• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

Field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of liquid compost supplemented with chemical fertilizer on the rice growth and yield in 2005. Treatments consisted of liquid compost supplemented with chemical fertilize.(LCSC), liquid manure(LM), chemical fertilizer(CF), LCSC 50% + 50%CF, LCSC 75% + 25%CF. The plant height and tiller's number in plots of 100% basal application plot by LCSC and LM plot were lower than that of chemical fertilizer. But in the plot of basal application by LCSC and top dressing by chemical fertilizer, the height and tilters of rice were significantly difference with LM application plot. And the leaf color the plots by LCSC and chemical fertilizer was darker than that of the LM application plot. In plots by LCSC treatment, number of panicles per hill was higher that of LM plot. As the plot of 100% basal application by LCSC was fertilized, the yield of rice was decreased compared with chemical fertilizer. But the rice yield of basal fertilization by LCSC and top-dressing by chemical fertilizer was 7% increased compared with LM plot. The application plots by LCSC + chemical fertilizer plot were maintained productivity of rice, the rice should be fertilized with the basal application of LCSC and top-dressing of chemical fertilizer. The quality of brown rice was best in LM and LCSC plot, whereas in chemical fertilizer plot, it was the worst by increased of protein content. The results indicates that the application of LCSC + chemical fertilizer improves quality of rice rather quantity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

Methylmercury, an organic derivative, is the principal form of mercury that biomagnifies and causes neurodegenerative symptoms in animals. In recent years, living modified organism (LMO) resulting from biotechnology has played a highly visible and controversial role. Despite the potential benefits of this technology, public concerns have been raised about the environmental risk of LMO. The concern on the risk from LMO release has urged efforts to evaluate and manage the risks of the LMO. To build up the capacity building of risk assessment method for LMO used environmental remediation, we engineered Solanum nigrum L, expressing the modified bacterial gene, merB, encoding organomercurial lyase. Two independently isolated transgenic lines produced merB RNA. Transgenic Solanum nigrum leaf discs expressing merB gene showed organic mercury resistance, forming shoots well on growth medium containing $0.5{\mu}M$ methylmercury (II) chloride and $1{\mu}M$ phenylmercuric acetate while control plants breached. Transgenic merB seeds germinated and grew on growth medium containing $2{\mu}M$ methylmercury (II) chloride and phenylmercuric acetate. The merB transgenic plants will be used for risk assessment of natural environment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

To develop natural food preservatives, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from chestnut. Antimicrobial activities were examined about 10 microoganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-poisoning microoganisms, food-related bacteria and yeasts. Ethanol extract exhibited the antimicrobial activity for the microoganisms tested, except lactic acid bacteria and yeast Especially, minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of the ethanol extracts were determined as 0.5 mg/mL in chestnut leaf and 1.0 mg/mL in chestnut balk against bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts was not destroyed by the heating at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and not affected by pH $3{\sim}9$. The ethanol, extract of chestnut exhibiting the high antimicrobial activities was fractionated in the other of diethylether and butanol fractions. The highest antimicrobial activity against bacteria was shown in the ethanol fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.443-456
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• 2003

The lyophilization of the solution extracted from 60 percent of acetone applied to persimmon leaves, the compounding process in accordance with the solution's concentration, and the gel filteration through Sephadex G-50 of biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity, such as tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase, and angiotesin converting enzyme (ACE) led to the assumption that polyphenol was the compound serving as biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity. Xanthine oxidase involved in pruine metabolism oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. In the continuous study for natural compound, nine flavan-3-ols have been isolated from the persimmon leaves. The structures of (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, procyanidin B-1, pyrocyanidin C-1, prodelphinidin B-3, gallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-catechin, procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-catechin were established by NMR and their inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity was investigated. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-catechin and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 94%, 90.69%, 80.90% inhibition at $100\;({\mu})M$ and inhibited on the angiotensin converting enzyme respectively. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 66%, 63% inhibition at $100\;({\mu})M$ and inhibited on the xanthine oxidase competitively. Procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 70% inhibition at $100\;({\mu})M$ and inhibited on the tyrosinase competitively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 2007

