• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.40-49
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• 2002

The objective of this research is to suggest the appropriate natural environment conservation facility management plan in Korea through development of the proper definition and categorization. Bearing the above objective, this study employs the comparison and analysis between domestic and international case studies. Furthermore, several survey methods have been adopted as check-lists for the evaluation of the sample sites and quantitative interviews with government officials and visitors to investigate their perspectives. On the consequence, firstly it was found that considering ecological types and objectives, the proper applicability of natural environment conservation facility could be disaggregated into three types of eco-park, eco-experience and education, and eco-observation facility. Secondly, based on the interview results, the necessity of provision of the natural environment conservation facilities was strongly found among the governmental officials and the residents groups who also expect the expansion of the facilities. Lastly, it appears necessary that the expansion of supporting projects and programs on the natural environment conservation facilities, the estimation and provision of the appropriate funding for monitoring, management and operation, the arrangement of resident experts, and activation of the nature environment education programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to suggest the spatial model which can be applied to the tourism farm plan. This study includes : (1) the analysis of existing facilities and activities of 22 tourism farms in Kyunggido and (2) the survey questionnaire about user's attitudes in 3 tourism farms. The results can be summarized as follows : 1) The .Major activities in the tourism farm are the resting/playing based on the natural environment and group meeting. 2) Average area is 17879.4uf (5418 坪). The most frequent facility is restaurant and lodge. 3) It is necessary to propose various types of tourism farm considering both natural conservation and development of rural region and users'various wants. The tourism farms are officially classified into four types Natural education type, Mind and body training type, Weekend farm type, Recreation type. 4) The space for tourism farm is divided into an area of production, and area of processing, and an area of convenience/recreation. 5) It is desired the convenience facilities are located in front of a farm, and the area of production is located at the back of a farm, and simple rest facilities are located all of the farm. 6) The weekend farm model and processing/convenient facility model are proposed in this study. Three types of the weekend farm models are proposed - simple type, composite type, and garden type. Three types of the processing/convenient models are proposed one building type, adjacent building type, and scattered building type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

The city of Siheung in the Kyunggi-do Province has various natural resources such as the ocean, mountains, wide farmland, various types of wetlands, streams and rivers. In addition, the city has a big greenbelt, which consists of two-thirds of the area, where development has been regulated. Since the city has a relatively well-preserved natural environment, it offers a great potential for regional development. The purpose of this study is to create an eco-tourism resource plan for the Mulwang reservoir, which offers many opportunities for ecotourism in the city of Siheung. This study includes a literature review for planning elements and suggests a comprehensive plan that includes conservation, eco-restoration, route program and practice program for ecotourism in and around the site. The plan also includes eco-farming, a visitor center, an ecovillage, the chance to experience livestock farming, opportunities to learn about and experience the forest, tracking, eco-learning, an environmental interpretation facility, fishing and aquatic-oriented leisure activities. This study's process and results show possibilities that can be applied to other areas where eco-tourism using natural resources is used for regional development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.48-63
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• 2008

This research is to apply suitable natural ecosystem evaluation criteria in order to develop the ecosystem conservation, restoration and ways to build substitute habitats as a compensation plan for damaged soundly natural ecosystems in small-scale projects such as resource recovery facility, filtration, etc. The environmental ecology evaluation i.e. generally based on their actual vegetation, community structure, wildlife, water system survey were measured the primary plans for reflecting unique natural environment level of site. As a result, it is necessary to conserve the land in fallow type of wetland, good conservative condition of deciduous forest, wetlanded watercourse for amphibia and reptiles crossing. However, the plan of filtration plant was destroyed wetland(sound ecosystem), natural forest, asian toad spawning area. According to the result of it schemed to build alternative wetland and spawning area, plan to healthy ecosystem and surface soil transplantation as compensation plan. The alternative wetland and spawning area are not only created a various water levels like depth of water is $0{\sim}30cm,\;30{\sim}60cm$, more than 1.5m but also it leads to asian toad spawning and wildlife inhabitant. Moreover, the ecosystem and surface soil transplantation be applied to use the Quercus acutissima forest resources(114 upper trees, 71 canopy trees, 401 shrubs) and surface soil$(5,072m^3)$ in ecology creation sets.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.481-488
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• 2011

Various development activities have lead to the destruction of the ecosystem such as natural wetlands. In order to protect these natural wetlands, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Korea enacted the Wetland Conservation Act in 1999 and designated protected areas for wetland conservation. The MOE adapted the use of Best Management Practices (BMP) such as retention ponds and constructed wetlands to treat the polluted water before entering the water system. One of these projects was a free-water surface flow (FWS) constructed wetland built as a secondary treatment unit for piggery wastewater effluent coming from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. Water quality monitoring for the constructed wetland was conducted during rainfall events. The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of TSS, BOD, TN, TP were 86, 60, 45, 70%, respectively. It was observed that the removal efficiency of particulate matter and phosphorus was high compared to nitrogen. Therefore, a longer hydraulic retention time was needed in order to improve the treatment efficiency of nitrogen. The results of this study can contribute to the wetland design, operation and maintenance of constructed wetlands.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2013

