• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1158-1174
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 2009년에 시행된 까오카오의 구성 및 출제의 기본 원칙과 범위, 검사지 구성 등 을 파악하고, 문항 유형, 특이 사항 등을 분석하였다. 또한 까오카오 전국권1과 전국권2의 이과 종합 및 상해 이과 종합과 상해 화학 문항을 수능과 관련하여 내용 수준 및 행동 요소별로 분석하였고, 아울러 우리나라 수험생의 관점에서 예상 정답률을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 까오카오 전국권 시험의 이과종합은 시험시간이 총 150분이며 300점 만점이고 상해 이과종합과 화학은 총 120분이며 각각 150점 만점이다. 또한 선택형 문항과 서답형 문항을 포함하고 있으며 서답형 문항은 실험 문제, 단답형과 서술형 문제 등 다양한 문제 유형으로 이루어져 있다. 이과종합 시험은 물리, 화학, 생물로 구성되어 있으며 우리나라 수능과 달리 지구과학 내용은 포함되어 있지 않다. 기본적인 이해나 관찰 능력부터 추리나 종합적인 사고 능력을 요구하고 있으며, 특히 실험 능력을 강조하고 있다. 시험의 출제 내용은 교육과정이 아닌 출제 요강에서 제시하고 있으며, 대체로 우리나라 고등학교까지의 교육과정 수준을 벗어나는 대학 수준의 비율이 다소 높았다. 행동 영역에 따른 분석에서 이해와 적용에 해당하는 문항의 비율이 우리나라 수능에 비해 매우 높게 나타났으나 탐구 설계 및 수행에 해당하는 문항의 경우는 비율이 높지는 않지만 매우 심도 있게 탐구 영역을 다루고 있다. 예상 정답률의 경우 전국권1과 전국권2의 예상 정답률 분포가 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 예상 정답률이 20 39%에 해당하는 어려운 문항이 우리나라 수능과 비교할 때 4~5배로 높아 어렵게 출제되는 것으로 평가된다. 특이 사항으로는 까오카오 문항이 실험 능력을 강조하고 있으며 일상생활과 관련된 문항도 낮은 비율이지만 생활에 유용하게 출제되고 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1971

For the measurement on the fat content if University Students, an intensive examination was conducted on a total of 3,030 students(male 2,577, female 453), from 16 to 25 years of age. The subjects were all students who had passed the written entrance examination for Seoul National University. Total Body Fat amount was measurement by skin-fold thickness with a skin-fold caliper(Manufactured by Cambridge Scientific Industrial Inc. U.S.A.) at four sites of the body, and it was calculated by Kim's and Lee's regression equation. As a result of this survey, the following conclusions were obtained; 1. Physical Measurements: i) The average of body height by anthropometric was male $167.95{\pm}4.85cm$ and female $156.03{\pm}4.56cm$. ii) The average body weight by anthropometric was male $56.42{\pm}5.65kg$ and female $51.29{\pm}5.34kg$. iii) The average of chest-girth by anthropometric was male $89.95{\pm}5.33cm$ and female $81.36{\pm}4.89cm$. iv) The average of sitting-height by anthropometric was male $91.23{\pm}4.98cm$ and female $86.18{\pm}4.15cm$. v) The average of arm circumference by anthropometric was male $23.76{\pm}2.17cm$ and female $22.39{\pm}1.79cm$. In all cases the male measurements were higher than the female. 2. The mean skin-fold thickness measured with a large skin-fold caliper was; At the sub-scapular: male $11.54{\pm}4.84mm$ and female $14.07{\pm}4.49mm$, Abdominal: male $10.36{\pm}7.09mm$ and female $14.95{\pm}5.47mm$, Lumbar; male $12.55{\pm}6.44mm$ and female $17.02{\pm}6.57mm$, Upper arm: male $6.28{\pm}3.71mm$ and female $11.62{\pm}3.99mm$, Total average: male $10.18{\pm}5.52mm$ and female $14.41{\pm}5.13mm$, in all cases the female measurements were higher than the male. 3. Data on body fat amounts according to body fat weight regression equation were: in male: Fat weight=10.56kg, Fat free weight=45.86kg, Fat weight/Total body mass(%)=18.71%, (Body fat amount %), Fat weight/Fat free weight(%)=23.02%, Fat free weight/Total body mass(%)=81.29%. in female: Fat weight=12.23kg, Fat free weight=39.06kg, Fat weight/Total body mass(%)=23.85%, Fat weight/Fat free weight(%)=31.31%, Fat free weight/Total body mass(%)=76.15%. The females value was higher than the males.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2012