Floret flowering of a monocarpic plant Orostachys japonicus should be controlled to change its harvest time. The study was done to clarify the effect of pinching time of inflorescence with many florets (Aug. 25, Sept. 8 and 22, Oct. 4) on its growth, morphological characters, and flowering. Night-break treatment of 2 hours at midnight were done since Aug. 25 when afterward samples were taken every 2 weeks to Nov. 4. Growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured from each sample. Plant height, inflorescence length and number of leaves including bracts showed significant difference between the treatments because they were sharply increased until each pinching time. Stem diameter did nearly same. Leaf and bract, floret, shoot and total dry weights had similar response to the plant height, but stem and root dry ones did similar response to the stem diameter. Most florets were removed by the pinching treatments after formed ones were increased until each pinching time. Few florets were left after the treatment, meaning that night-break treatment after that could be skipped.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2013

The nutrients and antioxidative activities of fruits and leaves from Metasequoia glyptostroboides were investigated to provide basic data for the future development of functional foods. The nitrogen-free extract contents of fruit and leaves were 69.04% and 50.47%, respectively. Total phenolic content was higher in leaves (21.75 mg/GAE g) compared to the fruit (19.95 mg/GAE g). The mineral components of fruit and leaves mainly consisted of calcium (2,136.08 and 304.85 mg/100 g, respectively), potassium (1,355.53 and 1,144.04 mg/100 g, respectively), and phosphorous (426.30 and 350.50 mg/100 g, respectively). In terms of amino acid composition, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, and leucine were relatively high, but methionine and cystine were low. The hot water extract from leaves was a more potent free radical-scavenger and had higher reducing activities than extracts from fruit. Thus, phenolics of M. glyptostroboides leaves can be utilized as an effective functional food substance for its natural antioxidant properties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.710-717
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• 1996

To obtain the basic informations on the farm cultivation of Eleutherococcus senticosus Max., field survey of the native habitat in Mt. Deokyu such as weather, soils, vegetation and growth was carried out. The habitat of E. senticosus is situated at 127$^{\circ}$ 45'E, 35$^{\circ}$ 52' N in Mt. Deokyu where the elev-tion ranges from 1,050 to 1,300 meters above the sea level. Mean annual temperature forecasted around the habitat was 5.8$^{\circ}C$, mean maximum temperature in August, 24.6$^{\circ}C$ ; mean minimum temperature in January, -13.5$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity during the growth periods, over 95%. To divide the area according to climatic conditions was classified cool temperature and humid rain forest zone. In another view, it belonged to deciduous broad-leaf forest zone and soil texture was sandy loam with dark brown gravels. Acidity and P$_2$O$_{5}$ content of soil represented pH 5.2～5.6 and 10ppm, respectively. The growth of E. senticosus was poor under the low light intensity(relative 20% of full sun-light) at the growing place of the habitat and the propagation was conducted by root sucker. The natural vegetation was consisted of big trees, 3 species; shrubs, 8 species and herbs, 4 species.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2011

Fatty liver disease refers to a range of disorders associated with fatty liver, which occur in excessive eating, evident infection or significant consumption of alcohol. This study was to investigate the effects of water and ethanol extracts of Triticum aestivum young leaf on lipid metabolism and accumulation in liver of mice fed with high-fat diet. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal diet group, high fat diet (HFD) group, high fat diet group administrated with 200 mg/kg/day of T. aestivum water extract (HFD-TAWE) and high-fat group administrated with 200 mg/kg/day of T. aestivum ethanol extract (HFD-TAEE). TAWE and TAEE were administrated orally for 5 weeks once at the same time point. Both TAWE and TAEE significantly reduced body weight, food intake and liver tissue weight, which were augmented in high fat-fed mice. The serum levels of triglyceride, total and LDL-cholesterol also were significantly attenuated in both HFD-TAWE and HFD-TAEE groups compared to the HFD group. Moreover, administration of HFD-TAWE or HFD-TAEE reduced the lipid accumulation in liver tissue of mice fed with high fat diet. Levels of total lipids and triglyceride in liver tissues also was significantly reduced in HFDTAWE and HFD-TAEE groups compared to HFD group. The activities of serum ALT and AST revealed in HFD group were remarkedly decreased in HFD-TAEE groups. These results indicate that both water and ethanol extract of T. aestivum may improve the lipid accumulation in liver as well as lipid metabolism in serum, and that in particular, the ethanol extract of T. aestivum may has the potent anti-hyperlipidemic effect, suggesting that it may be a useful candidate for the therapy preventing fatty liver diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1162-1162
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• 2001