Protected area based ecotourism is now the most interesting topic to the nature lover and policy maker throughout the world because of its linkage with economic benefits, protected area management and biodiversity conservation. Based on this premise our study explores the visitors' perception on the recreational potential of Kaptai National park and its potentiality in ecotourism development in Bangladesh. The field survey was carried out both in holidays and non-holidays of the week from the late winter season in 2009 to the spring season in 2010. A total of 118 visitors were interviewed with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. Study findings revealed that about 62% male constitute the visitors group with the maximum number of visitors in the age of between 15-25 years (35.59%). The tourists were very much attracted by boat riding (93.22%) followed by scenic beauty of Rampahar-Sitapahar (85.59%). A major portion of about 57.14% tourists wished to visit the park within a year because they got a lot of pleasure from Natural and green environment (86.44%) followed by boating on Kaptai Lake (85.59%). Most of the visitors (36%) were happy about existing facilities but defined some problems such as tour guiding facility, food and drinking water supply, etc. About 71% and 66% respondents perceived that Kaptai National Park made them to be concerned and protective of nature and supports and sustains local ecosystem respectively and 43% respondents agreed that Kaptai National Park ensures the social equity and involve local people in ecotourism which are the most important elements of sustainable ecotourism. The present study results also predict that the park might be a good recreational area for enjoying with family members and group of friends through proper management and promoting the relationships among tourism, local people and biodiversity conservation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.321-332
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems and present the improvement measures by assessing the suitability of planning of provincial natural parks on a legal basis. We assessed the suitability of 29 provincial parks to examine the suitability of park planning (special-purpose district planning and facilities planning) according to the Natural Park Act, implementation of the park projects, and registration of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System (KRAS) for park management and obtained the following results. In the case of the park nature conservation districts among the special-purpose districts, 24.1 % (7 parks) were not feasible or decided the park facility that was larger than the planned area. The amended law requires the park cultural heritage district as a new special-purpose district, but 41.2% did not designate the district or failed to comply with the standard. Moreover, there was a problem of establishing or announcing the plan that was unsuitable for the management of park village district (former collective facilities district). Although provincial parks are categorized as the restricted area, the park facility plans still focus on regional development and tourism development, and the titles (names) of the park facilities are wrong. The law requires digitalization and disclosure of park plans, but many parks fail to abide by the law. We judge that it is necessary to develop effective provincial park planning and establish the measures to protect and manage the provincial parks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trail deterioration conditions and to obtain the informations for the desirable maintenance and restoration of the trails in Woraksan National Park. To accomplish the purpose, not only trail condition such as altitude, entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail, but also deterioration types of trail were surveyed at the total 111 points for 13.5km in length on the four access trails to Yeongbong which is the main peak of Woraksan. Furthermore, impact rating class, which could be effective means to check the step and extent of deterioration process, was judged on each points of trail. Results informs us that the deterioration condition of the trail in Woraksan National Park is not reached the lev- el of grave concern yet, but the active counterplan to change over from the safety-centric facility station to the integrated and organized restoration aiming to natural environment conservation is urgently needed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1997

Nowadays, the environmental conservation has become a hot issue. Also the sustainable city issue is recognized as one of the most important tasks to be solved urgently for urban development. Therefore, the current indicator for sustainable city has been analyzed only as a segment of the environmental indicator which is one kind of branch of social indicator. However, considering the degree of pollution and heightened concern, it is time to develop a new and improved framework for the analysis of the sustainable city indicator. This study aims for the development of sustainable city indicator and the examination of practical method for the use of them. Urban sustainable city indicators are based on the "Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework" which has been adopted by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The indicators suggested in this study is composed of the following categories: 1. Indicators of natural environment itself, such as land structure (available land use index etc.), bio-species (bio-diversity index etc.), environment resources (water quantity index etc.) 2. Indicators of relationship between man and environment, such as sustainability of using material (recycle of water index etc.), pressure size (pressure index on air etc.), effort of prevention (environmental basic facility index, etc.) 3. Indicators of environmental state, such as landscape and culture (historical & cultural index etc.), environmental pollution (air pollution index etc.) A sustainable city environment is necessary and obtainable, yet its realization seems to be difficult. The urban pollution problems have become more serious than ever before thus requiring much interest. Therefore, this kind of study is meaningful for the establishment of policy objective, and the development and management environmentally sound and sustainable cities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.656-664
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• 2018

The following study was conducted to determine the optimal location in terms of efficiency for solar energy facilities, and to propose a policy implications for the orientation of the installments. 92 cases in Jeollanam-do Province were selected. A regression analysis was performed between the average electricity generation time as the dependent variable, and the facility, weather and site conditions as the independent variables. As a result, 5 variables were deemed significant. Larger site areas, closer proximity to rivers, islands, oceans, etc., least south-oriented, higher average wind speed, and facilities in agricultural land use and natural environment conservation land use had the highest efficiency. This study minimized the possibility of secure databases and errors following facility types, and was limited in the number of sites studied, since this was only conducted in Jeollanam-do Province. Nevertheless, these conclusions still offer important policy implications for determining the most optimal location for solar energy facilities.