and the soil that supports it and provides basic information on currently available alternatives to turf management practices that feature intensive application of inorganic fertilizers. water and pesticides. Soil is a dynamic natural environment in which microorganisms play an important role. Soil contains a large mass of microorganisms which produce thousands of enzymes that can catalyze the transformation and degradation of many organic molecules. (In top soil under optimum conditions may contain 10 billion cells per gram of soil.). Turfgrass and the soil which supports it are interdependent. The natural organic cycle as applied to turf and soil begins with healthy vigorous grass plants storing up the sun's energy in green plant tissues as chemical energy. Animals obtain energy by eating plants and when plants and animals die, their wastes are returned to the soil and provide "food" for soil microorganisms. In the next step of the organic cycle soil microorganisms break down complex plant tissues into more basic forms and make the nutrients available to grass roots. Finally, growing plants extract the available nutrients from the soil. By free operation of this organic cycle, natural grasslands have some of the most fertile soils on earths.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2012

Indigo crop, Persicaria tinctoria H. Gross is an annual plant containing natural colorant, the blue dye indigo, and local cultivars had been cultivated to produce natural indigo for textile dyeing in Korea since ancient times. Naju No. 2 is a new mass-selected line from the mother population, Naju Local cultivar. In this study, two breeding lines of Naju Local and Naju No. 2, have been cultivated in four different locations, the South regions of Korea, to compare plant growth and yield characteristics between two lines. Naju No. 2 was higher in plant height, and Naju Local has more 1st branches. Naju No. 2 has larger leaf area and higher width/length ratio of leaf, showing the round leaf type as morphological stable character without regional differences. Though there was considerable regional variation in fresh and dry top weight of harvested plant, the significant difference of plant weight between two lines were not shown. The ratio of leaf to total shoot of dry weight of Naju No. 2 was higher than one of Naju Local, indicating that Naju No. 2 has better yielding of colorant which is synthesized mostly in leaf. Naju No. 2 contained more Niram (crude indigo extract) and indigo, and showed much blueness at dyeing of silk using fresh leaves than Naju Local. We concluded that a new line, Naju No. 2 could be a superior cultivar due to having higher leaf yield and better quality of natural colorant than Naju local cultivar.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2017

Seven flavonoid compounds, kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnoside (5), quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (6) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (7), were isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of Kalanchoe prolifera. Compounds 1-7 were isolated for first time from this plant. These compounds were evaluated their cytotoxic activity against P-388 murine leukimia cells in vitro. Among those compounds kaempferol (1) and quercetin (2) showed strongest cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values of $4.45{\pm}0.05$ and $6.28{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/mL$, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.246-250
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• 2005

A number of species of the genus Centaurea (Family: Asteraceae), distributed in various parts of Asia, Europe and North America, have been used in traditional plant-based medicine and reported to possess various medicinal properties. As part of our continuing evaluation of plants from the genus Centaurea for their phytochemistry and biological activities, the dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of the seeds of Turkish Centaurea species, C. bornmuelleri, C. huber-morathii and C. schiskinii, were screened for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Among the three species, C. huber-morathii displayed the most prominent antibacterial activity. Both the MeOH and DCM extracts of this plant showed activity against Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella goldcoast with the MIC values within the range of $1\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;to\;1\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;mg/ml$. The MeOH extract of C schiskinii showed activity $(MIC\;=\;1\;{\times}\;10^{-1}\;mg/ml)$ against Citrobacter freundii and Staphylococcus aureus. While the DCM extract of C. bornmuelleri was only active against Staphylococcus aureus $(MIC\;=1\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;mg/ml)$, the MeOH extract did not show any inhibitory activity at test concentrations. The DCM and MeOH extracts of all three species demonstrated good degree of antioxidant property in the DPPH assay with the $RC_{50}$ values ranging from $72\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;to\;31{\times}\;10^{-3}\;mg/ml$. Among these extracts, the MeOH extract of C. hubermorathii was the most active antioxidant extract $(MlC\;=\;31\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;mg/ml)$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.477-482
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• 2009

Inhibitory effect of skin and seed of three species grape cultivated in Korea on melanogenesis was investigated. Melanin generation was examined in $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone-stimulated B16 cell, mouse melanoma, in the presence of samples. All skin sample did not show the inhibitory effect. Seed extract of Campbell early and Neo Muscat had negative effect on cell viability. When $50{\mu}g/ml$ seed extract of Muscat Bailey A was treated, amount of generated melanin and cell viability were $51.6{\pm}20.5%$ and $90.4{\pm}11.3%$ compared to control, respectively. Seed extract of Muscat Bailey A reduced the tyrosinase protein induced by $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone, which suggests that inhibitory effect of seed extract of Muscat Bailey A on melanin is partly due to suppression of tyrosinase that is responsible for melanin production.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.820-829
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• 2003

