• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.450-459
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• 2017

This study evaluated the effects of culture conditions, including carbon and nitrogen sources, L-monosodium glutamate (MSG), and initial pH, on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by Lactobacillus brevis HYE1 isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented food. L. brevis HYE1 was screened by the production analysis of GABA and genetic analysis of the glutamate decarboxylase gene, resulting in 14.64 mM GABA after 48 h of cultivation in MRS medium containing 1% (w/v) MSG. In order to increase GABA production by L. brevis HYE1, the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on GABA production were preliminarily investigated via one-factor-at-a-time optimization strategy. As the results, 2% maltose and 3% tryptone were determined to produce 17.93 mM GABA in modified MRS medium with 1% (w/v) MSG. In addition, the optimal MSG concentration and initial pH were determined to be 1% and 5.0, respectively, resulting in production of 18.97 mM GABA. Thereafter, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimal conditions of the above four factors. The results indicate that pH was the most significant factor for GABA production. The optimal culture conditions for maximum GABA production were also determined to be 2.14% (w/v) maltose, 4.01% (w/v) tryptone, 2.38% (w/v) MSG, and an initial pH of 4.74. In these conditions, GABA production by L. brevis HYE1 was predicted to be 21.44 mM using the RSM model. The experiment was performed under these optimized conditions, resulting in GABA production of 18.76 mM. These results show that the predicted and experimental values of GABA production are in good agreement.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2010

In this paper, we tried to investigate the adjusting patterns of production fluctuation of major soybean production countries. In particular, we focus our attention on the trade transmission effect of major soybean production countries on world market. We found that the instability of world market for soybean is likely to be increased mainly due to the production fluctuation and trade transmission effect of major production countries, e.g. Brazil, Paraguay, and Canada. Most of the major production countries have adjusted the production fluctuation through consumption and trade rather than inventory management, and hence the instability of world market for soybean tends to be more instable. Therefore we need to develop the effective policy measures for making domestic soybean market more stable such as a plan for keeping domestic production, a valid inventory management strategy, a use of futures market, and a strategy to diversify import market as a large importing country.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

Although the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of bovine milk have been extensively studied, only a few studies have attempted to characterize milk-synthesizing genes using RNA-seq data. RNA-seq data was collected from 21 Holstein samples, along with group information about milk production ability; milk yield; and protein, fat, and solid contents. Meta-analysis was employed in order to generally characterize genes related to milk production. In addition, we attempted to investigate the relationship between milk related traits, parity, and lactation period. We observed that milk fat is highly correlated with lactation period; this result indicates that this effect should be considered in the model in order to accurately detect milk production related genes. By employing our developed model, 271 genes were significantly (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted p-value<0.1) detected as milk production related differentially expressed genes. Of these genes, five (albumin, nitric oxide synthase 3, RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3, secreted and transmembrane 1, and serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B) were technically validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in order to check the accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. Finally, 83 gene ontology biological processes including several blood vessel and mammary gland development related terms, were significantly detected using DAVID gene-set enrichment analysis. From these results, we observed that detected milk production related genes are highly enriched in the circulation system process and mammary gland related biological functions. In addition, we observed that detected genes including caveolin 1, mammary serum amyloid A3.2, lingual antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin 4 (CATHL4), cathelicidin 6 (CATHL6) have been reported in other species as milk production related gene. For this reason, we concluded that our detected 271 genes would be strong candidates for determining milk production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1565-1574
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify genetic variants based on RNA-seq data, obtained via transcriptome sequencing of muscle tissue of pigs differing in muscle histological structure, and to verify the variants' effect on histological microstructure and production traits in a larger pig population. Methods: RNA-seq data was used to identify the panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly related with percentage and diameter of each fiber type (I, IIA, IIB). Detected polymorphisms were mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regions. Next, the association study was performed on 944 animals representing five breeds (Landrace, Large White, Pietrain, Duroc, and native Puławska breed) in order to evaluate the relationship of selected SNPs and histological characteristics, meat quality and carcasses traits. Results: Mapping of detected genetic variants to QTL regions showed that chromosome 14 was the most overrepresented with the identification of four QTLs related to percentage of fiber types I and IIA. The association study performed on a 293 longissimus muscle samples confirmed a significant positive effect of transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 2 (TACC2) polymorphisms on fiber diameter, while SNP within forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) locus was associated with decrease of diameter of fiber types IIA and IIB. Moreover, subsequent general linear model analysis showed significant relationship of FOXO1, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1 (DEGS1), and troponin T2 (TNNT2) genes with loin 'eye' area, FOXO1 with loin weight, as well as FOXO1 and TACC2 with lean meat percentage. Furthermore, the intramuscular fat content was positively associated (p<0.01) with occurrence of polymorphisms within DEGS1, TNNT2 genes and negatively with occurrence of TACC2 polymorphism. Conclusion: This study's results indicate that the SNP calling analysis based on RNA-seq data can be used to search candidate genes and establish the genetic basis of phenotypic traits. The presented results can be used for future studies evaluating the use of selected SNPs as genetic markers related to muscle histological profile and production traits in pig breeding.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.294-299
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• 2010

