• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2020

Due to the fact that Bingöl province is at the intersection of the North Anatolian Fault and the Eastern Anatolian Fault, the seismicity of the region is important. In this study, probabilistic seismic hazard analyzes (PSHA) were conducted to cover the boundaries of Bingöl province. It occurred since 1900, the seismicity of the region was obtained statistically by considering the earthquake records with a magnitude greater than 4 and the Gutenberg-Richter correlation. In the study, magnitude-frequency relationship, seismic hazard and repetition periods were obtained for certain time periods (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 years). Once a project area determined in this study, which may affect the peak ground acceleration according to various attenuation relationships are calculated and using the Turkey Earthquake Hazard Map, average acceleration value for Bingöl province were determined. As a result of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the project earthquakes with a probability of exceeding 50 years indicate that the magnitude of the project earthquake is 7.4 and that the province is in a risky area in terms of seismicity. The repetition periods of earthquakes of 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5 are 42, 105, 266 and 670 years respectively. Within the province of Bingöl; the probability of exceeding 50 years is 2%, 10% and 50%, while the peak ground acceleration values are 1.03 g, 0.58 g and 0.24 g. As a result, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis shows that the seismicity of the region is high and the importance of considering the earthquake effect during construction is emphasized for this region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.509-512
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• 2003

Our country is serious difference of precipitation seasonally and about 66% of yearly mean rainfall is happening in concentration rainfall form between September on June. It requires consideration because of a lot of natural disasters by this downpour are produced. Slope failure is happened by artificial factor of creation of slope according to the land development, fill slope etc. and natural factor of rainfall, topography, nature of soil, soil quality, rock floor. Usually, Direct factor of failure slope is downpour. In this study, the Slope about among 55 places happened failure by downpour investigated occurrence position, geological etc and executed and inquire into character of rainfall connected with failure slope. Among character of rainfall, executed analysis about Max. hourly rainfall and cumulative rainfall of place that failure slope is situated and grasped the geological character of failure slope. Through this, inquire to character of failure slope by rainfall and take advantage of basis study for Hazard map creation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.707-714
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• 2024

Different degrees of natural radioactivity found in quartz can have negative consequences on health. Quartz vein along the investigated Abu Ramad area, Egypt, had its natural radioactivity assessed. The HPGe spectrometer was used to determine the role played by the radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in the gamma radiation that was emitted, and the results showed that these concentrations are 484.64 ± 288.4, 36.8 ± 13.1 and 772.2 ± 134.6 Bq kg^-1 were higher than the corresponding reported global limits of 33, 45, and 412 Bq kg^-1 for each radionuclide (²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K). Among the radiological hazard parameters, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) is estimated and it's mean value of ELCR (1.2) is higher than the permissible limit of 0.00029. The relationship between the radionuclides and the associated radiological hazard characteristics was investigated based on multivariate statistical methods including Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). According to statistical research, the radioactive risk of quartz is primarily caused by the ²³⁸U, ²³²Thand ⁴⁰K. Finally, applying quartz to building materials would pose a significant risk to the public.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.36
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

Different criteria for evaluating vulnerability of debris flow hazard proposed by various institutes such as Korea Forest Service(KFS), Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM), Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) and Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) were reviewed and discussed. Assessment of debris flow hazard for natural slopes around land for house development was carried out on the basis of the report about results of performing in-situ survey. Results of evaluating vulnerability of debris flow hazard by using these methods were compared to each other to discuss appropriateness of their evaluation and to recommend improvement.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.237-241
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• 2009

Yangyang Gangwon-do has begun the clearing of upland forested areas for development. This process has caused great damage from natural hazards such as landslides and flooding for many years. Moreover, proper hazard prevention strategies have not Yet been prepared. To provide useful information for developing hazard prevention strategies this study attempted to detect areas vulnerable to flooding in Yangyang using data such as topology, meteorology, history, land use, soil, hydrology, and society. It was found that roughly 30% of the study area was vulnerable to flooding. Also it was discovered that where the vulnerability index was high, there was increased amounts of flooding. The most vulnerable areas were where forests were cut and near livers. In addition, areas where frequent hazard events were reported had a high index of vulnerability. The results of this study will provide useful information in developing hazard prevention strategies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.801-810
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study is to reframe sustainability or sustainable development concept in the field of planning in consideration of climate change and natural hazards. The new concept is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for upcoming hazard mitigation measures addressing climate change. The first and main argument of the new concept is that environmental protection should be inclusive enough to address urban (or community) security from current natural hazards. The second is that the balance between structural and nonstructural mitigation measures is critical to cope more effectively with extreme natural hazards in the era of climate change and also with conflicts driven by three goals of sustainability--environmental protection, economic development, and social justice. The following studies, based on this new concept of sustainablity, are expected (1) to address new participation methods for the conflict resolution, (2) to explore detailed and substantive planning strategies and creative technical and institutional solutions for environmental protection, natural hazard mitigation, and conflict resolution. Two of APFM(the Associated Programme on Flood Management)'s three natural hazard risk criteria, Exposure and Vulnerability, may guide the exploration.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