Whereas NIR spectroscopy has been applied in agriculture for more than 20 years, few studies refer to those plant substances occurring only in smaller amounts. Nevertheless there is a growing interest today to support efficiently activities in the production of high-quality medicinal and spice plants by this fast and non-invasive method. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to develop new NIR methods for the reliable prediction of secondary metabolites found as valuable substances in various plant species. First, sophisticated NIR methods were established to perform fast quality analyses of intact fennel, caraway and dill fruits deriving from single-plants [1]. Later on, a characterization of several leaf drugs and the corresponding fresh material has been successfully performed. In this context robust calibrations have been developed for dried peppermint, rosemary and sage leaves for the determination of their individual essential oil content and composition [2]. A specially adopted NIR method has been developed also for the analysis of carnosic acid in the leaves of numerous rosemary and sage gene bank accessions. Carnosic acid is an antioxidative substance for which several health promoting properties including cancer preservation are assumed. Also some other calibrations have been developed for non-volatile substances such as aspalathin (in unfermented rooibos leaves), catechins (in green tea) and echinacoside (in different Echinacea species) [3]. Some NIR analyses have also been successfully performed on fresh material, too. In spite of the fact that these measurements showed less accuracy in comparison to dried samples, the calibration equations are precise enough to register the individual plant ontogenesis and genetic background. Based on the information received, the farmers and breeders are able to determine the right harvest time (when the valuable components have reached their optimum profile) and to select high-quality genotypes during breeding experiments, respectively. First promising attempts have also been made to introduce mobile diode array spectrometers to collect the spectral data directly on the field or in the individual natural habitats. Since the development of reliable NIRS methods in this special field of application is very time-consuming and needs continuous maintenance of the calibration equations over a longer period, it is convenient to supply the corresponding calibration data to interested user via NIRS network. The present status of all activities, preformed in this context during the last three years, will be presented in detail.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to select and utilize the tolerant rice varieties for ozone stress through comparing the physiological responses. In SOD activity, Backunchalbyeo which treated once by 0.15 ppm $0_3$, Ilpumbyeo and Inbujinado treated twice showed significantly different SOD activity compared with $non-O_3$ treatment. No significant difference of SOD activity in three-times $0_3$ treated Sangnambatbyeo and Hangangchalbyeo was found as compared to ($non-O_3$ treated)control, POD activity, when Sangnammbatbyeo, Hangsngchalbyeo, Ilpumbyeo and Inbujinado were sequently treated by third ozone, showed no significant difference between $O_3$ treatment and $non-O_3$. In the comparison of amino acid content in rice leaf blade between three times $O_3$ treatment and $non-0_3$ treatment in 3 varieties, phenylalanine content represent as increased quantities. Especially, in three times $0_3$ treatment of Sangnambatbyeo, phenylalanine content(O.66 mg/g) was significantly increased as compared with $non-O_3$. Visual-growing characters of Sangnembatbyeo were significantly different between $0_3$ treatment and non-treatment. However, grain-filling rate showed no difference. SOD and POD related to resistant mechanism were high activity. In addition, phenylalanine known as precursor which is synthesized resistant materials was increased by $0_3$ treatment. These results suggested that Sangnambatbyeo which increased SOD and POD activity, and phenylalanine content under ozone stress could be selected as a tolerant variety.