• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2013

Weight of evidence model was applied for potential mapping of mountainous wetland to reduce the range of the field survey and to increase the efficiency of operations because the surveys of mountainous wetland need a lot of time and money owing to inaccessibility and extensiveness. The relationship between mountainous wetland location and related factors is expressed as a probability by Weight of evidence model. For this, the spatial database consist of slope map, curvature map, vegetation index map, wetness index map, soil drainage rating map was constructed in Yeongnam area, Korea, and weights of evidence based on the relationship between mountainous wetland location and each factor rating were calculated. As a result of correlation analysis between mountainous wetland location and each factors rating using likelihood ratio values, the probability of mountainous wetlands were increased at condition of lower slope, lower curvature, lower vegetation index value, lower wetness value, moderate soil drainage rating. Mountainous Wetland Potential Index(MWPI) was calculated by summation of the likelihood ratio and mountainous wetland potential map was constucted from GIS integration. The mountain wetland potential map was verified by comparison with the known mountainous wetland locations. The result showed the 75.48% in prediction accuracy.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.647-652
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• 2021

In this study, Saussurea Lappa roots were extracted using ethanol and n-hexane, and also the effects on proliferation of human hair dermal papilla cells and fibroblast and related signaling pathway were evaluated. 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted for cell proliferation effect of Saussurea Lappa root extract, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt), wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/𝛽-catenin signaling pathway, and 5𝛼-reductase expression through western blot analysis were measured. Saussurea Lappa root extract significantly increased human hair dermal papilla cells and propagation of fibroblast, promoted phosphorylation of ERK and Akt that get involved in cell proliferation. Additionally, Saussurea Lappa root extract significantly decreased promotion of Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation by MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 and PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Also, Saussurea Lappa root extract induced intranuclear 𝛽-catenin accumulation by promoting phosphorylation of 𝛽-catenin (Ser552, 675) through phosphorylation of GSK-3𝛽 (Ser9), and suppressed activation of 5𝛼-reductase type I and II. Overall, Saussurea Lappa root induces cell proliferation through vitalization of ERK and Akt route of human hair dermal papilla cells and fibroblast and apoptosis defense mechanism, and can be helpful in hair loss prevention and hair growth by vitalizing the 𝛽-catenin signaling pathway and inhibiting activation of 5𝛼-reductase, which can be used as a potential hair care products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.78-87
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the range and attributes of the traffic information service between domestic public institutions and private companies, and suggests the possibility of joint application of node-link information for each company and the possibility of joint use of private traffic information. For this purpose, the present condition and attributes of domestic and foreign traffic information node-links (link length, node ID number, U-turn information, lane information, left turn information, right turn information, etc.) were analyzed. The analysis targets, the node-link of the national standard node and the two companies were analyzed. The area of the experiment was selected in Jongno-gu, Seoul, where standard-link information is complex, traffic volume is high, and various standard-links exist. The experiment was conducted by comparing and analyzing the traffic information attributes of three types of node-links and performing node-links overlapping matching (utilizing encoding_decoding method), and the possibility of matching node-links and attributes of different specifications was analyzed using Open LR technique.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.153-169
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• 2008

This paper examines the recently empirical test for the two types of endogenous growth models, which one is more fitted to real data. We adopt the non-stationary panel data methodologies for seeking empirical implication by using productivity and R&D data in the OECD over the past two decades. The Empirical tests show that there is a robust relationship Total Factor Productivity and R&D variables implied by semi-endogenous growth model. The relationship suggested by fully endogenous growth theory, however, is sensitive to R&D variables. Therefore, the estimation results provide empirical evidence in favour of endogenous growth theory of R&D expenditure role for sustaining economic growth. The sustained Total Factor Productivity, however, is maintained by more increasing R&D inputs for overcoming diminishing return to R&D efforts.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.17
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• pp.115-156
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• 2008

Archival objects produced in relation to the activities of public institutions hold the inexpressible symbolism, historical value, and esthetical value as well in that the values of display and reuse of archives materials in the future are high as figures. The revised law of Archives Act in 2007 has provided a foundation for managing the archival objects in every public organization, by also including archival objects into the category of archives produced and registered in relation to their works. Although it could be seen as a reforming will to aim at the differential approach from the past to recognize the archival objects as records and make the managing will documented, it is still in an unprepared state to define the concepts on archival objects and to have methods to systematically manage and preserve them. Thus this paper has researched on the type classification of archival objects and their evaluation, as way of developing the methods for the management system for archival objects. On the premise that it should be preceded by clear definitions of concepts and distinctive understanding of their types first in order to build up the management system for archival objects, definition and type classification of the archival object have been attempted, based on the actual research materials and the current relevant laws. In addition, this study has analyzed the characteristics of selecting archival objects in order to search for which one they should obtain and manage among archival objects produced and reused in relation to the works of public institutions. On the basis of this, the plans for the national selection system and provision of selecting criteria for the subjects of permanent preservation have been suggested in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.750-762
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• 2019

The importance of the call center as a contact point for the enterprise is growing. However, call centers have difficulty with their operating agents due to the agents' lack of knowledge and owing to frequent agent turnover due to downturns in the business, which causes deterioration in the quality of customer service. Therefore, through an N-bank call center case study, we developed a system to reduce the burden of keeping up business knowledge and to improve customer service quality. It is a "real-time agent advisor" system that provides agents with answers to customer questions in real time by combining AI technology for speech recognition, natural language processing, and questions & answers for existing call center information systems, such as a private branch exchange (PBX) and computer telephony integration (CTI). As a result of the case study, we confirmed that the speech recognition system for real-time call analysis and the corpus construction method improves the natural speech processing performance of the query response system. Especially with name entity recognition (NER), the accuracy of the corpus learning improved by 31%. Also, after applying the agent advisor system, the positive feedback rate of agents about the answers from the agent advisor was 93.1%, which proved the system is helpful to the agents.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