It is a significant issue for several country including Korea, where the natural and the weather conditions are severe, to keep the safety against disasters which occur frequently every year, especially in urban region crowded with population. In order to implement suitable and effective measures against various disasters in such area, development of method for evaluation of disaster prevention performance based on various disaster risks and effective disaster damage mitigation technologies is independable. In this paper, methods for hazard evaluation, vulnerability evaluation and loss evaluation, and damage technologies are proposed targetting man-made disaster and natural one like flood, earthquake and tsunami and so on. The method proposed in this paper is based on the research of USA and Japan for man-made disaster and natural disaster. The proposed method will be developed in detail in four years during research period funded by government.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.579-592
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• 2017

This study assessed the quantitative microbial risk of non-enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). For hazard identification, hazards of non-EHEC E. coli in natural and processed cheeses were identified by research papers. Regarding exposure assessment, non-EHEC E. coli cell counts in cheese were enumerated, and the developed predictive models were used to describe the fates of non-EHEC E. coli strains in cheese during distribution and storage. In addition, data on the amounts and frequency of cheese consumption were collected from the research report of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. For hazard characterization, a doseresponse model for non-EHEC E. coli was used. Using the collected data, simulation models were constructed, using software @RISK to calculate the risk of illness per person per day. Non-EHEC E. coli cells in natural- (n=90) and processed-cheese samples (n=308) from factories and markets were not detected. Thus, we estimated the initial levels of contamination by Uniform distribution ${\times}$ Beta distribution, and the levels were -2.35 and -2.73 Log CFU/g for natural and processed cheese, respectively. The proposed predictive models described properly the fates of non-EHEC E. coli during distribution and storage of cheese. For hazard characterization, we used the Beta-Poisson model (${\alpha}=2.21{\times}10^{-1}$, $N_{50}=6.85{\times}10^7$). The results of risk characterization for non-EHEC E. coli in natural and processed cheese were $1.36{\times}10^{-7}$ and $2.12{\times}10^{-10}$ (the mean probability of illness per person per day), respectively. These results indicate that the risk of non-EHEC E. coli foodborne illness can be considered low in present conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.60-66
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• 1995

The treatability of Japanese larch heartwood was assessed by pressure treatment of non-incised dimension material with CCA or CCFZ. The effectiveness of incising(conventional, high density, and needle incising) for improving CCA treatability on refractory Japanese larch heartwood was also investigated. Preservative retention and penetration were somewhat greater with CCFZ treatment, although those was generally poor in both preservatives. The retention gradients for both CCA and CCFZ-treated stock were essentially the same shape. Treatment of non-incised material with CCA acheived the recommended treatability for using treated wood at the regions of hazard class H2 in the Japanese Agricultural Standards. However, Japanese larch heartwood would require incising as a pretreatment for enhancing treatability, if CCA-treated larch is intended to be used at the regions of hazard class H3 and H4. As expected, incising resulted in a considerable improvement of preservative treatability, particularly penetration, and the effect of incising on the improvement of treatability was excellent at the sequence of needle incising, high density incising, and conventional incising. Among incising techniques investigated in this study, high density and needle incising enhanced CCA treatability beyond the point where it did meet a minimum requirements specified by the Japanese Agricultural Standards for using CCA-treated Japanese larch at the regions of hazard class H3 and even H4.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.355-366
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• 2024

Severe natural multi-hazard events can cause damage to infrastructure and economic losses of billions of dollars. The challenges of modeling these losses include dependency between hazards, cause and sequence of loss, and lack of available data. This paper presents and explores multi-hazard loss modeling in the context of the combined wind and rain vulnerability of mid/high-rise buildings during hurricane events. A component-based probabilistic vulnerability model provides the framework to test and contrast two different approaches to treat the multi-hazards: In one, the wind and rain hazard models are both decoupled from the vulnerability model. In the other, only the wind hazard is decoupled, while the rain hazard model is embedded into the vulnerability model. The paper presents the mathematical and conceptual development of each approach, example outputs from each for the same scenario, and a discussion of weaknesses and strengths of each approach.