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to survey the radiographic exposure parameters, to measure the patient doses for intraoral dental radiography nationwide, and thus to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in intraoral dental X-ray examination in Korea. Materials and Methods: One hundred two intraoral dental radiographic machines from all regions of South Korea were selected for this study. Radiographic exposure parameters, size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration of machine, and type of dental X-ray machine were documented. Patient entrance doses (PED) and dose-area products (DAP) were measured three times at the end of the exit cone of the X-ray unit with a DAP meter (DIAMENTOR M4-KDK, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography, and corrections were made for room temperature and pressure. Measured PED and DAP were averaged and compared according to the size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration, and type of dental X-ray machine. Results: The mean exposure parameters were 62.6 kVp, 7.9 mA, and 0.5 second for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography. The mean patient dose was 2.11 mGy (PED) and 59.4 $mGycm^2$ (DAP) and the third quartile one 3.07 mGy (PED) and 87.4 $mGycm^2$ (DAP). Doses at university dental hospitals were lower than those at dental clinics (p<0.05). Doses of digital radiography (DR) type were lower than those of film-based type (p<0.05). Conclusion: We recommend 3.1 mGy (PED), 87.4 $mGycm^2$ (DAP) as the DRLs in adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography in Korea.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1183-1193
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• 2008

Today, environmental pollution and destruction due to the industrialization of our modem society have been the global issues. Although now we can lead affluent lives through science technologies and economic development, these environmental problems have resulted in striking the harmonious balance between human beings and nature and threatened human lives with abnormal weather caused by the global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, and El Nino phenomenon, acid rain, decrease in species diversity, movement of hazardous materials, and harmful waste increase. We are aware of the importance of environmental education, but in reality, it seems impossible to implement appropriate environmental education on account of our educational climate which exclusively focuses on the entrance examination. However, environmental education is the most ultimate solution for those problems in that only when students understand our environment fully and grow habits to protect it through environmental education, the present environmental problems can be solved and more serious problems that can be resulted in the future can possibly be prevented. Thus, this study has examined the effect of using image media in the environment subject on students' environmental sensitivity. According to the results, it was shown that it had positive effects on 'sensitivity of environment', 'attitudes towards environment', and 'environmental affinitive behaviors'.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 본 연구는 영재선발도구로서 지필 검사 문항의 적합성에 대한 검토를 위해 초등과학영재교육원의 학생 선발에 지난 3년간 사용된 지필 검사 문항들을 대상으로 문항 분석을 하여, 영재교육 대상자 선발 방법에 대한 새로운 전형방식에 주는 교훈을 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 문항 분석 결과, 평균 문항 난이도와 변별도는 대체로 양호한 편이었으며, 교과 및 내용별로도 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 서술형 문항이 객관형 문항에 비해 어렵게 출제되었으며, 변별력이 높았던 것으로 분석되었다. 특정 문항들과 총점과의 상관관계에서 객관형 문항의 경우는 물질 문항과, 자료변환 및 자료해석 문항에서 가장 높은 상관이 나타났으며, 서술형 문항의 창의성 문항이 총점과의 상관이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 선발 시험에 응시한 학생들의 성별의 따른 차이를 t 검증으로 분석한 결과, 자료변환 및 자료해석과 창의성에서 남학생의 평균이 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 2004년 4월 1일부터 시행된 EBS 수능 강의에 대한 객관적인 분석을 위해 EBS의 협조를 얻어 EBS 수능 강의 시스템에 실제로 누적된 데이터를 분석하였다. 즉, 강좌 개설 현황이나 강사 배치 현황, 회원 현황 등을 분석하였고, 강좌 이용 현황을 연도별로 구분하여 분석하였다. 또한, 사설 온라인 학원의 수강료와 비교하여 EBS 수능 강의 이용에 대한 경제적 가치를 추산하였다. 아울러, 게시판 이용 현황을 분석하여 상담원 배치의 적절성을 진단하였으며, 2008년 새 대입제도 도입에 따른 EBS의 대응 방안을 진단하기 위해 논술 이용 현황 등을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 EBS 수능 강의가 보다 활성화되기 위한 개선 방안을 다양하게 제시하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.695-706
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• 2019

This study conducted a case study on the process-centered evaluation competency of a middle-school/high-school science teacher using Teacher's Process-centered Evaluation Competency (T-PEC) measurement tool. The case analysis shows that teacher A in a middle school represents high competency of process-centered evaluation planning and cooperative communication while the competency of utilizing process-centered evaluation results is low owing to the characteristics of non-standardized areas. Teacher B in a high school shows high level of cooperative communication competency whereas low level of process-centered evaluation execution competency because the freedom given to students is not enough during the process of evaluation. The teacher also shows very low level of utilizing process-centered evaluation results due to the lack of time and the school culture not giving feedback to the students. According to cross-case analysis, teacher A and B both represent the highest level of collaborative communication competency and the lowest level of utilization process-centered evaluation results competency. And the lack of clear criteria for process-centered evaluation leads to different understanding of process-centered evaluation between the two teachers, and teacher B shows low the level of utilizing process-centered evaluation affects results due to the students not being concerned on feedback, security problem, and the reality focusing on the university entrance examination in high schools. Based on the results, this study suggests providing clear guidelines of process-centered evaluation to teachers, introducing an application in order to solve the time-lack problem pointed out as the biggest problem of process-centered evaluation, ensuring objectivity and security about process-centered evaluation results, and building the school culture such as the expanded application of standardized areas in order to implementing process-centered evaluation.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.343-363
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• 2008

