• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Update of road facilities database such as road sign, traffic lights, and street lights is interesting business in a local government. Recently, existing road facilities database, aerial photo and topographic map are referred for the installation and complement of road facilities. But it is difficult to comprehend road facilities' condition and additional expenses may appear in field survey. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and update road facility DB and many studies has been carried out to efficiently collect road related spatial data. In this study, the establishment of various complicated road facility DB was conducted by images that had been obtained by digital camera with a built-in bluetooth and DGPS. Results showed that road facility DB was constructed effectively and suggested the possibility of road facility management using images based on coordinate through accuracy analyses using total-station surveying. And using digital camera and DGPS is expected to effective real-time update and management of road facility DB.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.505-512
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• 2004

This study was attempted to review the information data for minimizing the destruction of environmental naturalness and the visual damage of landscape from road construction by establishing a model of environmental naturalness for national roads in the suburb areas to suggest an answer to a research question, ' hat does decide the environmental naturalness of roadscape?'. We found that 1) The road-side slope showed no statistical significance in the description of environmental naturalness of roadscape, but the fact that the road-side slope from road construction is the destruction of natural topography cannot be overlooked. 2) In terms of the direction of value variations for independent variables, signboard and telegraph post, soundproofing and protection wall, structure, and building acted toward negative (-) direction, while mountains, sky, road trees, fields, and surrounding green including the road-side slope acted toward positive(+) direction. 3) The variable with highest relative contribution to dependent variables among independent variables is building, which has importance as many as 148 times of road-side slope, while the variable road-side slope has the least importance. Building has the importance of 7.22 times, mountains 5.51 times, road trees 2.59 times, surrounding green 2.54 times, structure 2.41 times, signboard and telegraph post 2.37 times, soundproofing and protection wall 2.20 times, and sky 1.32 times of the fields as a standard criterion values 1.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.92-98
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• 2010

Virtual ground modeling is one of key topic for real-time vehicle dynamic simulation. This paper discusses about the virtual 3D road modeling process using parametric surface concept. General road data is a type of lumped position vector so interpolation process is required to compute contact of internal surface. The parametric surface has continuity and linearity within boundaries and functions are very simple to find out contact point. In this paper, the parametric surface formula is adopted to road modeling to calculate road hight. Position indexing method is proposed to reduce memory size and resource possession, and a simple mathematical method for contact patch searching is also proposed. The developed road process program is tested in dynamic driving simulation on off-road. Conclusively, the new virtual road program shows high performance of road hight computation in vast field of off-road simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

The purpose of this research presents a method to position and makes the structure for eco-corridors reasonably with collectable analysing results of various effects shown in mammals' road-kill at 429 points. Target animals of this research are Leopard cat, Siberian weasel, Raccoon dog, Korean hare, Eurasian red squirrel, Siberian chipmunk and Water deer. The results derived from the empirical analysis on the contents above are followed. First, according to the results as for Leopard cat road kill analysis, which is designated as Endangered Species Class II, the eco-corridor might be located at near village having stead food in order to decrease the frequencies of road-kill, because its road kill points were mainly collected at 4 lane hilly road with mountain-road-farm area geological type of. Second, because Siberian weasel's road kill was detected at 2 lane hilly road with mountain-road-stream geological type, the eco-corridor might be located at near a mill to decrease road-kill frequencies. Third, the road-kill frequency of Eurasian red squirrel can be reduced when the eco-corridor is located at the area across coniferous tree near 4 lane west sea freeway with mountain-road-mountain. Fourth, the road-kill of Raccoon dog can be reduced when the eco-corridor is located at 4 lane mountain road or hilly road with the geological type having farm land-road-mountain(stream). Fifth, Korean hare's road-kill can be reduced when the eco-corridor is located at grass land across ridge line of mountain, because wild rabbit road kill was happened at 4 lane mountain road or 2 lane mountain road(mountain-road-mountain). Sixth, As for Siberian chipmunk, the eco-corridor might be located at the side slope of mountain road at 2 lane mountain road under the speed of 60km/h with mountain-road-mountain. Seventh, For Water deer, the eco-corridor might be located at 4 lane hilly road with mountain-road-farm land. As for Common otter, Amur hedgehog, Yellow-throated marten, Weasel, it is difficult to specify the proper site of eco-corridor due to the lack of data. Eco-corridors for carnivores might be well located at 4 lane hilly road or 2 lane hilly road with mountain-road-farm land, and the track for herbivores might be well located as a overhead bridge on mountain-road-mountain type across mountains. In order to position eco-corridors for wildlife properly, we have to research animal's behavior with ecological background, and to consider the local uniqueness and regularly collect the empirical road-kill data in long term 3 to 5 year, which can be the foundation for the more suitable place of wild life eco-corridors.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 2011