In this study, we tried to investigate whether platycodin D significantly affects MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol ester (PMA) and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) from human airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of platycodin D for 30 min and then stimulated with EGF, PMA and TNF-$\alpha$ for 24h, respectively. MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. The results were as follows: (1) Platycodin D was found to inhibit the production of MUC5AC mucin protein induced by EGF, PMA, and TNF-$\alpha$, respectively. (2) It also inhibited the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene induced by the same inducers. These results suggest that platycodin D can regulate mucin gene expression and production of mucin protein, by directly acting on human airway epithelial cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.320-323
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• 2011

We conducted this study to investigate whether berberine signifi cantly affects MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin production induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) from human airway epithelial cells. Confl uent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of berberine for 30 min and then stimulated with EGF, PMA or TNF-${\alpha}$ for 24 h. MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin production were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Berberine was found to inhibit the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene induced by EGF, PMA or TNF-${\alpha}$. Berberine also inhibited the production of MUC5AC mucin protein stimulated by the same inducers. This result suggests that berberine can regulate the expression of mucin gene and production of mucin protein, by directly acting on human airway epithelial cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1170-1175
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• 2004

The involvement of the relA and rsh genes in the morphological and physiological differentiation of Streptomyces clavuligerus was evaluated with the relA and rsh genes mutants. The morphological differentiation of S. clavuligerus was greatly affected by the disruption of the relA gene, but not very much by the disruption of the rsh gene. The altered morphological characteristics were completely restored by the complementation of the corresponding disrupted genes. Thus, it was apparent that the mycelial morphology and clavulanic acid production were severely affected by the disruption of the relA gene. Production of clavulanic acid in the submerged batch culture and glycerol-limited chemostat showed that production was inversely related to the specific growth rate in the wild-type strain. However, the production of clavulanic acid in the ${\Delta}relA$ and ${\Delta}rsh$ null mutants was completely abolished. Therefore, it seems plausible that the stringent response of S. clavuligerus to starvation for amino acids is governed mainly by ReIA, rather than Rsh, and that the (p)ppGpp synthesized immediately after the depletion of amino acids triggers the initiation of pathways for both morphological and physiological differentiation in this species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

The integrated navigation system(INS) for fishing boat which organized the marine radar, global positioning system(GPS) compass, automatic identification system(AIS), echo sounder, GPS and electronic nautical chart(ENC) was manufactured to reduce the marine accidents of fishing boats occurred frequently at coastal and offshore. The application possibility of INS for fishing boat was examined for basic experiments in the sea. Integration display of various information, such as other vessel's behavior, depth, own vessel's position etc. was done to help the operate user who understood the circumstance around own boat. Therefore, the system will be utilized as a useful equipment for safety voyage and fishing work on the fishing ground.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Hydrogen production by the reaction of aluminum alloys and NaOH solution was studied for an automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) application. In our experiment conditions($30{\sim}75^{\circ}C$, NaOH $0.5{\sim}5M$), passivation of aluminum was not occurred. Higher rate of hydrogen production was observed at the reaction with Al alloys that contain impurities. With an increase in reaction temperature, hydrogen production rate by an increase in NaOH concentration increased much. When hydrogen was fed into the anode without filtering, PEMFC cell performance decreased 35% by ionic contamination such as $Na^+$ on the membrane and electrode. Thus, filtering of produced hydrogen is necessary for PEMFC operation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.501-506
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) on fermentation characteristics, especially on gas production, cellulose degradation and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration by mixed ruminal microorganisms. In order to attain this objective, unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and arachidonic acid (C22:4) were added at varying level. Mixed ruminal microbes used in this experiment were obtained from the rumen of a cannulated Holstein cow. Medium pH values after 7 d incubation were significantly affected by type and level of unsaturated fatty acids (p<0.01). All of UFA inhibited total gas production, and especially treatment of arachidonic acid at the levels of 0.01% gave the lowest gas. production after 7 d incubation (p<0.01). Comparison of the population of protozoa revealed that UFA did not have any significant effect on the total protozoa number. The addition of UFA did not effect dry matter degradation. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition of the culture was influenced little by UFA, although the considerable amount of iso-type VFA were detected in UFA supplemented incubations. The ratio of acetic acids to propionic acids, however, was lower than control in all the treatments after 7 d incubation (p<0.01).