본 연구는 과학영재교육원에 선발된 과학영재아동 297명을 대상으로 이들의 창의성과 동기와의 관련성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 본 연구대상 과학영재아동은 창의적 특성과 학습동기가 높고 도전적인 상황에서 회피하기보다 적극적으로 대처하는 경향을 보였지만 외부적 동기인 경쟁동기도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 과학영재 여학생의 창의성 점수가 남학생보다 높았으며, 반면 남학생이 여학생보다 경쟁동기가 더 높았다. 세째, 과학영재아동의 창의적 동기는 학습동기와는 정적상관을, 회피동기와는 부적인 상관을, 그리고 경쟁동기와는 상관을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 영재아 지도에 있어서 경쟁이나 비교보다 자발적인 동기와 흥미를 갖는 과제를 학습하도록 하여야 함을 시사한다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

Purpose: The characteristics of spatial allocation planning in dentistry through examining the dental hospitals in Korea and comparison between them are necessary for the development of planning of the dental healthcare system. This study has been started to provide basic informations such as zoning, allocation distribution, and space configuration for the planning of dental hospital architecture. Methods: Literature review of dental care departments and investigation on current status of dental hospital in Korea have been conducted. The spatial allocation and space configuration of eleven dental hospitals have been analyzed. Results: The result of this study can be summarized in three points. The first one is that dental hospitals in Korea are consisted with eight to eleven dental care departments and they are divided with the horizontal allocation type with three to four departments in a floor for the spatial communication or the vertical allocation type with a department in each floor for the independent space. The second one is that oral medicine and oral maxillofacial radiology are located near the main entrance, orthodontics and pedodontic dentistry in lower level, prosthodontics in upper level, and conservative dentistry and periodontics have no specific spatial consideration. The third one is that the factors to consider the allocation planning are zoning for examination & diagnosis, basic practice, adolescence, surgery, circulations for patient, dentist, staff, different access for department like as easy access for reception and pedodontic dentistry, enclosure space for prosthodontics and surgery, frequency of visit and treatment care time, and change of treatment concept from treatment department to disease control corporative practice. Implications: This study is the starting point for the research of spatial configuration in dentistry and it is necessary to analyze the architectural planning to develop the dental healthcare system.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.61-78
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• 2003

This research was conducted to identify the factors that cause school related stress among middle school students, and to develop countermeasures in order to prevent the rebellious acts of middle school students that are on the rise and to pursue after effective guidance measures. To achieve these research objectives, 856 questionnaires were distributed to the two middle schools, situated in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi Province, and these questionnaires were analyzed, using the SPSS statistical package program. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Perceived factors for School Related Stress Overall average of the perceived degree school related stress factors was a level that goes beyond the normalcy. Stress on the grade was the highest Among these, the average of question items that addressed decrease in grade was the highest of all items followed by class factors, teacher-related factors, friend-related factors, and environmental factors. Accordingly, this research demonstrated that the students feel pressured by the university entrace examination and a school life that is focused on grades. The teacher-related factors and class factors were higher than the average, and others were relatively low. 2. School Related Stress according by Individual All the factors for school related stress were statistically significant difference according to the gender, and teacher-related factors, class factors, and environmental factors were statistically significant difference according to their school years. Their grade made their grade factors statistically significant difference, and the number of friends produced a statistically significant difference result on the teacher-related factors. Wheather they had extra classes or not made a statistically significant difference result on the class factors and environmental factors, and especially the time of doing physical exercises produced statistically significant difference on the environmental factors. 3. Countermeasures for School Related Stress according by Individual As for the countermeasures for school related stress according to the individuality, the active reacting was statistically significant difference according to the gender index, and the student's degree to react passively was statistically significant difference according to their grade. The students in different school years showed statistically significant difference reactions in both passive ways and active ways. students tended to react differently in an unreality index. Lastly, Wheather they had extra classes and physical exercises made then to react passively or actively. When the results are compiled, students are most affected by the stress related to grades, which reflected the university entrance examination oriented school life. An alternative is that the development of educational program that factors in the students' talents and aptitude is needed urgently. Moreover, character and career path related guidance and education are just as important as the academics. Given that the stress factors exert some degree of influence on the countermeasures, it is necessary to block the factors in advance and for all the teachers and parents to make an effort to react actively.