The future water management needs decentralization of facilities, diversity of technology and integration of management to overcome the waste of financial resources and increase in scale of facilities that occurred from centralized water management. In addition, citizen's environmental awareness and participation is important because all infrastructure installed in the watershed where citizens live should have the function of water management. Therefore, the research was performed by investigating the citizen's recognition about urban environment와 LID application to analyze citizen's perceptions and analyze the feasibility and possibility of LID application. The LID awareness of citizens was about 59%, but only about 46% of citizens agreed on the extension of application. However, after contacting LID photographs and information, 90% of respondents agreed on the application of LID, and 94% of respondents were able to distinguish between grey infrastructure and LID infrastructure. Citizens appeared to have a tendency to recognize green spaces as multi-functional LID infrastructure or green infrastructure. If citizens recognize multi-functional LIDs only as landscapjng area, it will be very difficult to extend the LID on the city areas. Therefore, for the extended application of the LID facilities, it is necessary to use public relations strategy to utilize the results and visual data on the actual effect verification. In addition, as every social infrastructure is formed in watershed where citizens live, it is necessary to plan and manage the infrastructure through governance with citizen participation.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.295-305
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• 2018

Network RTK is a highly practical technology that can provide high positioning accuracy at levels between cm~dm regardless of user location in the network by extending the available range of RTK using reference station network. In particular, unlike other carrier-based positioning techniques such as PPP, users are able to acquire high-accuracy positions within a short initialization time of a few or tens of seconds, which increases its value as a future navigation system. However, corrections must be continuously received to maintain a high level of positioning accuracy, and when a time delay of more than 30 seconds occurs, the accuracy may be reduced to the code-based positioning level of meters. In case of SSR, which is currently in the process of standardization for PPP service, the corrections by each error source are transmitted in different transmission intervals, and the rate of change of each correction is transmitted together to compensate the time delay. Using these features of SSR correction is expected to reduce the performance degradation even if users do not receive the network RTK corrections for more than 30 seconds. In this paper, the simulation data were generated from 5 domestic reference stations in Gunwi, Yeongdoek, Daegu, Gimcheon, and Yecheon, and the network RTK and SSR corrections were generated for the corresponding data and applied to the simulation data from Cheongsong reference station, assumed as the user. As a result of the experiment assuming 30 seconds of missing data, the positioning performance compensating for time delay by SSR was analyzed to be horizontal RMS (about 5 cm) and vertical RMS (about 8 cm), and the 95% error was 8.7 cm horizontal and 1cm vertical. This is a significant amount when compared to the horizontal and vertical RMS of 0.3 cm and 0.6 cm, respectively, for Network RTK without time delay for the same data, but is considerably smaller compared to the 0.5 ~ 1 m accuracy level of DGPS or SBAS. Therefore, maintaining Network RTK mode using SSR rather than switching to code-based DGPS or SBAS mode due to failure to receive the network RTK corrections for 30 seconds is considered to be favorable in terms of maintaining position accuracy and recovering performance by quickly resolving the integer ambiguity when the communication channel is recovered.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1096-1099
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose the protocol for construction of smart factory. The proposed protocol for construction of smart factory consists of an OPC UA Server/Client, a technology of TSN realtime communication, a NTP & PTP time synchronization protocol, a FieldBus protocol and conversion module, a technology of saving data for data transmit latency and synchronization protocol. OPC UA server/client is a system integration protocol which makes interface industrial hardware device and supports standardization which allows in all around area and also in not independent from any platform. A technology of TSN realtime communication provides an high sensitive time management and control technology in a way of sharing specific time between devices in the field of high speed network. NTP & PTP time synchronization protocol supports IEEE1588 standardization. A fieldbus protocol and conversion module provide an extendable connectivity by converting industrial protocol to OPC. A technology of saving data for data transmit latency and synchronization protocol provide a resolution function for a loss and latency of data. Results from testing agencies to assess the performance of proposed protocol for construction of smart factory, response time was 0.1367ms, synchronization time was 0.404ms, quantity of concurrent access was 100ea, quantity of interacting protocol was 5ea, data saving and synchronization was 1,000 nodes. It produced the same result as the world's highest level.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-105
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic and overseas laws and regulators' decisions related to zero-rating (ZR) practices through a comparative approach and to support development of the ex-post regulation. Although most countries are adopting ex-post regulatory approaches toward the globally increasing ZR practices, there is no uniform standards or an approach to consider when deciding whether to allow mobile ISPs' zero-rating practices in the market. However, in recent years, some countries have been improving their policy transparency with respect to ZR through enacting and amending relevant laws as well as making trial decisions. The comparative analysis shows that each country investigates restriction of the user choice and ISPs' adherence to the obligation of non-discrimination in order to judge whether the user benefits are damaged by the ZR practices. It also investigates ISP-CP's market positioning and ISP's vertical integration for profit squeeze to find out whether they harm fair competition with ZR practices in the mobile ecosystem. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, we suggest the desirable ZR regulatory directions under the domestic legislative status.