This paper presents a system of road extraction for traffic images from a single camera. The road in the images is subject to large changes in appearance because of environmental effects. The proposed system is based on the integration of color correlograms and random forest. The color correlogram depicts the color properties of an image properly. Using the random forest, road extraction is formulated as a learning paradigm. The combined effects of color correlograms and random forest create a robust system capable of extracting the road in very changeable situations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide the basic policy information for systematic forest road planning and maintenance management by surveying two different administrator groups. The survey results showed that the high priorities of forest road planning were silviculture, disaster prevention, and timber harvesting, and main forest road type was preferred for future use. Also 92.9% of the respondents expressed difficulties due to insufficient manpower and budget. The expected damage types due to forest road construction were threat-to-life by slope failure and dispute on crossing private land. The current main maintenance tasks on forest roads included drainage and road surface maintenance works. Main forest road facilities that should be needed after the construction were installation of additional drainage structures, and slope revegetation and stabilization.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide a database for the reduction of road-kills in the Odaesan National Park. To accomplish this task, investigations were conducted on the road-kills that occurred in the period from 2003 to 2007. The results of investigations are as follows: 427 road-kill cases were reported during the period, and the road-kill victims turned out to be mostly small mammals. Among mammals and reptiles the road-kill occurrence rate of squirrels and garters was higher than that of other species, and in the case of birds, the road-kill occurrence rate of yellow-throated bunting was the highest. The road-kill accidents of mammals and reptiles took place more frequently during the summer and autumn, while those of birds during the spring and summer. The increase of road-kill occurrence rate was found to be related to the activity and breeding period of wild animals, as well as to the increase of vehicles. The occurrence rate of road-kills was also found to be influenced by the type of land use on the roadside. Furthermore, the occurrence rate increased significantly when the roads passed through dry fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest road cut-slope. From one to thirteen year elapsed forest roads in five regional areas of Chungcheong-do and Kyungsangbuk-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.5%, 0.02%, 10%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest road were the elapsed year, elevation, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Sowing plants of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Eragrostis curvula were found in the early stage of forest road-cut. Annual herbs of Youngia denticulata, Erigeron annuus, etc. were found in the 2-3 years elasped forest road-cut. Perennial herbs of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., parachute woody plants of Weigela subsessilis, Pinus densiflora, etc., and gravitative trees of Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus sp., etc. were found in the forest road cut-slope after 3 years of road-cut. Leguma of Lespedeza cureata, Amorpha fruticosa, Lespedeza bicolor, Pueraria thunbergiana, Albizzia julibrissin, etc., herbs of Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants of Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Pinus densiflora, etc. were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.115-120
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• 2006

A Korean Road Roughness Classification(KRC) method is proposed. Using a dynamic road profiling device equipped with the Accelerometer Established Inertial Profiling Reference(AEIPR) method, road profile measurement is performed on various types of public paved roads in Korea. The road profiling data are processed to classify the characteristics of Korean road roughness. The resultant Korean road roughness classification(KRC) is shown different characteristics compared to the road classification proposed by ISO, MIRA, and Wong. The proposed KRC is composed of 8 classes(A-H, very good-poor) based on the power spectral density and is in good agreements with the characteristics of Korean paved road roughness and can be used well in vehicle ride comfort simulation using domestic road profile.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2017

The additive manufacturing technology, also called 3D printing, is growing fast. There are several methods for 3D printing. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) type 3D printing is the most popular method because it is simple and inexpensive. Moreover, it can be used for printing various thermoplastic materials. However, it contains the cooling of layered road and causes thermal shrinkage. Thermal shrinkage should be controlled to obtain high-quality products. In this study, temperature distribution and cooling behavior of a layered road with cooling are studied through computer simulation. The thermal shrinkage of the layered road was simulated using the calculated temperature distribution with time. Shape variation of the layered road was predicted as cooling proceeded. Stress between the bed and the layered road was also predicted.This stress was considered as the detaching stress of the layered road from the bed. The simulations were performed for various thermal conductivities and temperatures of the layered road, bed temperature, and chamber temperature of a 3D printer. The simulation results provide detailed information about the layered road for FDM type 3D printing under operational conditions.