One of the important function of skin is the protection from harmful environments. Many studies were carried out to keep the skin from wrinkling and pigmenting. Skin wrinkle and pigmentation could be caused' by the unusual disruption of connective tissue, the formation of free radicals and the radiation of ultraviolet. In this study, the extracts obtained from 23 different kinds of medicinal plants were examined whether they have inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and elastase as well as free radical scavenging effect. All the extracts examined were obtained by using 70% (v/v) ethanol at $60^{\circ}C$. It has been found that there were two medicinal plants which have positive effects matching with the purpose of this study. The extract of Ephedra sinica stapf shows an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase ($IC_{50}$ = 83.7~$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), on elastase ($IC_{50}$ = $690{\mu}\textrm{g}$/ml), and also shows free radical scavenging effect ($IC_{50}$ = 29.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). The extract of Betula platyphylla Var. shows an inhibitory effect on elastase ($IC_{50}$ = 498.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and free radical scavenging effect ($IC_{50}$ = 9$\mu\textrm{g}$/ ml). The aim of the study is to find the natural compounds which have function in skin-lightening, anti-wrinkling and anti-oxidation, with safe and active ingredients in cosmetic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.971-975
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• 2003

This study was performed to find natural foods with high anti-dementia effects from natural plant resources which have been used for mental health. We screened inhibitors of prolyl endopeptidase which could be implicated in the processing of Alzheimer's disease, the principal part of dementia. One hundred natural foods were examined for prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors. Out of them, methanol extract of Acorns and Raspberry inhibited more than 90% of prolyl endopeptidase activity at 40 ppm. Also, methanol extract of Walnut inhibited 73% of prolyl endopeptidase activity at the same concentration. Therefore, the result suggests that these natural foods may have the potential to be used for preventing and treating dementia like Alzheimer disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 2015

This study aims to evaluate the antitumor effect of Adonis multiflora, one of the plants in the Ranunculaceae, on mice to which hepatoma cells were transplanted and to suggest its possibility as a candidate natural substance to replace antitumor drugs. We performed the MTT assay to assess the extract had a decrease in the growth rate of hepatoma cells depending on concentration. In particular, 100 ㎍/㎖ of the extract showed 40% of growth retardation rate. We assessed the autophagy activity to identify the inhibitory autophagy mechanism of tumor cells in the extract. This proved that the activity increases more as the concentration of the extract is higher. We conducted the Western blot test to confirmed the expression of two proteins LC3 and p62. The expression of p62 was in inverse proportion to the concentration of the extract whereas LC3-Ⅱ increased more as the concentration of the extract was higher. This showed that an increase in the autophagy relies on the conentration of the extract. We performed a test to discover the influence of the extracts on hepatoma cells transplanted to mice. The test proved that the extract triggers a significant decrease in the growth rate of tumor cells. Compared to the start of the test, the size of tumor cells with 50, 100 and 200 ㎎/㎏ of the extract respectively increased by 4, 3.7 and 3.5 times whereas in the controlling group by 6.3 times. The size of tumor cells in benign tumor controlling group increased by 3.1 times. This showed a significant decrease in the growth rate of tumor cells compared to the controlling group. We carried out the experiment of influence of the extract on the expression of two proteins LC3 and p62 in the tumor tissue transplanted into mice. The experiment showed that LC3-II increases more as the concentration of the extract is higher. However, there was a rapid decrease in p62 with 200 ㎎/㎏ of the extract compared to the controlling group. In this study, we proved that the autophagy activity of Adonis multiflora extract inhibits the growth of hepatoma cells by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, the inhibitory autophagy mechanism of tumor cells in the extract can be used as a new treatment of antitumor.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2002

The material of Rhodiola sachatinensis collected from an alpine region of the west-northern China. For analysing the effect, 1 used Rhodiola sachatinensis's rhizome and cultivated callus. In EtOAc, BuOH, $H_2O$ separation the plant showed strong antioxidative activity, but not in Hexane. The radical scavenging effect of EtOAc(RC$_{50}$,35(g), BuOH(RC$_{50}$, 43(g), H$_2$0(RC$_{50}$, 50(g) fraction and MeOH extract(RC$_{50}$, 50(g) of the Rhodiola sachatinensis was comparable to that of synthetic antioxidant BHA(RC$_{50}$, 14(g) and $\alpha$-Tocopherol(RC$_{50}$, 12(g). Total amino acid concentration of plant of In nature condition were 18,009ppm, and major components were arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and valine. The ratio of essential/total amino acid on plant of In nature condition was 46.93%. Total amino acid concentration of callus of In vitro condition were 32,435ppm, and major components were valine, histidine, lysine and leucine. The ratio of essential/total amino acid on callus of In vitro condition was 56.07%. was 56.07%.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2009

In the course of a searching natural antifungal compounds from plant seeds, we found that the methanol extract of Psoralea corylifolia seeds showed potent control efficacy against tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans and wheat leaf rust Puccinia recondita. Under bioassay-guided purification, we isolated two furanocoumarins, psoralen and isopsoralen, with anti-oomycete activity against P. infestans. By 1-day protective application, both compounds strongly reduced the disease development of P. infestans on tomato seedlings, but hardly controlled development of leaf rust on wheat seedlings. This is the first report on the anti-oomycete activity of P. corylifolia as well as that of psoralen and isopsoralen.